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1.
F. Fernández-Fernández K. M. Evans J. B. Clarke C. L. Govan C. M. James S. Marič K. R. Tobutt 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2008,4(3):469-479
Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers developed from Malus, as well as Prunus, Pyrus and Sorbus, and some other sequence-tagged site (STS) loci were analysed in an interspecific F1 apple progeny from the cross ‘Fiesta’ × ‘Totem’ that segregated for several agronomic characters. A linkage map was constructed using 259 STS loci (247 SSRs, four SCARs and eight known-function genes) and five genes for agronomic traits—scab resistance (Vf), mildew resistance (Pl-2), columnar growth habit (Co), red tissues (Rt) and green flesh background colour (Gfc). Ninety SSR loci and three genes (ETR1, Rt and Gfc) were mapped for the first time in apple. The transferability of markers from other Maloideae to Malus was found to be around 44%. The loci are spread across 17 linkage groups, corresponding to the basic chromosome number of Malus and cover 1,208 cM, approximately 85% of the estimated length of the apple genome. Interestingly, we have extended the top of LG15 with eight markers covering 25 cM. The average map density is 4.7 cM per marker; however, marker density varies greatly between linkage groups, from 2.5 in LG14 to 8.9 in LG7, with some areas of the genome still in need of further STS markers for saturation. 相似文献
2.
Ana Delia Gisbert José Martínez-Calvo Gerardo Llácer María Luisa Badenes Carlos Romero 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2009,23(3):523-538
Loquat [Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.] is a Rosaceae fruit species of growing interest as an alternative to the main fruit crops. However, only
a few genetic studies have been carried out on this species. This paper reports the construction of the first genetic maps
of two loquat cultivars based on AFLP and microsatellite markers from Malus, Eriobotrya, Pyrus and Prunus genera. An F1 population consisting of 81 individuals, derived from the cross between ‘Algerie’ and ‘Zaozhong-6’ cultivars, was used to
construct both maps. A total of 111 scorable simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci resulted from the testing of 440 SSR primer
pairs in the analyzed progeny and the SSR transferability to Eriobotrya was found to be 74% from apple, 58% from pear and 49% from Prunus spp. In addition, 183 AFLP polymorphic bands were produced using 42 primer combinations. The ‘Algerie’ map was organized
in 17 linkage groups covering a distance of 900 cM and comprising 177 loci (83 SSRs and 94 AFLPs) with an average marker distance
of 5.1 cM. Self-incompatibility trait was mapped at the distal part of the LG17 linkage group, as previously reported in Malus and Pyrus. The ‘Zaozhong-6’ map covered 870 cM comprising 146 loci (64 SSRs and 82 AFLPs) with an average marker distance of 5.9 cM.
The 44 SSRs and the 48 AFLPs share in common by both maps were essentially collinear and, moreover, the order of the 75% of
apple and pear SSRs mapped in Eriobotrya was shown to be consistent across the Maloideae subfamily. As a whole, these maps represent a useful tool to facilitate loquat
breeding and an interesting framework for map comparison in the Rosaceae. 相似文献
3.
Sibylle Stoeckli Karsten Mody Andrea Patocchi Markus Kellerhals Silvia Dorn 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2009,5(1):257-267
The aim of this study was to assess the genetic basis of rust mite (Aculus schlechtendali) resistance in apple (Malus × domestica). A. schlechtendali infestation of apple trees has increased as a consequence of reduced side effects of modern fungicides on rust mites. An
analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) was carried out using linkage map data available for F1 progeny plants of the cultivars ‘Fiesta’ × ‘Discovery’. Apple trees representing 160 different genotypes were surveyed for
rust mite infestation, each at three different sites in two consecutive years. The distribution of rust mites on the individual
apple genotypes was aggregated and significantly affected by apple genotype and site. We identified two QTLs for A. schlechtendali resistance on linkage group 7 of ‘Fiesta’. The AFLP marker E35M42-0146 (20.2 cM) and the RAPD marker AE10-400 (45.8 cM) were
closest positioned to the QTLs and explained between 11.0% and 16.6% of the phenotypic variability. Additionally, putative
QTLs on the ‘Discovery’ chromosomes 4, 5 and 8 were detected. The SSR marker Hi03a10 identified to be associated to one of
the QTLs (AFLP marker E35M42-0146) was traced back in the ‘Fiesta’ pedigree to the apple cultivar ‘Wagener’. This marker may
facilitate the breeding of resistant apple cultivars by marker assisted selection. Furthermore, the genetic background of
rust mite resistance in existing cultivars can be evaluated by testing them for the identified SSR marker.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
4.
