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1.
A moderately halophilic alkalitolerant Bacillus sp. Strain TSCVKK, with an ability to produce extracellular halophilic, alkalitolerant, surfactant, and detergent-stable alpha-amylase was
isolated from soil samples obtained from a salt-manufacturing industry in Chennai. The culture conditions for higher amylase
production were optimized with respect to NaCl, substrate, pH, and temperature. Maximum amylase production of 592 mU/ml was
achieved in the medium at 48 h with 10% NaCl, 1% dextrin, 0.4% yeast extract, 0.2% tryptone, and 0.2% CaCl2 at pH 8.0 at 30 °C. The enzyme activity in the culture supernatant was highest with 10% NaCl at pH 7.5 and 55 °C. The amylase
that was partially purified by acetone precipitation was highly stable in various surfactants and detergents. Glucose, maltose,
and maltooligosaccharides were the main end products of starch hydrolysis indicating that it is an alpha-amylase. 相似文献
2.
Lipases (EC 3.1.1.3) have received increased attention recently, evidenced by the increasing amount of information about lipases in the current literature. The renewed interest in this enzyme class is due primarily to investigations of their role in pathogenesis and their increasing use in biotechnological applications [38]. Also, many microbial lipases are available as commercial products, the majority of which are used in detergents, cosmetic production, food flavoring, and organic synthesis. Lipases are valued biocatalysts because they act under mild conditions, are highly stable in organic solvents, show broad substrate specificity, and usually show high regio- and/or stereo-selectivity in catalysis. A number of lipolytic strains of Acinetobacter have been isolated from a variety of sources and their lipases possess many biochemical properties similar to those that have been developed for biotechnological applications. This review discusses the biology of lipase expression in Acinetobacter, with emphasis on those aspects relevant to potential biotechnology applications. 相似文献
3.
The maT clade of transposons is a group of transposable elements intermediate in sequence and predicted protein structure to mariner and Tc transposons, with a distribution thus far limited to a few invertebrate species. We present evidence, based on searches of publicly available databases, that the nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae has several maT-like transposons, which we have designated as CbmaT elements, dispersed throughout its genome. We also describe two additional transposon sequences that probably share their evolutionary history with the CbmaT transposons. One resembles a fold back variant of a CbmaT element, with long (380-bp) inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) that show a high degree (71%) of identity to CbmaT1. The other, which shares only the 26-bp ITR sequences with one of the CbmaT variants, is present in eight nearly identical copies, but does not have a transposase gene and may therefore be cross mobilised by a CbmaT transposase. Using PCR-based mobility assays, we show that CbmaT1 transposons are capable of excising from the C. briggsae genome. CbmaT1 excised approximately 500 times less frequently than Tcb1 in the reference strain AF16, but both CbmaT1 and Tcb1 excised at extremely high frequencies in the HK105 strain. The HK105 strain also exhibited a high frequency of spontaneous induction of unc-22 mutants, suggesting that it may be a mutator strain of C. briggsae. 相似文献
4.
Notocactus scopa cv. Soonjung was subjected to in planta Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation with vacuum infiltration, pin-pricking, and a combination of the two methods. The pin-pricking combined with vacuum infiltration (20-30 cmHg for 15 min) resulted in a transformation efficiency of 67-100%, and the expression of the uidA and nptII genes was detected in transformed cactus. The established in planta transformation technique generated a transgenic cactus with higher transformation efficiency, shortened selection process, and stable gene expression via asexual reproduction. All of the results showed that the in planta transformation method utilized in the current study provided an efficient and time-saving procedure for the delivery of genes into the cactus genome, and that this technique can be applied to other asexually reproducing succulent plant species. 相似文献
5.
