首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
虫害诱导的植物挥发性次生物质及其在植物防御中的作用   总被引:58,自引:5,他引:53  
张瑛  严福顺 《昆虫学报》1998,41(2):204-214
虫害诱导的植物挥发性次生物质及其在植物防御中的作用*张瑛严福顺**(中国科学院动物研究所北京10008早在19世纪初,Kirby和Spence就提出:几乎没有一种植物能够避免昆虫的取食为害,同时也没有一种植物能被所有植食性昆虫取食为害。后一种情况反应...  相似文献   

2.
植物对病害的防御系统   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
植物表现出对病害的抗性。这一点已早为育种家所利用,培育出许多抗病的作物品种。在研究植物和病原相互关系的过程中,人们发现植物中存在一种为病原所诱导的抗病机制。即在病原侵染的诱发下,植物产生一系列拮抗的物质,以阻止病害的传播和病原微生物的进  相似文献   

3.
植物对昆虫的化学防御   总被引:32,自引:0,他引:32  
康乐 《植物学通报》1995,12(4):22-27
植物对昆虫的化学防御康乐(中国科学院动物研究所,北京100080)THECHEMICALDEFENSESOFFPLANTSTOPHYTOPHAGOUSINSECTSKangLe(InslitrteofZoology,AcademiaSinicaBei...  相似文献   

4.
植物防御信号分子β-罗勒烯的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
植物为了适应复杂的生活环境,在长期的进化过程中,发展起来了一套与动物免疫系统相似的、高度复杂的防御系统。研究表明,众多的信号分子在调控植物防御反应中起着重要作用。β-罗勒烯是一种与植物防御启动密切相关的信号分子。本文综述了信号分子罗勒烯的结构组成、自然分布、化学合成、植物防御以及信号途径等方面的研究进展,为其进一步的理论研究及农业应用提供了有益参考。  相似文献   

5.
植物抗虫“防御警备”: 概念、机理与应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
植物抗虫“防御警备”是指受到某些生物或者非生物因子刺激警备后,植物会提前做好抗虫防御准备,之后当再次受到害虫袭击时,植物会产生更加快速和强烈的抗虫防御反应,从而使自身抗虫性显著提高.这是近年来新发现的植物防御害虫的一种策略,是一种特殊的诱导抗虫机制.植食性昆虫的取食、分泌物、产卵、为害诱导的植物挥发物(HIPVs)以及某些有益微生物、植物营养元素、重金属和一些化学物质均可以引起植物产生抗虫防御警备.防御警备具有抗性高效、持久、环境友好,甚至可以遗传到子代等优点.本文综述了近年来有关植物抗虫防御警备的研究,主要概括了植物抗虫防御警备的一般特征、刺激警备因子和形成机制,并对其在生产实践中的应用前景进行了简要分析,提出了这一领域尚未解决的问题和亟待深入的研究方向.通过合适的方法使植物产生抗虫防御警备可以大大减少杀虫剂的使用,成为害虫综合防治的重要手段.  相似文献   

6.
植物源挥发性有机物(BVOCs)是植物的次生代谢产物,具有防御和信号等多种生态功能。对植物BVOCs的研究正成为环境和生态学的热点前沿。氮沉降作为植物的养分和环境胁迫双重因子,亦改变植物防御相关BVOCs(d BVOCs)的排放,影响物种间信息交流以及生存发展,乃至整个生态系统的结构和功能,然而,相关研究十分缺乏。该文聚焦萜类、绿叶挥发物和水杨酸甲酯这3类d BVOCs,阐述它们的主要成分、合成途径、生态功能以及对各种生物和非生物胁迫因素的响应情况;重点论述了氮沉降对这些d BVOCs的影响,并讨论氮磷限制情况下它们的响应趋势及相关机理。今后,亟需深入并拓展d BVOCs的相关研究及机理探讨,攻破d BVOCs在研究方法和检测设备上的难题,并加强不同学科领域的交叉研究,为全球变化背景下树木的种植管理和虫害的绿色防治提供理论支持,助力可持续发展。  相似文献   

7.
植物防御素调控水稻镉积累的新机制   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
黄新元  赵方杰 《植物学报》2018,53(4):451-455
镉是我国农产品的主要重金属污染物之一。随着我国土壤重金属污染问题日益突出, 包括稻米在内的农产品重金属超标时常发生。如何防控重金属在作物可食部位的积累, 在保证农产品安全的同时将农田重金属进行移除修复, 已成为我国农业生产急需解决的问题。最近, 中科院上海生命科学院植物生理生态所龚继明研究组和中国水稻所钱前研究组克隆到1个特异调控镉在水稻(Oryza sativa)叶片中积累的主效QTL基因CAL1CAL1编码1个植物防御素类似蛋白, 通过与镉进行螯合, 将镉从维管束木质部薄壁细胞中分泌出来, 进入木质部参与长距离转运, 从而定向调控镉在水稻叶片等营养器官的积累而不影响籽粒镉的积累。该研究加深了人们对重金属镉在植物体内的转运和再分配机理的认识, 同时也为培育秸秆镉高积累而籽粒镉含量达标的“修复型”水稻品种提供有价值的新基因。研究成果具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。  相似文献   