F. Fernández-Fernández L. Antanaviciute M. M. van Dyk K. R. Tobutt K. M. Evans D. J. G. Rees J. M. Dunwell D. J. Sargent 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2012,8(5):991-1002
An apple rootstock progeny raised from the cross between the very dwarfing ??M.27?? and the more vigorous ??M.116?? (??M.M.106???×???M.27??) was used for the construction of a linkage map comprising a total of 324 loci: 252 previously mapped SSRs, 71 newly characterised or previously unmapped SSR loci (including 36 amplified by 33 out of the 35 novel markers reported here), and the self-incompatibility locus. The map spanned the 17 linkage groups (LG) expected for apple covering a genetic distance of 1,229.5?cM, an estimated 91% of the Malus genome. Linkage groups were well populated and, although marker density ranged from 2.3 to 6.2?cM/SSR, just 15 gaps of more than 15?cM were observed. Moreover, only 17.5% of markers displayed segregation distortion and, unsurprisingly in a semi-compatible backcross, distortion was particularly pronounced surrounding the self-incompatibility locus (S) at the bottom of LG17. DNA sequences of 273 SSR markers and the S locus, representing a total of 314 loci in this investigation, were used to anchor to the ??Golden Delicious?? genome sequence. More than 260 of these loci were located on the expected pseudo-chromosome on the ??Golden Delicious?? genome or on its homeologous pseudo-chromosome. In total, 282.4?Mbp of sequence from 142 genome sequence scaffolds of the Malus genome were anchored to the ??M.27???×???M.116?? map, providing an interface between the marker data and the underlying genome sequence. This will be exploited for the identification of genes responsible for traits of agronomic importance such as dwarfing and water use efficiency. 相似文献
5.
Shigeki Moriya Hiroshi Iwanami Sae Takahashi Nobuhiro Kotoda Kouichi Suzaki Toshiya Yamamoto Kazuyuki Abe 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2010,6(2):195-203
Crown gall, caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, causes severe damage to apple saplings resulting in weak growth and loss of commercial value. Developing molecular markers
linked to crown gall resistance genes, and establishing a marker-assisted selection (MAS) for such a trait would be an effective
way to improve rootstock breeding for crown gall resistance. The wild apple Malus sieboldii Sanashi 63 carries the crown gall resistance gene Cg effective against the A. tumefaciens strain Peach CG8331 (biovar 2). Applying the genome scanning approach on the mapping population JM7 (cgcg) × Malus sieboldii Sanashi 63 (Cgcg), Cg was mapped on the linkage group (LG) 2. The constructed linkage map of LG 2 of Sanashi 63 spans 59.8 cM and has an average
marker density of 3.5 cM per marker. The 191 bp allele of the simple sequence repeat (SSR) NZmsEB119405 co-segregated perfectly
with Cg in a segregating population of 119 individuals. Quantitative trait loci, accounting for 75.3% to 84.3% of phenotypic variation
were detected in the same position. Testing eight additional rootstocks with the NZmsEB119405 SSR marker revealed that the
191 bp allele is also present in crown gall-susceptible rootstock accessions. Only the markers CH03b01 and NZmsPal92 mapping
at 0.9 and 4.3 cM from Cg, respectively, showed “private” alleles associated to Cg. 相似文献
6.
