酿酒酵母和粟酒裂殖酵母细胞增殖对Ca~(2 )依赖性的比较研究

同样实验条件下Ca~(2 )对S.cerevisiae的增殖没有影响,但能明显促进S.pombe的增殖;Ca~(2 )螯合剂EGTA对S.cerevisiae的增殖没有明显抑制作用,但对S.pombe的增殖有显著的抑制作用,回加Ca~(2 )能够有效消除EGTA的抑制作用;而非特异性螯合剂EDTA虽然对两类酵母细胞的增殖都有抑制作用,但Ca~(2 )却不能消除EDTA的抑制作用,这样就直接指明了两类酵母对胞外Ca~(2 )的依赖性是不一样的。由于S.cerevisiae细胞的增殖速率比S.pombe细胞要快近3倍,且与转化细胞或肿瘤细胞具有类似的细胞增殖不依赖于胞外Ca~(2 )的特性,说明研究胞外Ca~(2 )对这两类酵母细胞增殖不同作用效应的机制,对搞清细胞周期失控与细胞转化之间的关系有重要的意义。     

吩噻嗪类钙调素抑制剂对芽殖酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)和粟酒裂殖酵母(Schizosaccharomyces pombe)细胞增殖的不同效应

低浓度的TFP、CPZ及FPZ能明显促进S．Pombe细胞的增殖,培养液中Ca2+浓度越低,TFP等的促进作用越显著,Ca2+与TFP具有协同促进S.pombe增殖的功能;但20μmol／LTFP能终止S．Cerevisiae细胞周期的运转。TFP的细胞膜通透性研究表明,20μmol／LTFP就能进入到S.cerevisiae细胞中,但不易穿过S．Pombe细胞膜却能明显促进Ca2+的内流,引起S.pombe胞内Ca2+总量的迅速增加。因此认为低度的TFP促进S.pombe细胞的增殖,不是因为TFP进入到胞内作为CaM的抑制剂而起的作用,而是通过促进胞外钙的内流从而促进S．Pombe细胞的增殖。     

某些金属离子对酿酒酵母和粟酒裂殖酵母的细胞增殖具有不同的作用…

由于配制培养液所用试剂污染的金属离子已能满足酵母细胞生长需要,本文采用金属离子蟹合剂ＥＤＴＡ去除自由离子,然后回加某些金属离子方法研究了这些金属离子对酵母细胞增殖的影响,结果发现某些金属离子对Ｓ．ｐｏｍｂｅ和Ｓ．ｃｅｒｅｉｓｉａｅ的细胞增殖具有不同的作用效应。     

TFP促进粟酒裂殖酵母(Schizosaccharomyces pombe) 细胞增殖机理的探讨

采用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察的方法,以Fluo-3负载Schizosaccharomyces pombe细胞,荧光强度反映胞质游离Ca^2 浓度,结果表明,在无钙培养基中生长的S．Pombe沈胞内游离Ca^2 浓度低于在含10μmol／L外钙培养基中的S．pombe细胞,而一定浓度三氟拉嗪(TFP)处理过的S．pombe胞内游离钙浓度则有明显增加;用与TFP在对酵母质膜ATPase活性有拮抗效应的无机硫酸盐处理S.pombe细胞,发现可抑制其增殖,通过原子吸收光谱法测得胞内游离钙含量降低。因此认为TFP通过作用于质膜、促进Ca^2 内流刺激裂殖酵母细胞的增殖。     

一个外切菊粉酶基因的克隆表达及酶学性质

从马克斯克鲁维酵母（Kluyveromycesmarxianus）DSM5418中克隆出外切菊粉酶（INU）的成熟肽编码区域,在毕赤酵母（Pichiapastoris）GS115中实现了高效分泌表达,体积酶活力达到15．27U／mL,进一步对重组酶进行了纯化与表征。经过（NH4）2SO4沉淀、透析和分子筛过滤后,得到了纯度大于95％的纯化重组酶,SDS-PAGE分析发现INU的表观相对分子质量为9．0×10^4,大于理论预测值6．0×10^4。纯化酶液的表征结果表明,INU的最适温度和最适pH分别为55℃和5．0,在此条件下INU对菊粉的K。值和比酶活分别为1．90mmol／L和433．86U／mg,对蔗糖的K。值和比酶活分别为27．81mmol/L和1249．49U／mg,I/S值为0．34;HPLC分析表明,INU酶解菊粉的产物由果糖和葡萄糖组成;金属离子Mn2＋、Fe3｜、K｜和Co2＋对酶有促进作用,而Zn2＋、Cu2＋、Ni2＋、SDS和EDTA对酶活力有不同程度的抑制作用。     

