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爱玉子花的变异类型及其相关统计分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
该文报道了爱玉子(Ficus awkeotsang)花序中存在变异花的现象, 并通过花序解剖观测及数据统计分析方法, 研究比较雌、雄花序中变异花的类型、不同品系的花序变异率以及单花序中变异花的数量, 了解变异花发育过程、变异花与传粉小蜂之间的相互关系, 以及变异花对爱玉子产量造成的影响。结果表明: 爱玉子变异花在形态上有单生与伞形花序状2种类型, 雌花序中的变异花分布在雌花区和退化花区; 雄花序中的变异花均生长在瘿花区。雌花序中伞形花序状的A型变异花影响传粉小蜂对正常雌花的授粉, 与正常雌花争夺养分和生长空间从而影响正常雌花的生长发育, 大量A型变异花的存在使未授粉的雌花序延迟凋落或挂树不落, 造成养分流失。雌性品系太和6、太7、W13、乐野8、日野20和大洋Z106的花序中A型变异花数量较多, 对产量有一定的影响。除A型外的其它类型的变异花, 由于数量少且结构简单, 或发育后熟, 对传粉小蜂的传粉、产卵以及花序的发育、成熟没有显著影响。无论是雌性品系还是雄性品系, 以扦插苗繁殖方式形成的植株, 其花序变异率高于以实生苗繁殖方式形成的植株。以上研究结果为高产优质爱玉子品系的选育提供了一定的依据, 且对于爱玉子的栽培和推广有着重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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该文报道了爱玉子(Ficusawkeotsang)花序中存在变异花的现象,并通过花序解剖观测及数据统计分析方法,研究比较雌、雄花序中变异花的类型、不同品系的花序变异率以及单花序中变异花的数量,了解变异花发育过程、变异花与传粉小蜂之间的相互关系,以及变异花对爱玉子产量造成的影响。结果表明:爱玉子变异花在形态上有单生与伞形花序状2种类型,雌花序中的变异花分布在雌花区和退化花区:雄花序中的变异花均生长在瘿花区。雌花序中伞形花序状的A型变异花影响传粉小蜂对正常雌花的授粉,与正常雌花争夺养分和生长空间从而影响正常雌花的生长发育,大量A型变异花的存在使未授粉的雌花序延迟凋落或挂树不落,造成养分流失。雌性品系太和6、太7、W13、乐野8、日野20和大洋Z106的花序中A型变异花数量较多,对产量有一定的影响。除A型外的其它类型的变异花,由于数量少且结构简单,或发育后熟,对传粉小蜂的传粉、产卵以及花序的发育、成熟没有显著影响。无论是雌性品系还是雄性品系,以扦插苗繁殖方式形成的植株,其花序变异率高于以实生苗繁殖方式形成的植株。以上研究结果为高产优质爱玉子品系的选育提供了一定的依据,且对于爱玉子的栽培和推广有着重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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人参根系发育形态学的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
人参(Panax qinseng C. A. Meyer)属于直根系植物,有次生构造。一年生苗只具有主根和侧根。二年以上的人参常在根状茎上长出不定根,即人参根系包括主根和不定根及其各级分枝。主根初生木质部为三原型,侧根和不定根及其分枝多为二原型,偶见三原型。根系随参龄的增加而增大。每年末级分枝自基部于休眠前萎缩、脱落,并在萎缩部分的上一级支根内部产生越冬根原基,越冬根原基是翌年形成全部吸收根的基础。一年生人参由中柱鞘产生一圈初生树脂道,由形成层产生一圈(或二圈)次生树脂道,以后次生树脂道的圈数随参龄的增加而每年增加一圈,自第五年开始渐缓。根内淀粉粒含量随发育时期的变化而相应变化,其积累高峰出现在果后期。研究人参根系发育形态学不仅对全面正确认识人参根系具有理论意义,而且对改进人参栽培管理和评价人参质量具有指导意义。 相似文献
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防风为多年生草本植物,直根系。主根和侧根结构相同,初生木质部为二原型。主根中油室数目随着年龄的增长不断增加,第1-2年内,数目增加明显。防风进入生殖生长后,主根的韧皮部与木质部的比例明显减少,根的木质化严重,果期以后根部逐渐腐烂。首次研究了防风根的发育形态学,对防风的栽培管理和评价防风质量具有指导意义 。 相似文献
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野薄荷叶腺毛的发育形态学研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
研究了分布于我国东北部的野薄荷叶表面腺毛的结构和发育。主要腺毛有两种:多细胞盾状腺毛和弯曲单细胞头状腺毛。多细胞盾状腺毛由1个基细胞,1个柄细胞和一个由8-12个分泌细胞构成的头部组成。单细胞头状腺毛由1个基细胞,1个柄细胞和一个分泌细胞头部构成。 相似文献
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二月兰根系发育形态学研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
二月兰Orychopbragmus violaceus(L.)O.E.Schulz为二年生草本植物, 直根系。初生结构为二原型, 次生结构发达, 主侧根结构相同。形成层活动随季节有明显变化, 木质部可见年轮。冬季吸收根不死, 无越冬根原基产生。吸收根连续不断更替, 无明显季节性变化。根内淀粉含量随季节及发育时期的变化而相应变化, 其积累高峰有两个, 分别出现在第一年越冬前及第二年返青后开花前, 不同播期对根系积累营养及第二年植株的生长发育有影响。研究二月兰根系发育形态学不仅对全面正确认识二年生植物根系发育特点有理论意义, 而且对二月兰栽培管理具有指导意义。 相似文献
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本文研究了分布在细叶益母草(Leonurus sibiricus)叶表面三种腺毛的发育过程,在此基础上,对2-细胞头状腺毛、4-细胞头状腺毛和8-细胞盾状腺毛的多样性特征进行了讨论。 相似文献
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爱玉子和薜荔均为桑科榕属植物,与薜荔榕小蜂保持稳定的共生关系,信息化合物在维系榕树与其传粉小蜂的共生关系中起决定性作用。应用Y型嗅觉仪检测两种来源的薜荔榕小蜂对8种单一信息化合物和芳樟醇、苯甲醇和松油醇组成的混合信息化合物的趋向性反应。实验结果表明:3%和5%芳樟醇、5%的苯乙烯、7%苯甲醇、5%和7%松油醇以及7%金合欢醇对两种来源的薜荔榕小蜂均具有显著的吸引作用,7%苯甲酸甲酯对两种来源的薜荔榕小蜂有显著的趋避作用,香兰醛对两种来源的薜荔榕小蜂的行为没有显著的影响,从而表明信息化合物的种类和浓度均显著影响薜荔榕小蜂的选择行为。5%芳樟醇、3%松油醇和3%苯甲醇的混合信息化合物组合对两种来源的薜荔榕小蜂具极显著的吸引作用,信息化合物之间的交互作用极为显著。两种不同来源的薜荔榕小蜂对信息化合物反应的异同,表明两种不同来源的薜荔榕小蜂与各自宿主之间的化学通讯信号传导上存在差异,同时也表明两种不同来源的薜荔榕小蜂之间存在密切的亲缘关系。在榕树接受期花序的挥发物成分中广泛存在并占较大比例的信息化合物(例如芳樟醇),可能与榕小蜂对寄主的远程定位有关,而近距离的专性定位却是依赖于各种信息化合物严格按一定浓度、比例组成的化学图谱。实验结果为榕-蜂共生体系的化学生态学理论研究和爱玉子高产栽培提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Viviane Gonçalves Leite Vidal Freitas Mansano Simone Pádua Teixeira 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2014,174(4):529-550
