临床药师参与支气管哮喘住院患者的药学实践

目的:探讨临床药师在支气管哮喘住院患者治疗中的药学监护作用,提高支气管哮喘治疗效果。方法:通过临床药师在呼吸科参与支气管哮喘患者的治疗实践,对具体药物治疗及药学监护过程进行分析总结。结果:通过对支气管哮喘住院患者全程的药学监护,发现并解决了与药物治疗相关的问题,为医师及患者提供药学服务,提高了用药的安全性。结论:临床药师参与患者的药物治疗对医院药学服务的实施具有极其重要的意义。     

如何做合格的“专职”临床药师

在以患者为中心的药学服务阶段,结合我国临床药师的发展现况,认为培养专科临床药师切实可行,更利于我们药师和医院的同步发展,并探讨其工作主要任务和目标的六大方面,以及考核标准的六大方面;最终达到临床药师、医师、护师组成和谐团队,真正为患者提供最好的药学服务的观点。     

如何做合格的“专职”临床药师

在以患者为中心的药学服务阶段,结合我国临床药师的发展现况,认为培养专科临床药师切实可行,更利于我们药师和医院的同步发展,并探讨其工作主要任务和目标的六大方面,以及考核标准的六大方面;最终达到临床药师、医师、护师组成和谐团队,真正为患者提供最好的药学服务的观点。     

药学专业《药物分析》教学改革的探讨

药学专业培养具备药学学科基本理论、基本知识和实验技能,能在药品生产、检验、流通、使用和研究与开发领域从事鉴定、药物设计、一般药物制剂及临床合理用药等方面工作的高级科学技术人才《。药物分析》是药学专业的专业主干课程,笔者结合教学实践,对药学专业《药物分析》课程的教学改革和教学方法进行了探讨。     

静脉药物配置中心差错分析

目的:通过对静脉药物配置中心出现的各类差错进行分析探讨,发现其在工作中存在的问题,总结经验教训,为促进临床合理用药、减少和避免药疗差错提供参考.方法:根据药品说明书<中国药典>,<临床用药须知>等相关规定,对2007～2008年我院静脉药物配置中心出现的各类差错进行回顾性分析.结果:静脉药物配置中心的差错率主要发生在医师医嘱、护士录入医嘱、药护排药、药护配置、成品核对等工作环节.结论:药学服务是提供负责的药物治疗,其目的在于实现改善患者生活质量的既定结果,这些结果包括治愈疾病,消除或减轻症状,阻止或延缓疾病进程及防止疾病或症状的发生.由此可见,药师在处方审核和临床合理用药方面起着至关重要的作用.     

临床药师在促进临床合理用药方面的作用研究

目的:研究临床用药方面临床药师的作用。方法:从不同角度分析临床药师与合理用药关系,并提出改进建议。结果:临床不合理用药情况较普遍,带来许多安全隐患;临床药师制度确实可降低药物不良反应、处方不合格率。结论:临床用药过程中临床药师可起到极大的促进作用。     

南宁市某三甲医院药学干预Ⅰ类切口手术围手术期预防用抗菌药物对比分析

目的评价某院临床药师参与抗菌药物监管前后Ⅰ类切口手术围术期预防用药情况。方法对某院干预前(2012年6~8月份)出院的328例Ⅰ类切口手术患者和干预后(2013年6~8月份)出院的320例Ⅰ类切口手术患者的抗菌药物预防使用情况进行对比分析。结果通过临床药师干预,围手术期抗菌药物的应用得到改善,抗菌药物合理应用率由51.22%上升至68.44%。结论围手术期抗菌药物的合理应用可通过药学干预达到改善目的。     

《中国药物评价》2014年征订启事

《中国药物评价》杂志(ISSN2095-3593、CN10-1056/R)由国家食品药品监督管理总局主管、国家食品药品监督管理局信息中心主办的医药科技期刊,致力于上市药物的评价研究,旨在加强用药安全和合理用药指导,为药品使用和监督决策提供参考。读者对象为一线临床医师、药师,医药科研、生产、经营、教育、服务机     