金属离子对粪产碱杆菌C16的脱氮和亚硝酸盐积累的影响

【目的】研究不同金属离子对异养氨氧化细菌C16的生长和脱氮性能影响,探讨适于C16生长和脱氮的金属离子及其浓度。【方法】实验选用Mg2+、Mn2+、Fe2+、Cu2+、Zn2+5种金属离子,对C16的生长﹑脱氮性能﹑亚硝酸盐氮积累以及相关酶活性进行研究。【结果】Mg2+明显促进C16的生长和NH4+-N氧化速率;较高浓度Mn2+使得C16无法生长;原培养基中缺少Fe2+会抑制C16的生长和NH4+-N氧化速率;在原培养基中加入0.1 mmol/L的Cu2+对C16的生长和脱氮具有一定的促进作用,Cu2+使得培养基中基本无NO2--N和NH2OH的积累;不同浓度的Zn2+对C16的生长和氨氮去除有抑制作用。酶活实验结果显示,0.1 mmol/L Mg2+促进了羟胺氧化还原酶(HAO)的活性;0.1 mmol/L Cu2+促进了硝酸盐还原酶(Nar)和亚硝酸盐还原酶(Nir)的活性。【结论】Mg2+是C16生长和脱氮过程中的一种重要金属离子;加入Cu2+可避免过量亚硝酸盐积累。     

金属离子抗性衣藻品系的分离筛选及其鉴定

从乌鲁木齐南山土壤中分离得到62株绿藻,利用印迹法筛选对Cu2＋、Fe3＋、Zn2＋、Co2＋4种金属离子有抗性的藻株。结果发现XJU-3、XJU-28和XJU-36对0.1mmol·L-1 Co2＋有抗性;XJU-28对1mmol·L-1 Zn2＋和Fe3＋有抗性;而XJU-36仅对0.05mmol·L-1 Cu2＋有抗性。利用形态学特征和rDNA转录单元内间隔区（ITS1和TIS2,包括5.8S）序列对3株绿藻进行了分类学鉴定。依据形态特征,初步判断3株绿藻可能属于衣藻属（Chlamydomonas）。利用ITS（包括5.8S）序列构建系统进化树分析,结果表明,XJU-3、XJU-28与Chlamydomonas zebra的关系较近,XJU-36与Chlamydomonas petasua的关系较近。     

Ca~(2+)在粟酒裂殖酵母细胞周期时相中的作用

以粟酒裂殖酵母(Schizosaccharomyces pombe)为研究材料,研究了Ca~(2+)在细胞周期时相中的作用。当外源Ca~(2+)浓度在0.5-20 mmol/L范围内,随Ca~(2+)浓度增加,细胞增殖速度加快,延滞期逐渐缩短。但SD-Ca（CaCl2省略）并不能终止Sch. pombe的细胞周期。采用缺氮对群体细胞进行同步化,并以EGTA 螯合培养介质中低浓度的Ca~(2+),Sch. pombe 细胞增殖被完全抑制,细胞流式法测定结果表明：细胞周期被终止在G1期。分析认为Ca~(2+) 对Sch. pombe 细胞增殖是必不可少的,外源Ca~(2+)在G1期向S期转化过程中起着关键性的作用。     

金属离子及CTAB对酵母细胞介电行为的影响——相互作用的模型化解析

利用介电谱方法详细研究了Cu2＋、Zn2＋、Cd2＋、Pb2＋、Al3＋、Ni2＋等金属离子以及阳离子表面活性剂CTAB：十六烷基三甲基溴化铵）对典型的真核细胞——酵母细胞介电性质的影响。在时间变化和浓度变化的情况下,对上述体系在40HZ～110MHz宽频范围进行了介电测量,Cole-Cole拟合确定了介电参数,定性讨论了不同试剂的时间和浓度的各种作用效果。通过无作用的对照细胞和有离子作用的作用组细胞10小时内的介电谱图比较发现,Cu2＋、Pb2＋及CTAB对酵母细胞介电行为的影响是以孵化时间依赖的方式发生;对有时间作用的三者选用不同的浓度进行作用,结果发现Cu2＋及CTAB对酵母细胞的作用同样是以浓度依赖的方式进行,而不同浓度的Pb”的作用效果接近。进一步,根据酵母细胞的结构特点采用双壳介电模型,理论计算了相参数,并结合细胞生理学知识对细胞受金属离子或特殊试剂作用后的相参数变化原因给予了解释;给出了金属离子,特别是Cu2＋以及CTAB与酵母细胞作用的可能机制。此外,模拟了实验条件下细胞悬浮液中各组成相参数对介电谱的依存关系,给出了一些有益的暗示：介电增量主要受细胞膜介电常数和细胞体积分数影响;特征频率尼与液泡膜介电常数以及细胞质的电导率等物理参数有关;而液泡内电导率支配高频的弛豫行为。这些模拟将对酵母细胞介电实时监测技术的实现提供基础参考。     