Marker-assisted selection (MAS) offers quick and reliable prediction of the phenotypes of seedlings in large populations and
thus opens new approaches for selection to breeders of apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.). The development of framework maps enables the discovery of genetic markers linked to desired traits. Although genetic
maps have been reported for apple scion cultivars, none has previously been constructed for apple rootstocks. We report the
construction of framework genetic maps in a cross between ‘M.9’ (‘Malling 9’) and ‘R.5’ (‘Robusta 5’) apple rootstocks. The
maps comprise 224 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, 18 sequence-characterised amplified regions, 14 single nucleotide
polymorphisms and 42 random amplified polymorphic DNAs. A new set of 47 polymorphic SSRs was developed from apple EST sequences
and used for construction of this rootstock map. All 17 linkage groups have been identified and aligned to existing apple
genetic maps. The maps span 1,175.7 cM (‘M.9’) and 1,086.7 cM (‘R.5’). To improve the efficiency of mapping markers to this
framework map, we developed a bin mapping set. Applications of these new genetic maps include the elucidation of the genetic
basis of the dwarfing effect of the apple rootstock ‘M.9’ and the analysis of disease and insect resistance traits such as
fire blight (Erwinia amylovora), apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) and woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum). Markers for traits mapped in this population will be of direct use to apple breeders for MAS and for identification of
causative genes by map-based cloning. 相似文献
7.
Sibylle Stoeckli Karsten Mody Cesare Gessler Andrea Patocchi Mauro Jermini Silvia Dorn 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2008,4(4):833-847
The rosy apple aphid (Dysaphis plantaginea), the leaf-curling aphid (Dysaphis cf. devecta) and the green apple aphid (Aphis pomi) are widespread pest insects that reduce growth of leaves, fruits and shoots in apple (Malus × domestica). Aphid control in apple orchards is generally achieved by insecticides, but alternative management options like growing
resistant cultivars are needed for a more sustainable integrated pest management (IPM). A linkage map available for a segregating
F1-cross of the apple cultivars ‘Fiesta’ and ‘Discovery’ was used to investigate the genetic basis of resistance to aphids.
Aphid infestation and plant growth characteristics were repeatedly assessed for the same 160 apple genotypes in three different
environments and 2 consecutive years. We identified amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers linked to quantitative
trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to D. plantaginea (‘Fiesta’ linkage group 17, locus 57.7, marker E33M35–0269; heritability: 28.3%), and to D. cf. devecta (‘Fiesta’ linkage group 7, locus 4.5, marker E32M39–0195; heritability: 50.2%). Interactions between aphid species, differences
in climatic conditions and the spatial distribution of aphid infestation were identified as possible factors impeding the
detection of QTLs. A pedigree analysis of simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker alleles closely associated with the QTL markers
revealed the presence of the alleles in other apple cultivars with reported aphid resistance (‘Wagener’, ‘Cox’s Orange Pippin’),
highlighting the genetic basis and also the potential for gene pyramiding of aphid resistance in apple. Finally, significant
QTLs for shoot length and stem diameter were identified, while there was no relationship between aphid resistance and plant
trait QTLs.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
8.
J. B. Clarke D. J. Sargent R. I. Bošković A. Belaj K. R. Tobutt 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2009,5(1):41-51
One hundred and sixty microsatellite (simple sequence repeat (SSR)) and six gene-specific markers revealing 174 loci were
scored in 94 seedlings from the inter-specific cross of Prunus avium ‘Napoleon’ × Prunus nipponica accession F1292. The co-segregation data from these markers were used to construct a linkage map for cherry which spanned
680 cM over eight linkage groups with an average marker spacing of 3.9 cM per marker and just six gaps longer than 15 cM.
Markers previously mapped in Prunus dulcis ‘Texas’ × Prunus persica ‘Earlygold’ allowed the cherry map to be anchored to the peach × almond map and showed the high level of synteny between
the species. Eighty-four loci segregated in P. avium ‘Napoleon’ versus 159 in P. nipponica. The segregations of 32 isoenzyme loci in a subset of 47 seedlings from the progeny were scored, using polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis and/or isoelectric focusing separation followed by activity staining, and the co-segregation data were analysed
along with those for 39 isoenzymes reported previously and for the 174 sequence-tagged site loci plus an additional two SSR
loci. The second map incorporates 233 loci and spans 736 cM over eight linkage groups with an average marker spacing of 3.2 cM
per marker and just two gaps greater than 15 cM. The microsatellite map will provide a useful tool for cherry breeding and
marker-assisted selection and for synteny studies within Prunus; the gene-specific markers and isoenzymes will be useful for comparisons with maps of other rosaceous fruit crops.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
9.