放射性肺炎合并肺部感染患者的药学监护

目的:探讨药学监护对于治疗放射性肺炎合并肺部感染的方法、作用及意义。方法:选取我院2011年1月~2013年1月收治的20例放射性肺炎合并肺部感染患者,将其分为观察组和对照组,两组患者一般资料差异无统计学意义(P0.05),对照组采用常规治疗方法,观察组采用药学监护方案治疗。结果:治疗后观察组总有效为90%,对照组总有效为60%;治疗后观察组KPS评分为(82.28±5.29),对照组KPS评分为(74.62±2.18);治疗后观察组病灶大小为(34.58±3.01)cm2,对照组病灶大小为(45.59±1.25)cm2,两组患者的数据差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:临床药师在参与药物治疗中能够充分发挥其药学专业知识的优势,为临床用药提供良好的参考依据,药学监护在临床治疗中具有推广意义。     

药学干预对临床合理应用喹诺酮类药物的效果分析

目的:研究探讨药学干预对临床合理应用喹诺酮类药物的效果。方法:随机抽取我院2014年3月到2015年3月收治的的使用喹诺酮类药物进行治疗的患者200例作为研究对象,按照其药物使用前后是否进行药学干预分为两组,每组均为100例,分别对两组患者的用药效果、不良反应发生率以及耐药情况、喹诺酮类药物不合理使用率进行分析和比较。结果:药学干预组患者和对照组患者的喹诺酮药物的不合理应用率分别为5.0%和28.0%,用药后的治愈率分别为91.0%和74.0%,不良反应发生率分别为3.0%和14.0%,耐药率分别为16.0%和40.0%,药学干预组均显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(p0.05)。结论:在临床应用喹诺酮类药物进行治疗的过程中,给予积极的药学干预有利于降低用药不良反应发生率,提高药效,为临床合理用药提供可靠依据。     

Over the counter drugs. The interface between the community pharmacist and patients.

Pharmacists play an important part in primary health care, and their accessibility is a key factor. Their NHS payments relate predominantly to the dispensing of prescribed medicines; to recognise the service element of their advisory role, an NHS funded professional fee could be built into the cost structure for pharmacy medicines. The increased number of medicines available over the counter has highlighted the need for training for counter assistants; it will become compulsory in July 1996, and some family health services authorities are providing this. The shift to care in the community could mean that pharmacists will have an even greater role in the primary health care team. Encouraging the public to seek advice from the community pharmacist may lead to a greater proportion of visits to doctors resulting from referrals from the pharmacist. Joint development by pharmacists and doctors of guidelines for advice on, and recommendation of, over the counter medicines is needed.     

Pharmacists' Perceptions of the Barriers and Facilitators to the Implementation of Clinical Pharmacy Key Performance Indicators

BackgroundIn hospitals around the world, there has been no consensus regarding which clinical activities a pharmacist should focus on until recently. In 2011, a Canadian clinical pharmacy key performance indicator (cpKPI) collaborative was formed. The goal of the collaborative was to advance pharmacy practice in order to improve patient outcomes and enhance the quality of care provided to patients by hospital pharmacists. Following a literature review, which indicated that pharmacists can improve patient outcomes by carrying out specific activities, and an evidence-informed consensus process, a final set of eight cpKPIs were established. Canadian hospitals leading the cpKPI initiative are currently in the early stages of implementing these indicators.ObjectiveTo explore pharmacists'' perceptions of the barriers and facilitators to the implementation of cpKPIs.MethodsClinical pharmacists employed by the Nova Scotia Health Authority were invited to participate in focus groups. Focus group discussions were audio-recorded and transcribed, and data was analyzed using thematic analysis.FindingsThree focus groups, including 26 pharmacists, were conducted in February 2015. Three major themes were identified. Resisting the change was comprised of documentation challenges, increased workload, practice environment constraints, and competing priorities. Embracing cpKPIs was composed of seeing the benefit, demonstrating value, and existing supports. Navigating the unknown was made up of quality versus quantity battle, and insights into the future.ConclusionsAlthough pharmacists were challenged by documentation and other changes associated with the implementation of cpKPIs, they demonstrated significant support for cpKPIs and were able to see benefits of the implementation. Pharmacists came up with suggestions for overcoming resistance associated with the implementation of cpKPIs and provided insights into the future of pharmacy practice. The identification of barriers and facilitators to cpKPI implementation will be used to inform the implementation process on a local and national level.     