金属离子对蜡蚧菌几丁质酶活力的影响

以蜡蚧菌(Ll)发酵液为材料,经分离纯化获得Ll几丁质酶(EC3.2.1.14)制剂.研究了金属离子对Ll几丁质酶活力的影响.结果表明,K+、Mg2+、Zn2+、Ca2+和Fe3+对几丁质酶活性有明显的促进作用,而Na+和Cu2+完全抑制几丁质酶的活性;Mn2+在低浓度时对酶有激活作用,随着浓度的升高表现出抑制作用;Fe2+和Ba2+的浓度低于0.5 mmol/L时对酶起抑制作用,而高于该浓度时则对酶有激活作用.     

酿酒酵母和粟酒裂殖酵母细胞增殖对Ca^2＋依赖性的比较研究

Under the same experimental conditions, exogenous Ca2+ had no effect on the proliferation of S. cerevisiae, but it could obviously stimulate the proliferation of S. pombe. Ca2+ chelator EGTA had no inhibition effect on the proliferation of S. cerevisiae, but it apparently inhibited the proliferation of S. pombe and the inhibition could be effectively overcome by adding Ca2+. Non-special ion chelator EDTA could inhibit the proliferation of both S. cerevisiae and S. pombe, but the inhibition could not be overcome by adding Ca2+. The results above directly showed that the dependence of the proliferation of the two kinds of yeast on exogeneous Ca2+ was different. The growth rate of S. cerevisiae was about 3 times that of S. pombe and the proliferation of S. cerevisiae was independent on the exogenous Ca2+, which was similar to transformed cells. Therefore, in order to understand the relationship between the disorder of cell cycle and cell transformation, it was very important to study the mechanism of different effects of exogenous Ca2+ on the proliferation of the two kinds of yeast.     

酿酒酵母细胞增殖对Ca~(2+)需求的新证据

本文研究了酿酒酵母细胞增殖对Ca2+需求的证据。结果表明:SD-Ca培养基中外加1mmol/L的Ca2+明显促进酿酒酵母细胞增殖,外源Ca2+浓度在0~20mmol/L范围内变动时,随Ca2+浓度增加,细胞生长到达稳定期的终浓度也越大;5、10mmol/L的EGTA可明显延缓细胞生长的延滞期,但是最终不能抑制细胞增殖;酿酒酵母在SD-Ca培养基中继代培养4次,随增殖代数增加,细胞总钙含量没有明显变化,说明酵母能够在低钙介质中生长可能是因为具有捕捉和富集钙的功能;以Fluo-3作为胞质Ca2+指示剂,通过激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察,发现随胞外Ca2+浓度增加,胞质中游离Ca2+浓度也相应增加。这些证据都揭示了Ca2+在酿酒酵母细胞增殖过程中是必需的。     

Adenylyl cyclase activity of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is not regulated by guanyl nucleotides

The adenylyl cyclase activity of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is localized to the plasma membrane of the cell. The enzyme utilizes Mn2+/ATP as substrate and free Mn2+ ions as an effector. Unlike the baker yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, S. pombe adenylyl cyclase does not utilize Mg2+/ATP as substrate and the activity is not stimulated by guanyl nucleotides. The optimal pH for the S. pombe adenylyl cyclase activity is 6.0. The activity dependence on ATP is cooperative with a Hill coefficient of 1.68 +/- 0.14.     

Effect of Mineral Deficiencies and Other Co-factors on the Aldolase Enzyme Activity of Citrus Leaves

Ca and S deficiencies cause a strong, N, P and Mg deficiencies a slight, and K deficiency an intermediate decrease in the aldolase activity of Eureka lemon leaves. Fe and Zn deficiencies result in a moderate decrease in the activity. Cysteine increases the enzyme activity (approximately 30 %). Opposed to with yeast aldolase, EDTA inhibits the enzyme activity only moderately in control (full nutrient) lemon leaves nor does Zn EDTA restore it. Gel electrophoresis of yeast and lemon leaves' aldolase isoenzymes also exhibited different patterns. Dialysis studies and other reactivation experiments with different ions failed to establish specific metal requirements of the aldolase in the lemon leaves. However, infiltration of Zn into Zn-deficient detached and intact citrus leaves brought about a partial restoration of the enzyme activity. In view of these results, the relationship between the citrus leaf enzyme and the varying types of aldolase enzymes is discussed.     

