医源性胆管损伤行肝切除术的指征探讨

医源性胆管损伤(IBDI)是腹腔镜胆囊切除术中最常见的并发症。复杂的医源性胆管损伤涉及肝汇流的中断和肝脏血管的损伤,对复杂的医源性胆管损伤患者施行的肝部分切除的目的是去除血管或感染性病变引起的肝实质纤维化和肝萎缩,可以彻底消除胆道狭窄、胆汁淤积及反复发作的胆管炎。肝切除术在医源性胆管损伤的手术治疗中并不是一个标准及必需的程序,但却应被视为对胆囊切除术后胆管损伤外科治疗中的一部分。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术后胆道损伤4例原因分析

目的:总结腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy LC)胆管损伤后处理经验。方法:回顾性分析我院4例LC胆管损伤患者的临床资料,并根据胆管损伤的部位、程度及发现的时间采取不同的手术方式。结果:4例及时发现并处理治愈后出院。结论:LC手术是具有潜在风险的手术,慎重把握手术适应证,术中紧贴胆囊颈解剖,遵循"不轻易断管"[1]及"解剖Calot的前后三角",预防胆管的损伤。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆管损伤一期修复6例体会

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆管损伤后修复的效果.方法 回顾性分析和总结2001年1月~2010年12月在我院行腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆管损伤一期修复6例患者的临床资料.结果 术中即时修复4例,修复方式为胆管修补＋胆管引流术,胆总管端端吻合＋T管引流术,合并胆汁性腹膜炎1例,迷走胆管结扎1例,钛夹压迫胆总管1例,术后均无胆漏,均一期修复成功.6例均随访,无梗阻症状.结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆管损伤后,术中、术后早期发现,及时修复处理,愈合良好.     

腹腔镜行胆囊切除术心理护理护理分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜行胆囊切除术的临床护理。方法:对2012年1月1日至2013年12月31日前来就诊的102例腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者进行分组护理,研究组患者在给予常规护理措施的同时,进行心理、饮食以及康复等全面护理;对照组患者仅给予常规护理。观察并记录两组患者的护理效果进行对比分析。结果:研究组腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者经全面护理后,临床效果优于对照组。结论:腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者经过全面的护理措施预后效果较为满意。     

胆囊切除术医源性胆管损伤的处理

目的:探讨开腹胆囊切除术医源性胆道损伤的诊断、手术时机和手术方式的选择。方法:对18例胆道损伤进行分析总结:分别施行了胆管修补、T管引流术10例,保守治疗2例,Roux-en-Y胆肠吻合术6例。结果:3例术后过早拔管发生吻合口狭窄,再次手术。1例因梗阻性胆管炎并发肝功能衰竭、多器官功能衰竭死亡。1例因胆肠吻合术后并发消化道出血、肝昏迷死亡。余术后良好。结论:尽早发现及正确处理对提高疗效和预防术后胆管狭窄起着决定性的作用。术中发现胆管损伤立即行端端吻合加T管引流;术后数天发现或多次胆道修补术失败者,则宜行规范的Roux-en-Y胆肠吻合术。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者手术前、后护理

目的：探讨经腹腔镜下胆囊切除术患者手术前、后的护理方法。方法：回顾分析2004年2月-2004年12月,我科对98例腹腔镜下胆囊切除术患者进行积极心理护理、术前准备、对术后易出现的并发症进行细致观察和护理的临床资料。结果：通过周到细致的护理,98例患者未发生护理并发症,平均4．0天痊愈出院,随访护理满意率94．5％。结论：术前加强各项准备,突出心理护理;术后有针对性地对可能出现的并发症进行预防性处理和监护,有助于病人术后的康复,提高病人的满意度。     

有上腹部手术史的腹腔镜胆囊切除术探讨

目的:探讨有上腹部手术史的腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)的临床经验。方法:对87例有上腹部手术史的腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:84例顺利完成腹腔镜手术,3例中转开腹手术,其中因气腹建立困难1例,胆囊三角区解剖不清2例,所有病人恢复顺利,行LC术后2～4d出院,中转开腹5～7d出院。结论:只要术前充分准备和评估,灵活选择穿刺孔,有效的腹腔粘连松解,术者具备高超的腔镜操作技术和丰富的胆道手术经验,有上腹部手术史的LC术是安全,可行的。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术临床护理探讨