儿科抗癫痫药物应用研究进展

儿童癫痫为小儿神经科的常见疾病,临床表现以抽搐为主。近年来,随着医疗技术的发展,以及人们对儿童癫痫的重视,国内外文献对儿科癫痫的治疗报道越来越多,目前,药物治疗仍然是抗癫痫的首选方法,除了运用新型抗癫痫药物外,也有采用中药治疗癫痫的报道,现就近年来儿童癫痫的药物治疗研究作一综述。     

Tobacco sales in pharmacies: a survey of attitudes, knowledge and beliefs of pharmacists employed in student experiential and other worksites in Western New York

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Pharmacies are venues in which patients seek out products and professional advice in order to improve overall health. However, many pharmacies in the United States continue to sell tobacco products, which are widely known to cause detrimental health effects. This conflict presents a challenge to pharmacists, who are becoming increasingly more involved in patient health promotion activities. This study sought to assess Western New York (WNY) area pharmacists' opinions about the sale of tobacco products in pharmacies, and pharmacists' opinions on their role in patient smoking cessation. METHODS: Participants responded to two parallel surveys; a web-based survey was completed by 148 university-affiliated pharmacist preceptors via a list based sample, and a mail-based survey was completed by the supervising pharmacist in 120 area pharmacies via a list-based sample. The combined response rate for both surveys was 31%. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed to determine any significant differences between the preceptor and supervising pharmacist survey groups. RESULTS: Over 75% of respondents support legislation banning the sale of tobacco products in pharmacies. Over 86% of respondents would prefer to work in a pharmacy that does not sell tobacco products. Differences between preceptor and supervising pharmacist groups were observed. Action regarding counseling patients was uncommon among both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacists support initiatives that increase their role in cessation counseling and initiatives that restrict the sale of tobacco products in pharmacies. These data could have important implications for communities and pharmacy practice.     

肿瘤干细胞靶向治疗研究进展

肿瘤干细胞是存在于肿瘤组织中的一小部分具有自我更新、多向分化和无限增殖能力的细胞,其控制着肿瘤的生长、分化,并且与 肿瘤的耐药性、转移以及复发密切相关。简述近年来国内外学者针对肿瘤干细胞的靶向治疗产品,包括抗体、多肽以及靶向药物的研究进展。 肿瘤干细胞的靶向治疗为临床肿瘤治疗提供了新的希望。     

不可分型流感嗜血杆菌致病机制及耐药

作为全球两大高发疾病—儿童中耳炎和成人慢性阻塞性肺疾病的急性加重的主要病原菌,不可分型流感嗜血杆菌(NTHi)日益受到国内外学者的关注,然而目前,NTHi感染致病的相关机制及耐药并未得到全面地阐释,在一定程度上影响了临床对NTHi感染的有效控制。该文综合分析NTHi引起的主要感染,从以黏附作用为基础的定植策略、生物膜的形成、免疫逃逸和细菌耐药4个方面对NTHi感染致病的相关机制及耐药作一综述,以期为研究NTHi疫苗和特异抗感染药物提供理论依据。     

新冠病毒抗体药物研发进展及展望分析

抗体药物以其独特的作用机制和靶向性强、特异性好等优点,在恶性肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病、感染类疾病的诊断和治疗中发挥着越来越重要的作用,成为国际创新药物研发的热点。新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情发生以来,国内外多家研究机构和企业正在加快推进新冠病毒(SARS-CoV-2)抗体药物的开发。在此情势下,认真分析抗体药物现状和趋势,梳理国内外新冠病毒抗体药物研究进展,明确我国当前抗体药物创新的机遇、挑战和建议,对加快我国药物自主创新研发具有重要意义。