In this study, totally 54 selected polymorphic SSR loci of Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis), in addition with the previous linkage map of AFLP and RAPD markers, were used in consolidated linkage maps that composed
of SSR, AFLP and RAPD markers of female and male construction, respectively. The female linkage map contained 236 segregating
markers, which were linked in 44 linkage groups, and the genome coverage was 63.98%. The male linkage map contained 255 segregating
markers, which were linked in 50 linkage groups, covering 63.40% of F. chinensis genome. There were nine economically important traits and phenotype characters of F. chinensis were involved in QTL mapping using multiple-QTL mapping strategy. Five potential QTLs associated with standard length (q-standardl-01), with cephalothorax length (q-cephal-01), with cephaloghorax width (q-cephaw-01), with the first segment length (q-firsel-01) and with anti-WSSV (q-antiWSSV-01) were detected on female LG1 and male LG44 respectively with LOD > 2.5. The QTL q-firsel-01 was at 73.603 cM of female LG1. Q-antiWSSV-01 was at 0 cM of male LG44. The variance explained of these five QTLs was from 19.7–33.5% and additive value was from −15.9175
to 7.3675. The closest markers to these QTL were all SSR, which suggested SSR marker was superior to AFLP and RAPD in the
QTL mapping. 相似文献
10.
Construction of an integrated pepper map using RFLP,SSR, CAPS,AFLP, WRKY,rRAMP, and BAC end sequences 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Heung-Ryul Lee Ik-Hyun Bae Soung-Woo Park Hyoun-Joung Kim Woong-Ki Min Jung-Heon Han Ki-Taek Kim Byung-Dong Kim 《Molecules and cells》2009,27(1):21-37
Map-based cloning to find genes of interest, markerassisted selection (MAS), and marker-assisted breeding (MAB) all require
good genetic maps with high reproducible markers. For map construction as well as chromosome assignment, development of single
copy PCR-based markers and map integration process are necessary. In this study, the 132 markers (57 STS from BAC-end sequences,
13 STS from RFLP, and 62 SSR) were newly developed as single copy type PCR-based markers. They were used together with 1830
markers previously developed in our lab to construct an integrated map with the Joinmap 3.0 program. This integrated map contained
169 SSR, 354 RFLP, 23 STS from BAC-end sequences, 6 STS from RFLP, 152 AFLP, 51 WRKY, and 99 rRAMP markers on 12 chromosomes.
The integrated map contained four genetic maps of two interspecific (Capsicum annuum ‘TF68’ and C. chinense ‘Habanero’) and two intraspecific (C. annuum ‘CM334’ and C. annuum ‘Chilsungcho’) populations of peppers. This constructed integrated map consisted of 805 markers (map distance of 1858 cM)
in interspecific populations and 745 markers (map distance of 1892 cM) in intraspecific populations. The used pepper STS were
first developed from end sequences of BAC clones from Capsicum annuum ‘CM334’. This integrated map will provide useful information for construction of future pepper genetic maps and for assignment
of linkage groups to pepper chromosomes. 相似文献
11.
Choi SR Teakle GR Plaha P Kim JH Allender CJ Beynon E Piao ZY Soengas P Han TH King GJ Barker GC Hand P Lydiate DJ Batley J Edwards D Koo DH Bang JW Park BS Lim YP 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2007,115(6):777-792
We describe the construction of a reference genetic linkage map for the Brassica A genome, which will form the backbone for anchoring sequence contigs for the Multinational Brassica rapa Genome Sequencing Project. Seventy-eight doubled haploid lines derived from anther culture of the F1 of a cross between two diverse Chinese cabbage (B.