目的:腹腔镜胆囊切除术临床护理措施及效果进行系统探讨。方法:对2015年2月到2016年2月我院收治的67例腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者的临床资料进行回顾分析,总结本组患者的手术护理情况。结果:本组患者手术均成功完成,术中未出现并发症;术后出现1例胆瘘和1例皮下气肿,均得到及时有效处理,无其他并发症发生;住院时间平均为(5.24±0.63)d;均得到治愈出院,护理满意度为98.5%。结论:在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中,实施系统、全面的临床护理,是手术成功的保证,有助于提高手术效果,促进患者康复,且有较高护理满意度,值得临床推广。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中Rouviere沟引导定位的临床应用价值

目的:研究Rouviere沟引导定位对腹腔镜胆囊切除术的应用价值。方法:选择2010年7月至2014年10月在我院进行胆囊切除术的患者300例,根据手术方式不同将患者分为研究组和对照组,每组各150例。研究组患者在Rouviere沟引导下行腹腔镜胆囊切除术,对照组采用传统定位手术。观察并比较两组手术时间、并发症及手术效果。结果:研究组患者Rouviere沟分型为开放型89例(59.33%)、融合型32例(21.33%)、缺失型29例(19.33%),分型的性别构成存在统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组比较,研究组手术时间较短、并发症少和中转开腹率低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组术后未出现任何病例胆管损伤和手术死亡,手术后恢复较好。结论:Rouviere沟引导定位行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床效果较好,值得临床进一步推广应用。     

腹腔镜胆囊大部分切除术在慢性萎缩性胆囊炎手术中的应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊大部分切除在慢性萎缩性胆囊炎中应用的可行性及安全性。方法:2007年3月～2011年3月,对26例慢性萎缩性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊大部分切除术。结果:24例患者成功实施腹腔镜胆囊大部分切除术,2例中转开腹,无死亡患者,手术时间为30~170 min,平均103 min,术中出血5~70 mL,平均45 mL。平均住院时间3～11天,平均6.46天。随访3月～36月,未见与手术有关的并发症。术后胆漏1例,经保守治疗治愈。结论:在慢性萎缩性胆囊炎手术中,腹腔镜胆囊大部分切除术可简化手术,降低手术风险,可以获得腹腔镜胆囊切除术相似的疗效。     

急性胰腺炎患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术的时机研究

目的:探讨急性胰腺炎胆囊切除术的有效性及时机。方法:分别对患有急性胰腺炎而进行腹腔镜胆囊切除的38例患者的临床信息进行了研究。结果:首先对38例病人进行了3~15天非手术的保守治疗,当临床症状和表征基本消失,血、尿中的淀粉酶接近正常水平时,进行胆囊切除。手术时间为30分钟到90分钟(平均时间60分钟),手术中无转化和严重并发症症状发生。对这38例病人随访6到56周后无复发现象发生。结论:当临床症状和表征基本消失,血、尿中的淀粉酶接近正常水平时,急性胰腺炎胆囊切除术是有效且可行的。在中国患有急性胰腺炎的患者中,进行腹腔镜胆囊切除的占50%~70%[1]。胆结石治疗取决于患者胰腺炎的严重性,及患者是否患有梗阻性黄疸。对于非梗阻性胰腺炎的患者,早期是否要进行明确的手术治疗尚无定论。我院患有急性胰腺炎的38例患者进行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(2004年2月到2009年4月之间)后取得了满意的效果。详情如下。     

左旋多巴/ 卡比多巴联合恩他卡朋治疗帕金森病的临床研究

目的:观察左旋多巴/卡比多巴联合恩他卡朋(levodopa/carbidopa combined with entacapone,LC+E)治疗帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)的临床效果。方法:选择我院2013年1月~2014年6月收治的112例PD患者,随机分为两组。其中对照组52例采用左旋多巴/卡比多巴(LC)治疗,观察组60例采用左旋多巴/卡比多巴联合恩他卡朋(LC+E)治疗。观察并比较两组治疗前后帕金森病评分量表(Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale,UPDRS)的评分变化情况。结果:与治疗前比较,治疗后两组UPDRS-II日常生活能力评分,UPDRS-III运动能力评分显著下降,而UPDRS-VI SCHWABENGLAND日常活动能力评分显著上升,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组各项变化情况比对照组明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组UPDRS-I精神、行为、情绪和Hoehn与Yahr分级均无显著改善,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:左旋多巴/卡比多巴联合恩他卡朋可明显缓解PD症状,疗效优于左旋多巴/卡比多巴治疗,且安全性高,值得临床推广。     