Flowers of Dipterygeae (Fabaceae, Papilionoideae) exhibit an unusual petaloid calyx. The two adaxial sepals are large and petaloid, and the three abaxial sepals form a three‐toothed lobe. The goal of this study was to elucidate the ontogenetic pathways of this peculiar calyx in light of the floral development of the three genera that comprise the tribe. Floral buds of Dipteryx alata, Pterodon pubescens and Taralea oppositifolia were analysed using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. The order of bracteole and sepal initiation varies among the species. The androecium is asymmetric. The carpel cleft is positioned to the right or to the left, and is opposite the adaxial antepetalous stamen. The peculiarity of the calyx becomes noticeable in the intermediate stages of floral development. It results from the differential growth of the sepal primordia, in which the abaxial and lateral primordia remain diminutive during floral development, compared with the adaxial ones that enlarge and elongate. Bracteoles, abaxial sepals, petals and anthers are appendiculate, except in T. oppositifolia, in which the appendices were not found in bracteoles or anthers. These appendices comprise secretory canals or cavities. Considering that the ontogenetic pathway for the formation of the petaloid calyx is similar and exclusive for Dipterygeae, it might be a potential synapomorphy for the group, with the presence of secretory canals in the appendices of abaxial and lateral sepals and petals. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 174 , 529–550. 相似文献
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爱玉及其传粉昆虫的共生关系 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
爱玉是榕属攀援灌木,其隐头花序中生活着薜荔榕小蜂,爱玉一年两次开花,雌雄株比1:2,雌花序中平均有5503朵雌花。雄花序中平均有6308朵瘿花,自然状态上结实率和成虫瘿率分别为83.52%,51.33%。薜荔榕小蜂一年两代,1只雌蜂进入花序平均可产约600个卵或使1391朵雌花受粉结实,爱玉依赖薜荔榕小蜂传粉,否则不能结实;薜荔榕小蜂是惟一能进入花序的传粉者并依靠爱玉花序得以栖息,二者在形态结构。生理功能上高度互适,生活史上完全吻合衔接。生态策略上紧密协调,构成复杂而又精细的共生体系。 相似文献
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U. POSLUSZNY F.L.S. W. A. CHARLTON D. K. JAIN F.L.S. 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1986,92(4):323-342
Shoots of adult plants of Lilaea scilloides have a sympodial form. Each unit of the sympodium bears a single sheathing prophyll (which is the only kind of foliage leaf produced in the adult) and terminates in an inflorescence. The prophyll subtends the next unit of the sympodium. A further accessory bud can form in association with each unit. This bud repeats the pattern of the main sympodium, giving the plant a tufted habit. Five different kinds of flower can be identified in the inflorescence: a unisexual male flower with a single perianth member and adnate stamen; a bisexual flower, with a single perianth member and adnate stamen, and a single carpel with an anatropous bitegmic ovule; a unisexual female flower with a single perianth member and carpel; a unisexual female flower comprising only a single carpel; and a female flower comprising only a single carpel with a very long filamentous style. The first four kinds occur in the upper part of the inflorescence which is normally elevated on a scape, while the last kind