黄颡鱼染色体的C-带、Ag-NORs、荧光带和复制带显带的研究

采用Giemas染色、C-带、Ag-NORs、荧光染色和复制带显带的技术对黄颡鱼染色体进行了研究。结果表明, 黄颡鱼只有部分的染色体呈现阳性C-带, 可分为三类, 其中NORs区是染色最深、染色面积最大的区域, 为深染居间C-带。其Ag-NORs位于m5q末端。CMA3染色显示 NORs区呈现出明亮的荧光。中复制染色体上着丝粒区、端粒区和居间区浅染。发现核仁缢痕、深染居间C-带、Ag-NORs、CMA3明亮区和中复制带浅染NORs区位置基本一致, C-带阳性区和中复制带浅染区具有对应性。 Abstract　Metaphase chromosomes of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco were analyzed by means of Giemsa staining, C-banding, Ag-NORs, fluorochrome staining and replication banding. Only parts of chromosomes showed C-band positive, the C-band heterochromatin was located in three regions. The NORs-bearing chromosomes had the largest and strongest C-bands. The long arms of chromosome pair 5 were the regions showing positive labeling with Ag-staining. Fluorochrome CMA3positively stained the NORs. In mid-period, negative replication bands were located in the centromere, the terminal and interstitial regions of the chromosomes. The distributions of secondary ?constri-ctions, positive C-bands, Ag-NORs, positive fluorescence bands and negative replication bands of mid-period were coincident.     

黄颡鱼染色体的C─带、Ag—NORs、荧光带和复制带显带的研究

采用Giemas染色、C─带、Ag—NORs、荧光染色和复制带显带的技术对黄颡鱼染色体进行了研究。结果表明,黄颡鱼只有部分的染色体呈现阳性C─带,可分为三类,其中NORs区是染色最深、染色面积最大的区域,为深染居间C─带。其Ag－NORs位于m5q末端。CMA3染色显示NORs区呈现出明亮的荧光。中复制染色体上着丝粒区、端粒区和居间区浅染。发现核仁缢痕、深染居间C─带、Ag—NORs、CMA3明亮区和中复制带浅染NORs区位置基本一致,C─带阳性区和中复制带浅染区具有对应性。     

准噶尔雅罗鱼染色体核型及带型的初步研究

以肾细胞作材料,采用秋水仙素-低渗-空气干燥法、Ag-NORs、C-带和G-带显带技术对准噶尔雅罗鱼(Leuciscus merzbacheri)染色体进行了研究。结果表明:(1)准噶尔雅罗鱼2n=50,核型组成为18m+14sm+6st+12t,NF=82,没有异型性染色体分化。(2)Ag-NORs的数目在不同的细胞中表现出多态性,数目为1～2个,出现1个Ag-NORs的频率最低(10%),出现2个的频率最高(70%);Ag-NORs主要出现在m1对和m4对同源染色体上;未发现有Ag-NORs联合的现象。(3)准噶尔雅罗鱼的染色体均呈现C-带阳性,可分为着丝粒C-带和端粒C-带。(4)同源染色体上G-带带纹基本一致,其带纹在每对染色体上的数目及分布具有明显特征性。     

小山蛙和中国雨蛙的核型及其C—带和银染的研究

采用骨骼细胞直接制备染色体标本法和BSG及Ag-NORs显带技术,研究了小山蛙(Rana minimus)和中国雨蛙(Hyla chinensis)的常规核型、C-带和Ag-NORs。小山蛙2n=26,有5对大型和8对小型染色体。第6对染色体短臂近着丝点处具次缢痕,并为C-带染色阳性,银带显示此次缢痕处,即是标准NORs。C-带显现于几乎所有染色体的着丝点区,插入型C-带少且弱,无端位带。中国雨蛙2n=24,有6对大型和6对小型染色体。次缢痕在第10对染色体长臂上,亦为C-带染色阳性,并与银染显示的标准NORs相一致。C-带分析表明,亦以着丝点C-带为主,插入型C-带少,无端位带。本文初步讨论了蛙科和雨蛙科的核学特征以及它们间的演化关系。     

红点齿蟾的核型、Ag-NORs和C-带的研究

对红点齿蟾Oreolalax rhodostigmatus的核型、Ag-NORs与C-带进行了研究,结果表明,2n＝26＝20m 6sm,NF＝52,一对Ag-NORs位于No.6染色体长臂上,各号染色体均具着丝粒区C-带,将红点齿蟾的核型、Ag-NORs、C-带与同属的几种齿蟾进行了比较.     