吩噻嗪类钙调素抑制剂对芽殖酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）和 …

Low concentration of phenothiazines apparently stimulated the proliferation of S. pombe, the cell density incubated for 54 hours by preincubating the cells with 20 mumol/L trifluoperazine (TFP) in the EMM-Ca medium was two times more than the control. The stimulation was more obvious with lowing the concentration of calcium in the culture medium, TFP cooperated and complemented with calcium in stimulating the proliferation of S. pombe. When the original inoculated cell density was 5 x 10(6) cells/ml or during the logarithm period of growth curve, the proliferation of S. pombe wasn't affected by the low concentration of TFP. While when the concentration of TFP was increased to 100 mumol/L, the promotion effect of TFP on proliferation of S. pombe declined obviously and the proliferation of S. pombe was inhibited completely when TFP up to 200 mumol/L. The cell proliferation also could be inhibited by CaM antagonist W7 and W7-agarose, the inhibition was increased with increasing the concentration of antagonist. On the other hand, 20 mumol/L TFP used by the same method as above arrested the cell division cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at a single G2 + M nuclei stage, the cells was penetrated easily by TFP, the fluorescence in cells was very obvious when TFP was 20 mumol/L, but it was difficult to penetrat by TFP in the cells of S. pombe and the Ca2+ influx of S. pombe could be induced rapidly by 20 mumol/L TFP. In this article, the cause of different effects of TFP on cell proliferation of S. pombe and S. cerevisiae was discussed, it was due to the difference of penetration of TFP and stimulation by calcium in the two kinds of cells.     

Role of divalent metal ions in serum complement activity of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)

Treatment of alligator serum with different concentrations of EDTA resulted in a concentration-dependent inhibition of serum-mediated sheep red blood cell (SRBC) hemolysis. This inhibition of serum-dependent hemolysis was observed for other chelators of divalent metal ions, such as phosphate and citrate. Treatment of alligator serum with 5 mM EDTA completely inhibited SRBC hemolysis, which could be totally restored by the addition of 5 mM Ca(2+) or Mg(2+), but not Cu(2+) or Ba(2+). These data indicate a specific need for Ca(2+) and/or Mg(2+) in the serum-mediated hemolysis of SRBCs. Kinetic analyses revealed that the addition of 30 mM EDTA 1 min after incubation of SRBCs with serum resulted in only 30% inhibition of hemolytic activity. However, addition of EDTA as early as 3 min post-incubation resulted in complete SRBC hemolysis. Pretreatment of serum with EDTA inhibited the hemolytic activity, but the activity could be restored in a time-dependent manner by the addition of Ca(2+)or Mg(2+). These data indicate that, as in human serum, the need for divalent metal ions occurs early in the alligator serum complement cascade.     

Inhibition of Na+/K(+)-ATPase and Mg(2+)-ATPase by metal ions and prevention and recovery of inhibited activities by chelators

Kinetics and inhibition of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and Mg(2+)-ATPase activity from rat synaptic plasma membrane (SPM), by separate and simultaneous exposure to transition (Cu(2+), Zn(2+), Fe(2+) and Co(2+)) and heavy metals (Hg(2+) and Pb(2+)) ions were studied. All investigated metals produced a larger maximum inhibition of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase than Mg(2+)-ATPase activity. The free concentrations of the key species (inhibitor, MgATP(2-), MeATP(2-)) in the medium assay were calculated and discussed. Simultaneous exposure to the combinations Cu(2+)/Fe(2+) or Hg(2+)/Pb(2+) caused additive inhibition, while Cu(2+)/Zn(2+) or Fe(2+)/Zn(2+) inhibited Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity synergistically (i.e., greater than the sum metal-induced inhibition assayed separately). Simultaneous exposure to Cu(2+)/Fe(2+) or Cu(2+)/Zn(2+) inhibited Mg(2+)-ATPase activity synergistically, while Hg(2+)/Pb(2+) or Fe(2+)/Zn(2+) induced antagonistic inhibition of this enzyme. Kinetic analysis showed that all investigated metals inhibited Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity by reducing the maximum velocities (V(max)) rather than the apparent affinity (Km) for substrate MgATP(2-), implying the noncompetitive nature of the inhibition. The incomplete inhibition of Mg(2+)-ATPase activity by Zn(2+), Fe(2+) and Co(2+) as well as kinetic analysis indicated two distinct Mg(2+)-ATPase subtypes activated in the presence of low and high MgATP(2-) concentration. EDTA, L-cysteine and gluthathione (GSH) prevented metal ion-induced inhibition of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase with various potencies. Furthermore, these ligands also reversed Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity inhibited by transition metals in a concentration-dependent manner, but a recovery effect by any ligand on Hg(2+)-induced inhibition was not obtained.