8.
本文对十字花科(Cruciferae)植物体内的芥子油苷-黑芥子酶系统在生物、非生物胁迫和生长发育中的研究进展作了介绍。  相似文献   

9.
植物挥发物代谢工程在改良香气品质和植物防御中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
挥发物次生代谢在植物繁殖、植物防御和改良食物品质方面发挥着重要作用。近年来,随着参与挥发物生物合成的基因和酶类的鉴定以及代谢途径和调控机理等研究的不断发展和深入,挥发物代谢工程已经具备较高的可行性。应用代谢工程改良花、果实的香气品质以及提高植物防御能力的研究成效显著。主要介绍了这些方面的最新进展,同时也讨论了植物挥发物代谢工程应用存在的问题和挑战以及研究思路。  相似文献   

10.
植物在长期进化过程中形成了多样的防御策略以应对食草动物的采食,其中基于植物次生代谢产物的化学防御策略在植物-食草动物种间互作中起到了关键的调控作用。植物次生代谢产物的合成以减少资源向生长和繁殖的分配为代价,是植物应对食草动物采食的一种权衡策略。国内外针对植物次生代谢产物如何影响食草动物的采食行为、植物个体生长和适合度等已开展了较多研究,但对其化学防御策略还缺乏系统的综述。该文梳理了植物次生代谢产物合成与释放的影响因素、植物应对食草动物采食的化学防御策略及形成机制。植物个体组织器官、种群和群落特征、食草动物种类及采食强度、土壤资源有效性、生长季节和环境胁迫均会对植物次生代谢产物的合成与释放产生影响。植物通过增强化学防御的可塑性、调节光合产物分配格局和资源在生长-繁殖-防御功能间的权衡关系来应对食草动物的采食。针对植物化学防御策略的形成机制,当前主要的假说/理论包括生长分化平衡假说、植物可见性假说、最优防御理论、碳养分平衡假说、生长速率假说、植物防御综合征假说和错误管理理论等。随着人类活动(如放牧)的增加和气候变化的加剧,未来应从多学科交叉视角,加强植物应对大型食草动物采食、环境胁迫和全球变化背景下植物防御策略的研究,以更深入地理解植物应对食草动物的防御过程及机制。  相似文献   

11.
植物挥发性信号物质介导抗性的生态功能   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
植物产生的挥发性化合物能够作为媒介参与植物与周围环境之间的信息交流及相互作用。植物挥发性物质在吸引传粉者、促进种子传播、抑制其它植物种子萌发等方面具有重要的作用。近年来,关于植物挥发性物质在生态系统中的信号作用研究已经成为国内外的研究热点,受到广泛关注。总结了植物挥发性物质作为信号物质在提高植物抗性方面的国内外研究成果,阐述了植物挥发性物质不仅能够直接提高植物的抗性,而且可以作为信号物质在同株、同种异株和不同种植物之间进行传递,进而间接提高目标植物的抗性。最后,还对植物挥发性物质的研究方法和潜在的生态功能进行了探讨。  相似文献   

12.
Some volatile organic chemicals (VOCs), such as terpenes, are responsible for communication between plants. We assessed the priming of defense responses in lima bean by exposing the plants to transgenic-plant-volatiles [(E)-β-ocimene] emitted from transgenic tobacco plants (NtOS2). As it was previously shown that the first receiver lima bean plants, which were infested with spider mites after having been exposed to (E)-β-ocimene from NtOS2, were highly induced to emit VOCs, we analyzed the VOCs emitted from a second set of receiver plants (second receiver plants) exposed to the infested, first receiver plants. In response to feeding by spider mites, two homoterpenes [(E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene and (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene] were more highly emitted from the second receiver plants in response to spider mite attack, in comparison to the levels emitted from plants that had been placed near infested, wild-type (WT)-volatile-exposed plants. These data suggest that transgenic-plant-volatile-mediated, multiple-plant communication can function in plant defenses.  相似文献   

13.
14.
    
Assessment of host plant specificity is a critical step in the evaluation of classical biological control agents of weeds which is necessary for avoiding possible damage to non-target plants. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by plants likely play an important role in determining which plants attract and are accepted by a prospective arthropod agent. However, current methods to evaluate host plant specificity usually rely on empirical choice and no-choice behavioural experiments, with little knowledge about what chemical or physical attributes are stimulating the insect. We conducted experiments to measure the quantitative and qualitative effects on emission of VOCs caused by simple mechanical damage to leaves of plants known to differ in suitability and attractiveness to a prospective agent. More VOCs were detected from damaged than from undamaged leaves for all three species tested. Discriminant analysis was able to correctly distinguish the taxonomic identity of all plants based on their VOC profiles; however, the VOCs that discriminated species among undamaged leaves were completely different from those that discriminated among damaged leaves. Thus, damaged and undamaged plants present different VOC profiles to insects, which should be considered when conducting host plant specificity experiments. An unacceptable non-target plant, Centaurea cineraria, emitted all except one of the VOCs that were emitted by its preferred host plant, Centaurea solstitialis, indicating the importance of compounds that are repellant in host plant specificity. Centaurea cyanus emitted fewer VOCs than C. solstitialis, which suggests that it lacked some VOCs important for host plant recognition.  相似文献   