Combination of two pseudoaneurysms in a patient 6 years after ascending aorta and aortic valve replacement

BACKGROUND: We report successful treatment of a patient 6 years after ascending aorta and aortic valve replacement suffering from a combination of two pseudoaneurysms. The first of them originated from the coronary ostial suture line and the second pseudoaneurysm originated from the distal suture line. METHODS: We performed re-replantation of the left main trunk to the prosthesis and then we resected the pseudoaneurysm originating from the distal suture line and we replaced the entire aorta by a vascular graft. RESULTS: The postoperative convalescence was uneventful, the patient was discharged two weeks after the surgery. The patient is currently in a very good condition one year after the surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Coronary ostial pseudoaneurysm in patients after ascending aorta and aortic valve replacement with the use of "button technique" is a quite rare situation. The combination of two pseudoaneurysms originating from different suture lines in one patient seems to be unique in literature reviews.     

不同浓度桦木酸对人胃癌MGC-803细胞自噬的影响

目的: 本研究利用不同浓度桦木酸处理人胃癌MGC-803细胞,以探究其对细胞自噬的影响。方法: 将人胃癌MGC-803细胞分为4组,每组3个复孔,对照组不加桦木酸处理,其余三组分别加入终浓度为10、20、30 mg/L桦木酸。桦木酸处理细胞48 h后,qRT-PCR检测桦木酸对人胃癌MGC-803细胞自噬相关基因mRNA表达的影响。Western blot检测药物处理细胞自噬相关基因的蛋白表达。利用免疫荧光检测药物处理后MGC-803细胞内LC3蛋白的胞内定位及表达。结果: 与对照组相比,在10～30 mg/L浓度范围内,桦木酸处理的人胃癌MGC-803细胞LC3、Beclin-1 mRNA的表达明显升高(P＜0.05),Beclin-1、LC3-Ⅱ蛋白的表达显著升高(P＜0.05),LC3-Ⅰ蛋白的表达明显降低(P＜0.05),其中30 mg/L处理组表现最佳。此外,桦木酸还可诱导MGC-803细胞LC3蛋白在细胞质内形成点状聚集。结论: 在10～30 mg/L浓度范围内,桦木酸能诱导人胃癌MGC-803细胞发生自噬。     

The influence of ethylenediaminetetraacetate on white skeletal muscle myosin.

Myosin from rabbit white skeletal muscle was treated with 10 mM EDTA in 150 mM phosphate buffer. After precipitation of myosin by dialysis against a 14-fold volume of water, EDTA-treated myosin, myosin before treatment and the supernatant from the treatment of myosin with EDTA were examined on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gels by electrophoresis. It has been found that the quantity of LC2 light chains diminished after treatment with EDTA, and the supernatant contained the LC2 light chains. Treatment of myosin with EDTA in the presence of Mg2+ does not change the stoichiometry of the LC2 light chain and the supernatant is free from LC2 light chains. The treatment of myosin with p-chloromercuri-benzoate leads to dissociation of the same amount of LC2 light chains. It is suggested that divalent cations and thiol groups are engaged in the attachment of LC2 light chain to the myosin molecule.     

Understanding the culture of prescribing: qualitative study of general practitioners’ and patients’ perceptions of antibiotics for sore throats

Objectives: To better understand reasons for antibiotics being prescribed for sore throats despite well known evidence that they are generally of little help. Design: Qualitative study with semi-structured interviews. Setting: General practices in South Wales. Subjects: 21 general practitioners and 17 of their patients who had recently consulted for a sore throat or upper respiratory tract infection. Main outcome measures: Subjects’ experience of management of the illness, patients’ expectations, beliefs about antibiotic treatment for sore throats, and ideas for reducing prescribing. Results: Doctors knew of the evidence for marginal effectiveness yet often prescribed for good relationships with patients. Possible patient benefit outweighed theoretical community risk from resistant bacteria. Most doctors found prescribing “against the evidence” uncomfortable and realised this probably increased workload. Explanations of the distinction between virus and bacterium often led to perceived confusion. Clinicians were divided on the value of leaflets and national campaigns, but several favoured patient empowerment for self care by other members of the primary care team. Patient expectations were seldom made explicit, and many were not met. A third of patients had a clear expectation for antibiotics, and mothers were more likely to accept non-antibiotic treatment for their children than for themselves. Satisfaction was not necessarily related to receiving antibiotics, with many seeking reassurance, further information, and pain relief. Conclusions: This prescribing decision is greatly influenced by considerations of the doctor-patient relationship. Consulting strategies that make patient expectations explicit without damaging relationships might reduce unwanted antibiotics. Repeating evidence for lack of effectiveness is unlikely to change doctors’ prescribing, but information about risk to individual patients might. Emphasising positive aspects of non-antibiotic treatment and lack of efficacy in general might be helpful.