Although resistance of microorganisms to Hg(II) salts has been widely investigated and resistant strains have been reported
from many eubacterial genera, there are few reports of mercuric ion resistance in extremophilic microorganisms. Moderately
thermophilic mercury resistant bacteria were selected by growth at 62 °C on Luria agar containing HgCl2. Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA genes of two isolates showed the closest matches to be with Bacillus pallidus and Ureibacillus thermosphaericus. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for HgCl2 were 80 μg/ml and 30 μg/ml for these isolates, respectively, compared to 10 μg/ml for B. pallidus H12 DSM3670, a mercury-sensitive control. The best-characterised mercury-resistant Bacillus strain, B. cereus RC607, had an MIC of 60 μg/ml. The new isolates had negligible mercuric reductase activity but removed Hg from the medium
by the formation of a black precipitate, identified as HgS by X-ray powder diffraction analysis. No volatile H2S was detected in the headspace of cultures in the absence or presence of Hg2+, and it is suggested that a new mechanism of Hg tolerance, based on the production of non-volatile thiol species, may have
potential for decontamination of solutions containing Hg2+ without production of toxic volatile H2S. 相似文献
6.
7.
We have investigated the floral ontogeny of Arillastrum, Allosyncarpia, Stockwellia and Eucalyptopsis (of the eucalypt group, Myrtaceae) using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Several critical characters for establishing relationships between these genera and to the eucalypts have been determined. The absence of compound petaline primordia in Arillastrum, Allosyncarpia, Stockwellia and Eucalyptopsis excludes these taxa from the eucalypt clade. Post-anthesis circumscissile abscission of the hypanthium above the ovary in Stockwellia, Eucalyptopsis and Allosyncarpia is evidence that these three taxa form a monophyletic group; undifferentiated perianth parts and elongated fusiform buds are characters that unite Stockwellia and Eucalyptopsis as sister taxa. No floral characters clearly associate Arillastrum with either the eucalypt clade or the clade of Stockwellia, Eucalyptopsis and Allosyncarpia.We gratefully acknowledge Clyde Dunlop and Bob Harwood (Northern Territory Herbarium) for collecting specimens of Allosyncarpia, and Bruce Gray (Atherton) for collecting specimens of Stockwellia. The Australian National Herbarium (CANB) kindly lent herbarium specimens of Eucalyptopsis for examination. This research was supported by a University of Melbourne Research Development Grant to Andrew Drinnan. 相似文献
8.
A group of Fusarium isolates from slime flux similar to F. aquaeductuum produced unique, strongly curved, aseptate, C-shaped conidia. They were found to be identical to F. splendens nom. nud. Dried specimens from which F. splendens was originally isolated were reexamined and characterized as a new species of Cosmospora. Cosmospora matuoi sp. nov. is proposed for the teleomorph, and Fusarium matuoi sp. nov. is proposed for its anamorph. 相似文献
9.
Stefanie Kimbacher Ingrid Gerstl Branko Velimirov Sylvia Hagemann 《Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG》2009,282(2):165-172
P transposons belong to the eukaryotic DNA transposons, which are transposed by a cut and paste mechanism using a P-element-coded transposase. They have been detected in Drosophila, and reside as single copies and stable homologous sequences in many vertebrate species. We present the P elements Pcin1, Pcin2 and Pcin3 from Ciona intestinalis, a species of the most primitive chordates, and compare them with those from Ciona savignyi. They showed typical DNA transposon structures, namely terminal inverted repeats and target site duplications. The coding
region of Pcin1 consisted of 13 small exons that could be translated into a P-transposon-homologous protein. C. intestinalis and C. savignyi displayed nearly the same phenotype. However, their P elements were highly divergent and the assumed P transposase from C. intestinalis was more closely related to the transposase from Drosophila melanogaster than to the transposase of C. savignyi. The present study showed that P elements with typical features of transposable DNA elements may be found already at the base of the chordate lineage.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
10.
Fuhong Xie Yapeng Chao Zhiquan Xue Xiuqing Yang Guoqing Zhang Jiaji Shi Shijun Qian 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2009,36(5):739-746
In industry, fosfomycin is mainly prepared via chemical epoxidation of cis-propenylphosphonic acid (cPPA). The conversion yield of fosfomycin is less than 50% in the whole process and a large quantity
of waste is produced. Biotransformation by microorganisms is an alternative method of preparation. This kind of conversion
is more delicate, environmentally friendly, and the conversion yield of fosfomycin would be higher. In this work, an aerobic
bacterium capable of transforming cPPA to fosfomycin was isolated. The organism, designated as strain S101, was identified
as Bacillus simplex by morphological and physiological characteristics as well as by analysis of the gene encoding the 16S rRNA. Fosfomycin was
assayed by two means, bioassay and gas chromatography (GC). Glycerol was a good carbon source for growth and cPPA conversion
of strain S101. When cPPA was used as the sole carbon source, neither growth nor conversion to fosfomycin occurred. The optimum
cPPA concentration in the conversion medium was 2,000 μg ml−1. After 6 days of incubation, the concentration of fosfomycin reached its maximum level (1,838.2 μg ml−1), with a conversion ratio of 81.3%. Air was indispensable for the growth but not for the conversion to fosfomycin. Furthermore,
vanadium ions were found to be essential for the conversion. High concentrations of cPPA had fewer inhibitory effects on the
growth of strain S101. 相似文献
11.