rapa ssp. pekinensis) inbred lines, ‘Chiifu-401-42’ (C) and ‘Kenshin-402-43’ (K) were used to construct the map. The map comprises a total of
556 markers, including 278 AFLP, 235 SSR, 25 RAPD and 18 ESTP, STS and CAPS markers. Ten linkage groups were identified and
designated as R1–R10 through alignment and orientation using SSR markers in common with existing B. napus reference linkage maps. The total length of the linkage map was 1,182 cM with an average interval of 2.83 cM between adjacent
loci. The length of linkage groups ranged from 81 to 161 cM for R04 and R06, respectively. The use of 235 SSR markers allowed
us to align the A-genome chromosomes of B. napus with those of B. rapa ssp. pekinensis. The development of this map is vital to the integration of genome sequence and genetic information and will enable the international
research community to share resources and data for the improvement of B. rapa and other cultivated Brassica species.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
12.
Aide Wang Herb Aldwinckle Philip Forsline Dorrie Main Gennaro Fazio Susan Brown Kenong Xu 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2012,29(2):379-397
Malus sieversii is a progenitor species of domestic apple M. × domestica. Using population “GMAL 4595” of 188 individuals derived from a cross of Royal Gala × PI 613988 (apple scab resistant, M. sieversii), 287 SSR (simple sequence repeats) loci were mapped. Of these SSRs, 80 are published anchors and 207 are newly developed
EST (expressed sequence tag) contig-based SSRs, representing 1,630 Malus EST accessions in GenBank. Putative gene functions of these EST contigs are diverse, including regulating plant growth, development
and response to environmental stresses. Among the 80 published SSRs, 18 are PI 613988 specific, 38 are common and 24 are Royal
Gala specific. Out of the 207 newly developed EST contig-based SSRs, 79 are PI 613988 specific, 45 are common and 83 are Royal
Gala specific. These results led to the construction of a M. sieversii map (1,387.0 cM) of 180 SSR markers and a Royal Gala map (1,283.4 cM) of 190 SSR markers. Mapping of scab resistance was
independently conducted in two subsets of population “GMAL 4595” that were inoculated with Ventura inaequalis races (1) and (2), respectively. In combination with the two major resistance reactions Chl (chlorotic lesions) and SN (stellate
necrosis) to each race, four subsets of resistance data, i.e., Chl/race (1), SN/race (1), Chl/race (2) and SN/race (2), were
constituted and analyzed, leading to four resistance loci mapped to the linkage group 2 of PI 613988; SNR1 (stellate necrosis resistance to race (1)) and SNR2 are tightly linked in a region of known scab resistance genes, and ChlR1 (Chlorotic lesion resistance to race (1)) and ChlR2 are also linked tightly but in a region without known scab resistance genes. The utility of the two linkage maps, the new
EST contig-based markers and M. sieversii as sources of apple scab resistance are discussed. 相似文献
13.
Genetic dissection of sex determinism, inflorescence morphology and downy mildew resistance in grapevine 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Elisa Marguerit Christophe Boury Aurélie Manicki Martine Donnart Gisèle Butterlin Alice Némorin Sabine Wiedemann-Merdinoglu Didier Merdinoglu Nathalie Ollat Stéphane Decroocq 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2009,118(7):1261-1278
A genetic linkage map of grapevine was constructed using a pseudo-testcross strategy based upon 138 individuals derived from
a cross of Vitis vinifera Cabernet Sauvignon × Vitis riparia Gloire de Montpellier. A total of 212 DNA markers including 199 single sequence repeats (SSRs), 11 single strand conformation
polymorphisms (SSCPs) and two morphological markers were mapped onto 19 linkage groups (LG) which covered 1,249 cM with an
average of 6.7 cM between markers. The position of SSR loci in the maps presented here is consistent with the genome sequence.