河南花背蟾蜍的核型、C-带和Ag-NORs研究

利用骨髓细胞蒸汽固定法制备染色体标本,研究了分布于河南新乡的花背蟾蜍(Bufo raddei)的核型、C-带和Ag-NORs。结果表明：河南产花背蟾蜍体细胞染色体数为22条,核型公式为2n=22(20m 2sm),全部为中部或亚中部着丝点染色体,NF=44。Ag-NORs具有多态现象。C-带核型显示22条染色体的着丝点均正染,No．1染色体近着丝粒处有不恒定插入型C-带,No．4染色体具有恒定近端部插入型C-带,随体部位被正染的仅占所观察细胞的15％。     

哀牢蟾蜍和新疆绿蟾蜍的核型、C-带和Ag-NORs

本文报道了云南的哀牢蟾蜍和新疆绿蟾蜍的核型、C-带和Ag-NORs。新疆绿蟾蜍2n=44(36M+8SM),NF=88,除Nos.7,8,13,14四对是SM外,其余诸对均为M,一对随体和Ag-NORs位于12q ter,C-带位于全部染色体的着丝点区域,随体位置也显示C-带,并有少数不稳定的端位和插入型C-带。推测它可能是来自欧洲绿蟾蜍的老四倍体类型。哀牢蟾蜍2n=22(20M+2SM),NF=44,其中只有No.7为SM,一对Ag-NORs和随体位于6q ter,但该区域不着染C-带;全部染色体的着丝点显示不同程度的C-带正染;本种未发现与性别相关的异形染色体。最后,文中讨论了蟾蜍属的核型演化机制。     

黄鳝染色体Ag—NORS多态性的研究

采用PHA活体处理直接制片,对黄鳝染色体进行Giemsa染色、C-带及Ag-NORs等相继系列研究。结果发现,黄鳝的染色体Ag-NORs具有明显的个体特异性的数目多态、分布多态和形态多态现象。11尾被检测个体中,多态特征可分为4种类型。位于第3或第7号染色体臂内的次缢痕是Ag-NORs所在的区域,该区域分布有大量的结构异染色质,即Ag-NORs与C-带强阳性呈现严格的同步对应。本文根据实验结果,对黄鳝AS-NORs多态性的发生机制及其与结构异染色质的关系进行了探讨。     

大蹄蝠的核型分析

研究了大蹄蝠的核型、C-带和Ag-NORs。大蹄蝠的染色体数目是2n=32,NF=60,No.8染色体上有一明显的次缢痕,大蹄蝠有丰富的结构异染色质,主要以着丝粒带的形式存在;且有若干对染色体部分或全部异染色质化;一对Ag-NORs稳定地出现于No.8染色体。     

牡丹染色体的Ag-NORs和Giemsa C带的研究

本文首次报道了紫斑牡丹和栽培牡丹5个重要品种的Ag-NORs和Giemsa C带带型。所有材料的核型组成均为2n=2x=10=6m+2sm+2st。多数材料具6个Ag-NORs,但在染色体上的分布位点不同。C带的差别主要表现在第1、2、3对染色体上。以上两种核学特征,具有品种的特异性。分带所显示的端(T)带和Ag-NORs的数目及分布基本一致。牡丹染色体的端带,本质上是N带;常规染色所显示的所谓随体,实际上是瑞部核仁组成区(NORs)。此外,对牡丹的细胞学研究技术进行了讨论。     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Potential Compounds for Oral Cancer Treatment: Resveratrol,Nimbolide, Lovastatin,Bortezomib, Vorinostat,Berberine, Pterostilbene,Deguelin, Andrographolide,and Colchicine