Key messages

• Doctors know that antibiotics do not help most sore throat sufferers but try not to jeopardise relationships with patients over this issue
• Patients’ expectations are seldom explicit, and satisfaction is not necessarily related to receiving an antibiotic: information and reassurance are sometimes more important
• Consulting techniques that make expectations explicit, preserve relationships, and facilitate acceptable management are important
• Opportunities for empowering patients who are not acutely ill could be better used, and emphasising positive aspects of non-antibiotic treatment, especially in children, could be fruitful
• Risks to individuals from unnecessary antibiotics (rather than trial evidence for marginal benefit) should be emphasised

     

急性胰腺炎患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术的时机研究

目的：探讨急性胰腺炎胆囊切除术的有效性及时机。方法：分别对患有急性胰腺炎而进行腹腔镜胆囊切除的38例患者的临床信息进行了研究。结果：首先对38例病人进行了3-15天非手术的保守治疗,当临床症状和表征基本消失,血、尿中的淀粉酶接近正常水平时,进行胆囊切除。手术时间为30分钟到90分钟（平均时间60分钟）,手术中无转化和严重并发症症状发生。对这38例病人随访6到56周后无复发现象发生。结论：当临床症状和表征基本消失,血、尿中的淀粉酶接近正常水平时,急性胰腺炎胆囊切除术是有效且可行的。在中国患有急性胰腺炎的患者中,进行腹腔镜胆囊切除的占50％～70％。胆结石治疗取决于患者胰腺炎的严重性,及患者是否患有梗阻性黄疸。对于非梗阻性胰腺炎的患者,早期是否要进行明确的手术治疗尚无定论。我院患有急性胰腺炎的38例患者进行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（2004年2月到2009年4月之间）后取得了满意的效果。详情如下。     

类风湿关节炎前足矫形术后跖骨痛原因分析

目的:探讨类风湿性关节炎前足矫形术后跖骨痛的病因分析,以期采取相应的应对措施,以改善类风湿性关节炎前足矫形手术的手术效果,提高患者的满意度。方法:本院自2009年6月至2014年6月5年间行类风关前足矫形术204例256足,其中术后出现跖骨痛的44例46足,随访术后出现跖骨痛的时间、部位以及处理措施的效果和预后,并分析其出现原因。结果:44例患者中11例11足接受了再次手术治疗,7例术后患者跖骨痛消失,4例患者术后仍残留疼痛,2例接受足垫治疗,2例接受了第3次手术,术后疼痛消失。32例34足未接受再次手术,行矫形足垫治疗,1例患者失随访。结论:术后残留跖骨痛是类风湿关节炎前足矫形术常见的术后并发症,大多数患者可通过矫形鞋垫缓解疼痛,少数需要再次手术治疗。     

Evaluation of the naturally-derived insecticide spinosad against Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae in septic tank water in Antalya, Turkey.

The naturally-derived insecticide spinosad (Conserve SC) was evaluated against larval Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) under laboratory and field conditions in Antalya, Turkey. Laboratory bioassays showed that the 24 h LC50 and LC90 against late 3rd and early 4th instars were estimated at 0.027 and 0.111 parts per million, respectively, while adult emergence was eliminated at concentrations above 0.06 ppm. Larval mortality from septic tanks that were treated with spinosad at rates of 25, 50, 100, and 200 g ai/ha ranged between 22 to 78% 1 day after application. At 7 days post-treatment, larval mortality ranged from 2 to 50% and at 14 days mortality was <10% for all treatments. Larval bioassays of the water from those septic tanks treated at 100 and 200 g ai/ha resulted in an elimination of Cx. pipiens larvae 7 days after treatment. After this time, larval reduction declined to 79 and 83%, respectively, 14 days after treatment. Larval reduction in septic tanks treated at the two lowest rates (i.e. 25 and 50 g ai/ha) ranged from 14 to 74% during the 14-day study. These results indicated that spinosad can be considered an effective larvicide for treatment of septic tanks against Cx. pipiens.