Quantitative traits loci (QTLs) for several traits of inflorescence and flower morphology, and downy mildew resistance were
investigated. Two novel QTLs for downy mildew resistance were mapped on linkage groups 9 and 12, they explain 26.0–34.4 and
28.9–31.5% of total variance, respectively. QTLs for inflorescence morphology with a large effect (14–70% of total variance
explained) were detected close to the Sex locus on LG 2. The gene of the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase, involved in melon male organ development
and located in the confidence interval of all QTLs detected on the LG 2, could be considered as a putative candidate gene
for the control of sexual traits in grapevine. Co-localisations were found between four QTLs, detected on linkage groups 1,
14, 17 and 18, and the position of the floral organ development genes GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE1, FRUITFULL, LEAFY and AGAMOUS. Our results demonstrate that the sex determinism locus also determines both flower and inflorescence morphological traits. 相似文献
14.
V. G. M. Bus D. Chagné H. C. M. Bassett D. Bowatte F. Calenge J.-M. Celton C.-E. Durel M. T. Malone A. Patocchi A. C. Ranatunga E. H. A. Rikkerink D. S. Tustin J. Zhou S. E. Gardiner 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2008,4(2):223-236
Woolly apple aphid (WAA; Eriosoma lanigerum Hausm.) can be a major economic problem to apple growers in most parts of the world, and resistance breeding provides a sustainable
means to control this pest. We report molecular markers for three genes conferring WAA resistance and placing them on two
linkage groups (LG) on the genetic map of apple. The Er1 and Er2 genes derived from ‘Northern Spy’ and ‘Robusta 5,’ respectively, are the two major genes that breeders have used to date
to improve the resistance of apple rootstocks to this pest. The gene Er3, from ‘Aotea 1’ (an accession classified as Malus sieboldii), is a new major gene for WAA resistance. Genetic markers linked to the Er1 and Er3 genes were identified by screening random amplification of polymorphic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA; RAPD) markers across DNA
bulks from resistant and susceptible plants from populations segregating for these genes. The closest RAPD markers were converted
into sequence-characterized amplified region markers and the genome location of these two genes was assigned to LG 08 by aligning
the maps around the genes with a reference map of ‘Discovery’ using microsatellite markers. The Er2 gene was located on LG 17 of ‘Robusta 5’ using a genetic map developed in a M.9 × ‘Robusta 5’ progeny. Markers for each of
the genes were validated for their usefulness for marker-assisted selection in separate populations. The potential use of
the genetic markers for these genes in the breeding of apple cultivars with durable resistance to WAA is discussed. 相似文献
15.
Fukino N Ohara T Monforte AJ Sugiyama M Sakata Y Kunihisa M Matsumoto S 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2008,118(1):165-175
Powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera xanthii is an important foliar disease in melon. To find molecular markers for marker-assisted selection, we constructed a genetic
linkage map of melon based on a population of 93 recombinant inbred lines derived from crosses between highly resistant AR
5 and susceptible ‘Earl’s Favourite (Harukei 3)’. The map spans 877 cM and consists of 167 markers, comprising 157 simple
sequence repeats (SSRs), 7 sequence characterized amplified region/cleavage amplified polymorphic sequence markers and 3 phenotypic
markers segregating into 20 linkage groups. Among them, 37 SSRs and 6 other markers were common to previous maps. Quantitative
trait locus (QTL) analysis identified two loci for resistance to powdery mildew. The effects of these QTLs varied depending
on strain and plant stage. The percentage of phenotypic variance explained for resistance to the pxA strain was similar between
QTLs (R
2 = 22–28%). For resistance to pxB strain, the QTL on linkage group (LG) XII was responsible for much more of the variance
(41–46%) than that on LG IIA (12–13%). The QTL on LG IIA was located between two SSR markers. Using an independent population,
we demonstrated the effectiveness of these markers. This is the first report of universal and effective markers linked to
a gene for powdery mildew resistance in melon. 相似文献
16.