Oral cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in South-Asian countries. There are very limited treatment options available for oral cancer. Research endeavors focused on discovery and development of novel therapies for oral cancer, is necessary to control the ever rising oral cancer related mortalities. We mined the large pool of compounds from the publicly available compound databases, to identify potential therapeutic compounds for oral cancer. Over 84 million compounds were screened for the possible anti-cancer activity by custom build SVM classifier. The molecular targets of the predicted anti-cancer compounds were mined from reliable sources like experimental bioassays studies associated with the compound, and from protein-compound interaction databases. Therapeutic compounds from DrugBank, and a list of natural anti-cancer compounds derived from literature mining of published studies, were used for building partial least squares regression model. The regression model thus built, was used for the estimation of oral cancer specific weights based on the molecular targets. These weights were used to compute scores for screening the predicted anti-cancer compounds for their potential to treat oral cancer. The list of potential compounds was annotated with corresponding physicochemical properties, cancer specific bioactivity evidences, and literature evidences. In all, 288 compounds with the potential to treat oral cancer were identified in the current study. The majority of the compounds in this list are natural products, which are well-tolerated and have minimal side-effects compared to the synthetic counterparts. Some of the potential therapeutic compounds identified in the current study are resveratrol, nimbolide, lovastatin, bortezomib, vorinostat, berberine, pterostilbene, deguelin, andrographolide, and colchicine.     

New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Stenotrachelidae, Oedemeridae, Meloidae, Myceteridae, Boridae, Pythidae, Pyrochroidae, Anthicidae, and Aderidae

We report 19 new species records for the faunal list of Coleoptera in New Brunswick, Canada, six of which are new records for the Maritime provinces, and one of which is new Canadian record. We also provide the first recent records for five additional species in New Brunswick. One new species of Stenotrachelidae, Cephaloon ungulare LeConte, is added to the New Brunswick faunal list. Additional records are provided for Cephaloon lepturides Newman, as well the first recent record of Nematoplus collaris LeConte. Two species of Oedemeridae, Asclera puncticollis (Say) and Asclera ruficollis (Say), are newly reported for New Brunswick, and additional locality and bionomic data are provided for Calopus angustus LeConte and Ditylus caeruleus (Randall). The records of Ditylus caerulus are the first recent records for the province. Three species of Meloidae, Epicauta pestifera Werner, Lytta sayi LeConte, and Meloe augustcollis Say are reported the first time for New Brunswick; Epicauta pestifera is newly recorded in Canada. Lacconotus punctatus LeConte and the family Mycteridaeis newly recorded for New Brunswick. The first recent records of Borus unicolor Say (Boridae) are reported from the province. One new species of Pythidae, Pytho siedlitzi Blair, and the first recent records of Pytho niger Kirby are added to the faunal list of New Brunswick. Three species of Pyrochroidae are newly reported for the province, including Pedilus canaliculatus (LeConte) and Pedilus elegans (Hentz), which are new for the Maritime provinces. Five species of Anthicidae and the first recent record of Anthicus cervinus LaFerté-Sénectére are newly reported for New Brunswick. Anthicus melancholicus LaFerté-Sénectère, Sapintus pubescens (LaFerté-Sénectère), Notoxus bifasciatus (LeConte), and Stereopalpus rufipes Casey are new to the Maritime provinces faunal list. Ambyderus granularis (LeConte) is removed from the faunal list of the province. Three species of Aderidae, Vanonus huronicus Casey, Zonantes fasciatus (Melsheimer), and Zonantes pallidusWerner, are newly recorded for New Brunswick; Zonantes fasciatus and Vanonus huronicus are new for the Maritime provinces' faunal list. Collection data, bionomic data, and distribution maps are presented for all these species.