is restricted to the base of the inflorescence. In the position of the basal flowers several variations have been observed in cultivated material. These include branching associated with the basal flowers, which results in the development of additional basal flowers or inflorescences, and even total replacement of a basal flower by an inflorescence or a branching structure bearing flowers. A review of past literature includes a clarification of some persistent errors which have confused the taxonomic position of the plant and the morphological interpretation of the reproductive appendages. 相似文献
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《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(9):1491-1494
The molecular characteristics of polysaccharide obtained by extracting with water from jelly fig (Ficus awkeotsang Makino) seeds were elucidated by measuring the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) and radius of gyration (RG), indicating the molecular expanse, by the light-scattering method.The Mw and RG values of the water-soluble jelly fig polysaccharide were 84–130 × 104 and 240–450 mm, respectively, these values being larger than those of commercial LM pectin and HM pectin. In addition, the Mw and RG values of the water-soluble jelly fig polysaccharide initially increased after being extracted, indicating the highest values 5 hours after the extraction, and thereafter decreased. These changes in the time-course of the molecule reflected well the changes with time in the mechanical characteristics and network structure of the water-soluble jelly fig polysaccharide gel. Exponent α in the expression was found to be 0.37. From these results, the conformation of the water-soluble jelly fig polysaccharide molecule after association by the contained inorganic elements proved to be of globular form rather than a random coil shape as a result of contraction of the molecule. 相似文献
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无花果花芽分化与内源激素含量的关系 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在‘布兰瑞克’无花果花芽分化形态学研究的基础上,对花芽分化期无花果新梢第7或第8节位花芽中的玉米素核苷(ZRs)、脱落酸(ABA)、赤霉素(GA1 3)、生长素(IAA)4种内源激素含量的变化进行了探讨。结果表明,在无花果花芽分化阶段,GA1 3和IAA初期含量较高,后快速下降,后期稳定在较低水平;ZRs和ABA在初期含量较低,后大幅提高,后期稳定在较高水平。可见,较高水平的内源ZRs、ABA和较低水平的内源GA1 3、IAA,以及较高的ABA/IAA、ABA/GA1 3、ZRs/GA1 3和ZRs/IAA比值有利于无花果花芽分化。 相似文献
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《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(2):506-513
Seed storage proteins of plants commonly comprise several groups of multiple isoforms encoded by gene families. From about 300 expressed sequence tag (EST) clones in maturing jelly fig (Ficus awkeotsang Makino) achenes, gene families encoding precursor polypeptides of two storage protein classes, including six 11S globulin isoforms and two 2S albumin isoforms, were identified. Complete sequences encoding the precursor polypeptides of these eight storage proteins were obtained by sequencing the pertinent EST clones that contained full-length cDNA fragments. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the presence of these storage protein isoforms in the extract of jelly fig achenes resolved in SDS–PAGE. The amino acid compositions of the deduced storage proteins indicated that achene proteins in jelly fig are nutritive, for both isoforms of 2S albumin are sulfur-rich, and one of them is also rich in tryptophan. 相似文献