15.
A telescopic method for photographing within 8×8 cm minirhizotrons   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The volatile organic compounds produced during a sequence of soil incubations under controlled conditions, with either added NH4 +-N or NO3 --N, were collected and identified. The nature and relative amounts of the volatile organic compounds produced by the microorganisms in the soils were remarkably reproducible and consistent.  相似文献   

16.
对近年来国内外挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)采集方法的研究进展进行了综合和概括。对VOCs几种主要的采样方法包括顶空收集法、液液萃取法、超临界流体萃取、吸附剂收集法、吹扫捕集法、画相微萃取等技术进行了阐述和比较,提出应根据实验材料的特性选择合适的采样方法,旨在为应用VOCs的采集方法及相关研究提供参考和借鉴。  相似文献   

17.
作为最常见的一类植物天然产物,精油在食品、化妆品行业以及芳香疗法中应用广泛。但直到最近几年研究人员才开始关注精油调控脂质代谢、促进减肥的功效,并初步鉴定出主要的生物活性成分。介绍了近几年具有代表性的精油抗肥胖相关研究进展,论述了植物精油治疗肥胖过程中的生化指标变化及可能的机制,包括抑制脂质合成、促进脂质分解、调节肠道菌群、抑制食欲等,并对该领域尚需解决的问题提出展望,以期为抗肥胖精油的筛选、药理学研究以及临床治疗提供参考。  相似文献   

18.
    
To protect themselves from herbivory, plants have evolved an arsenal of physical and chemical defences and release a variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). By releasing these VOCs, a signalling plant can both reduce herbivory, sometimes by more than 90%, and also warn neighbouring plants about an attack. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of herbivory and insect extract application on VOC release by damaged/treated and nearby undamaged/untreated maize plants. We confirmed that European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) larvae attack or larvae extract application induced maize VOC release. Greater amounts of (Z)‐3‐hexenal, (E)‐2‐hexenal, (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol, (E)‐2‐hexen‐1‐ol, β‐myrcene, (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐yl acetate, 1‐hexyl acetate, (Z)‐ocimene, linalool, benzyl acetate, methyl salicylate, indole, methyl anthranilate, geranyl acetate, β‐caryophyllene, (E)‐β‐farnesene and (Z)‐3‐hexenal, (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol, (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐yl acetate, (Z)‐ocimene, linalool, indole, methyl anthranilate, geranyl acetate, β‐caryophyllene and (E)‐β‐farnesene were released as a result of biotic stress after insect attack or insect extract application. The amounts of each VOC released were qualitatively and quantitatively distinct and dependent on time after biotic stress exposure. However, for all biotic stresses, significantly lower VOC induction was measured when leaves were damaged/treated for three days, as compared to seven days. Our work also demonstrated that undamaged/untreated neighbouring plants also release significant amounts of VOCs. This suggests that VOC emission by a damaged/treated plant stimulates VOC induction in nearby undamaged/untreated plants. However, the concentrations of all VOCs released by neighbouring undamaged/untreated maize plants were lower than those from damaged/treated plants and were negatively correlated with distance from a damaged/treated plant. Still, significant VOC induction occurred in undamaged/untreated plants even at 3 m distance from a damaged/infected plant. Our work suggests that maize plant protective defence responses (VOC emission) can be induced via application of European corn borer extracts.  相似文献   

19.
  总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Plants respond to herbivore attack by launching 2 types of defenses: direct defense and indirect defense. Direct defense includes all plant traits that increase the resistance of host plants to insect herbivores by affecting the physiology and/or behavior of the attackers. Indirect defense includes all traits that by themselves do not have significant direct impact on the attacking herbivores, but can attract natural enemies of the herbivores and thus reduce plant loss. When plants recognize herbivore‐associated elicitors, they produce and release a blend of volatiles that can attract predators, parasites, and other natural enemies. Known herbivore‐associated elicitors include fatty acid–amino acid conjugates, sulfur‐containing fatty acids, fragments of cell walls, peptides, esters, and enzymes. Identified plant volatiles include terpenes, nitrogenous compounds, and indoles. In addition, constitive traits including extrafloral nectars, food bodies, and domatia can be further induced to higher levels and attract natural enemies as well as provide food and shelter to carnivores. A better understanding of indirect plant defense at global and componential levels via advanced high throughput technologies may lead to utilization of indirect defense in suppression of herbivore damage to plants.  相似文献   

20.
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号