Paolo Galli Giovanni Antonio Lodovico Broggini Markus Kellerhals Cesare Gessler Andrea Patocchi 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2010,26(4):561-572
The Rvi15 (Vr2) apple scab resistance locus found in the GMAL 2473 accession has been previously mapped to the top of the Linkage Group
2 (LG2) by analyzing 89 progeny plants of a cross between ‘Idared’ and GMAL 2473. A new population of 989 progeny plants,
derived from a cross between ‘Golden Delicious’ and GMAL 2473, has been analyzed with the two SSR markers CH02c02a and CH02f06,
previously found to be associated with Rvi15 (Vr2), and with two published markers derived from NBS sequences (ARGH17 and ARGH37) estimated to map close to the Rvi15 (Vr2) locus. ARGH17 and ARGH37, were found to be the closest markers to the resistance locus, bracketing it within an interval
of 1.5 cM. The SSRs mapped one on each side of Rvi15 (Vr2). CH02f06 mapped at 2.9 cM from ARGH37 while CH02a02a mapped at 1.7 from ARGH17. The position of Rvi15 (Vr2) respect to CH02a02a indicates that Rvi15 (Vr2) and Rvi4 (Vh4), a second apple scab gene mapped on the top of LG2, are two different resistance genes. In order to develop even more tightly
linked markers to Rvi15 (Vr2), ARGH17 was used as the starting point for chromosome walking through the Rvi15 (Vr2) homolog region of the cv. ‘Florina’. A single ‘Florina’ BAC clone, 36I17, was sufficient to span the homologous locus in
the new population’s recombinant progeny. Sequencing of the 36I17 BAC clone allowed identifying seven putative ORFs, including
two showing a TIR-NBS-LRR structure. Ten additional markers could be developed mapping within a 1.8 cM interval around the
Rvi15 (Vr2) resistance gene. ARGH17 and GmTNL1 markers, the latter also derived from NBS-LRR resistance gene homolog sequence, are the
closest markers to Rvi15 (Vr2) bracketing it within a 0.5 cM interval. The availability of 12 markers within the Rvi15 (Vr2) region, all within a small physical distance (kbp) in ‘Florina’, suggests that cloning of the Rvi15 (Vr2) apple scab resistance gene from GMAL 2473 will be possible. 相似文献
17.
Maria M. van Dyk Mogamat Khashief Soeker Iwan F. Labuschagne David Jasper G. Rees 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2010,6(3):489-502
In the Western Cape region of South Africa, dormancy release and the onset of growth does not occur normally in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) trees during spring due to the mild winter conditions experienced and fluctuations in temperatures experienced during
and between winters. In this region, the application of chemicals to induce the release of dormancy forms part of standard
orchard management. Increasing awareness of the environmental impact of chemical sprays and global warming has led to the
demand for new apple cultivars better adapted to local climatic conditions. We report the construction of framework genetic
maps in two F1 crosses using the low chilling cultivar ‘Anna’ as common male parent and the higher chill requiring cultivars
‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Sharpe’s Early’ as female parents. The maps were constructed using 320 simple sequence repeats, including
116 new markers developed from expressed sequence tags. These maps were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for
time of initial vegetative budbreak (IVB), a dormancy related characteristic. Time of IVB was assessed four times over a 6-year
period in ‘Golden Delicious’ x ‘Anna’ seedlings kept in seedling bags under shade in the nursery. The trait was assessed for
3 years on adult full-sib trees derived from a cross between ‘Sharpe’s Early’ and ‘Anna’ as well as for 3 years on replicates
of these seedlings obtained by clonal propagation onto rootstocks. A single major QTL for time of IVB was identified on linkage
group (LG) 9. This QTL remained consistent in different genetic backgrounds and at different developmental stages. The QTL
may co-localize with a QTL for leaf break identified on LG 3 by Conner et al. (1998), a LG that was, after the implementation of transferable microsatellite markers, shown to be homologous to the LG now known
to be LG 9 (Kenis and Keulemans 2004). These results contribute towards a better understanding regarding the genetic control of IVB in apple and will also be
used to elucidate the genetic basis of other dormancy related traits such as time of initial reproductive budbreak and number
of vegetative and reproductive budbreak. 相似文献
18.