A. Pijanowska E. Kaczorek Ł. Chrzanowski A. Olszanowski 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2007,23(5):677-682
Biodegradation and hydrophobicity of Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus spp. strains were tested at different concentrations of the biosurfactant Quillaya saponin. A model mixture of hydrocarbon
(dodecane and hexadecane) was used for estimating the influence of surfactants on biodegradation. The bacterial adhesion to
hydrocarbon method for determination of bacterial cell surface hydrophobicity was exploited. Among the tested bacterial strains
the higher hydrophobicity was noticed for Pseudomonas aeruginosa TK. The hydrophobicity of this strain was 84%. The highest hydrocarbon biodegradation was observed for P. aeruginosa TK (49%) and Bacillus subtilis (35%) strains after 7 days of experiments. Generally the addition of Quillaya saponin increased hydrocarbon biodegradation
remarkably. The optimal concentration proved to be 80 mg l−1. The degree of hydrocarbon biodegradation was 75% for P. aeruginosa TK after the addition of saponin. However the most significant increase in biodegradation after addition of Quillaya saponin
was in the case of P. aeruginosa 25 and Pseudomonas putida (the increase of biodegradation from 21 to 52% and from 31 to 66%, respectively). It is worth mentioning that decrease of
hydrophobicity is correlated with the best biodegradation by P. aeruginosa strain. For the remaining strains, no significant hydrophobicity changes in relation to the system without surfactant were
noticed. 相似文献
12.
Guo Cheng Su Chang Yi Zhou Hui Nong Cai Wen Jin Su Zhou Nan Shi Shao Hua Fang 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2008,24(3):383-386
Summary A petroleum-degrading bacterial strain Acinetobacter sp. SG06-02 in the oil-polluted intestine of shellfish clam was previously isolated in our laboratory. In this study, the
effectiveness of using its cleaning performance on petroleum pollution was investigated. The accumulation of petroleum in
the intestine of Ruditapes philippinarum was determined by a UV spectrophotometer. The survival and growth of the SG06-02 strain in the intestine of Ruditapes philippinarum after oil pollution were examined. The concentration of oil accumulated in the Ruditapes philippinarum intestine quickly rises to 254.97 mg/kg within 12 h after placing the clam in the petroleum-polluted seawater tank. After
decontaminating using Acinetaobacter we found that the concentration of petroleum inside the Ruditapes philippinarum declined significantly. The results of the cleaning experiments showed that the degradation activity by using bioremediation
method of the strain SG06-02 increased 12.8∼30.2% compared to using clean seawater in 4 days. This research indicated that
the petroleum degrading bacteria could survive and was effective in cleaning oily pollutants in the seashell. 相似文献
13.
A pea rust fungus, Uromyces viciae-fabae, has been classified into two varieties, var. viciae-fabae and var. orobi, based on differences in urediniospore wall thickness and putative host specificity in Japan. In principal component analyses, morphological features of urediniospores and teliospores of 94 rust specimens from Vicia, Lathyrus, and Pisum did not show definite host-specific morphological groups. In molecular analyses, 23 Uromyces specimens from Vicia, Lathyrus, and Pisum formed a single genetic clade based on D1/D2 and ITS regions. Four isolates of U. viciae-fabae from V. cracca and V. unijuga could infect and sporulate on P. sativum. These results suggest that U. viciae-fabae populations on different host plants are not biologically differentiated into groups that can be recognized as varieties.Contribution no. 184, Laboratory of Plant Parasitic Mycology, Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Tsukuba, Japan 相似文献
14.