James W. Borrone J. Steven Brown Cecile L. Tondo Margarita Mauro-Herrera David N. Kuhn Helen A. Violi Robert T. Sautter Raymond J. Schnell 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2009,5(4):553-560
Recent enhancement of the pool of known molecular markers for avocado has allowed the construction of the first moderately
dense genetic map for this species. Over 300 SSR markers have been characterized and 163 of these were used to construct a
map from the reciprocal cross of two Florida cultivars 'Simmonds' and 'Tonnage'. One hundred thirty-five primer pairs amplified
163 usable loci with 20 primer pairs amplifying more than one locus. 'Tonnage' was heterozygous for 152 (93%) loci, whereas
'Simmonds' was heterozygous for 64 (39%). Null alleles were identified at several loci. Linkage maps were produced for both
reciprocal crosses and combined to generate a composite linkage map for the F1 population of 715 individuals. The composite map contains 12 linkage groups. Linkage groups ranged in size from 157.3 cM
(LG2) to 2.4 cM (LG12) and the number of loci mapped per group ranged from 29 (LG1) to two (LG12). The total map length was
1,087.4 cM. Only seven markers were observed to have segregation distortion (α ≤ 0.05) across both sub-composite (reciprocal) maps. Phenotypic data from traits of horticultural interest are currently
being collected on this population with the ultimate goal of identifying useful quantitative trait loci and the development
of a marker-assisted selection program. 相似文献
19.
James W. Olmstead Audrey M. Sebolt Antonio Cabrera Suneth S. Sooriyapathirana Sue Hammar Gloria Iriarte Dechun Wang Charles Y. Chen Esther van der Knaap Amy F. Iezzoni 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2008,4(4):897-910
Linkage maps of the sweet cherry cultivar ‘Emperor Francis’ (EF) and the wild forest cherry ‘New York 54’ (NY) were constructed
using primarily simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and gene-derived markers with known positions on the Prunus reference map. The success rate for identifying SSR markers that could be placed on either the EF or NY maps was only 26%
due to two factors: a reduced transferability of other Prunus-species-derived markers and a low level of polymorphism in the mapping parents. To increase marker density, we developed
four cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence markers (CAPS), 19 derived CAPS markers, and four insertion–deletion markers for
cherry based on 101 Prunus expressed sequence tags. In addition, four gene-derived markers representing orthologs of a tomato vacuolar invertase and
fruit size gene and two sour cherry sorbitol transporters were developed. To complete the linkage analysis, 61 amplified fragment
length polymorphism and seven sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers were also used for map construction. This analysis
resulted in the expected eight linkage groups for both parents. The EF and NY maps were 711.1 cM and 565.8 cM, respectively,
with the average distance between markers of 4.94 cM and 6.22 cM. A total of 82 shared markers between the EF and NY maps
and the Prunus reference map showed that the majority of the marker orders were the same with the Prunus reference map suggesting that the cherry genome is colinear with that of the other diploid Prunus species.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
20.
Gao M Li G Yang B Qiu D Farnham M Quiros C 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2007,115(2):277-287
We constructed a 1,257-marker, high-density genetic map of Brassica oleracea spanning 703 cM in nine linkage groups, designated LG1–LG9. It was developed in an F2 segregating population of 143 individuals
obtained by crossing double haploid plants of broccoli “Early-Big” and cauliflower “An-Nan Early”. These markers are randomly
distributed throughout the map, which includes a total of 1,062 genomic SRAP markers, 155 cDNA SRAP markers, 26 SSR markers,
3 broccoli BAC end sequences and 11 known Brassica genes: BoGSL-ALK, BoGSL-ELONG, BoGSL-PROa, BoGSL-PROb, BoCS-lyase, BoGS-OH, BoCYP79F1, BoS-GT (glucosinolate pathway), BoDM1 (resistance to downy mildew), BoCALa, BoAP1a (inflorescence architecture). BoDM1 and BoGSL-ELONG are linked on LG 2 at 0.8 cM, making it possible to use the glucosinolate gene as a marker for the disease resistance gene.
By QTL analysis, we found three segments involved in curd formation in cauliflower. The map was aligned to the C genome linkage
groups and chromosomes of B. oleracea and B. napus, and anchored to the physical map of A. thaliana. This map adds over 1,000 new markers to Brassica molecular tools.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献