Sarawood Sungkaew Atchara Teerawatananon John A. N. Parnell Chris M. A. Stapleton Trevor R. Hodkinson 《Kew Bulletin》2008,63(4):669-673
Summary A new monotypic bamboo genus Phuphanochloa (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from north-eastern Thailand is described, together with a new species, P. speciosa. 相似文献
15.
Yamauchi S Okuyama H Nishiyama Y Hayashi H 《Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions》2004,8(4):283-290
The dnaK and dnaJ genes, encoding heat shock proteins, were cloned from a psychrophilic bacterium, Colwellia maris. Significant homology was evident comparing DnaK and DnaJ of the psychrophilile with the counterparts of mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria. In the DnaJ protein, three conserved regions of the Hsp40 family were observed. A putative promoter similar to the sigma32 consensus sequence was found upstream of the dnaK gene. The G+C content in the 5'-untranslated region of the dnaK gene was much lower than that in the corresponding region of mesophilic bacteria. Northern-blot analysis and primer-extension analysis showed that both genes were transcribed separately as monocistronic mRNAs. Following several temperature upshifts from 10 to 26 degrees C, maximum induction of the dnaK and dnaJ mRNAs was detected at 20 degrees C, suggesting that this temperature induces the heat shock response in this bacterium. In addition, the level of the induction of the dnaJ gene was much lower than that of the dnaK gene. These findings together revealed several specific features of the heat shock response at a relatively low temperature in psychrophiles. 相似文献
16.
17.
Field observations and inoculation experiments revealed that Uromyces appendiculatus var. azukicola has an autoecious and macrocyclic life cycle and produces spermogonia, aecia, uredinia, and telia on Vigna angularis var. angularis and V. angularis var. nipponensis. From inoculation experiments, it was suggested that this rust fungus has different host relationships from other varieties. Morphological examinations revealed that the characteristics of urediniospores and teliospores are different among varieties, although aeciospores are morphologically similar to each other.Contribution no. 182, Laboratory of Plant Parasitic Mycology, Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Tsukuba, Japan 相似文献
18.
Twenty six Rhizobium strains isolated from root nodules of Sesbania sesban were studied for chitinase activity on chitin agar plates. Among them, only 12 strains showed chitinase activity. The strain
showing the highest chitinase activity was selected based on maximum clear zone/colony size ratio on chitin agar plates and
chitinase activity in culture filtrate. The strain was identified as Rhizobium sp. which showed a high degree of similarity with Rhizobium radiobacter (= Agrobacterium radiobacter). The cultural and nutritional conditions were optimized for maximum chitinase activity. The Rhizobium sp. exhibited maximum chitinase activity after 36 h of incubation, at neutral pH. Among the different nutritional sources,
arabinose and yeast extract were found to be good inducers for chitinase activity. Rhizobium sp. could degrade and utilize dead mycelia of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium udum. 相似文献
19.
D. J. Goyder 《Kew Bulletin》2008,63(2):331-333
Summary
Funastrum rupicola Goyder, a new species of Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae from Bolivia, is described and illustrated. The conservation status of this species is assessed. 相似文献
20.
Microorganisms that live in fluctuating environments must constantly adapt their behavior to survive. The host constitutes an important microenvironment in opportunistic and primary fungal pathogens like Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) and Cryptococcus gattii (C. gattii). In clonal populations, adaptation may be achieved through the generation of diversity. For fungi phenotype switching constitutes a mechanism that allows them to change rapidly. Both C. neoformans and C. gattii undergo phenotypic switching, which allows them to be successful pathogens and cause persistent disease. Similar to other encapsulated microbes that exhibit phenotypic variation, phenotypic switching in Cryptococcus changes the polysaccharide capsule. Most importantly, in animal models phenotypic switching affects virulence and can change the outcome of infection. Virulence changes because C. neoformans and C. gattii switch variants elicit different inflammatory responses in the host. This altered host response can also affect the response to antifungal therapy and in some cases may even promote the selection of switch variants. This review highlights the similarity and differences between phenotypic switching in C. neoformans and C. gattii, the two dominant species that cause cryptococcosis in humans. 相似文献