彩色植物在城市中的发展前景

介绍了彩叶植物的概念和分类,归纳说明了彩叶植物的应用原则、方式和前景,以为彩叶植物在园林绿化中的应用提供借鉴。     

彩叶植物新成员

在园林绿化中,通常群植一些彩叶植物作色块或色带,也有将彩叶植物作为垂吊景观,植于篱垣、绿廊、山石或堡坎等处。另外,盆栽彩叶植物用于室内悬垂绿化或窗檐绿化,亦具极佳的观赏效果。为此,本文将介绍几种新优彩叶植物,以供广大读者选择。 一、花叶蔓长春花夹竹桃科,蔓长春花属。常绿半木质地被植物,茎细长,营养枝匍匐地面生长,开花枝直立,高30—40厘米。叶对生,阔卵形或椭圆形,长3—7厘米,绿色的叶片具淡黄白色斑点;花单生叶腋,花冠漏斗状,蓝紫色,径约2.5厘米;蓇葖果双生,直立,花期5—6月。原产欧洲,喜温暖湿润,半阴环境,适应性强,生长快…     

福建泉州市彩叶植物种类及其应用

彩叶植物因其叶色丰富、观赏性高,在园林绿化中占有重要地位。本文对福建泉州市彩叶植物种类及应用现状进行调查研究,并对彩叶植物的引种与应用提出建议。     

彩叶植物叶片呈色分子机制研究进展

彩叶植物叶片呈现不同的颜色主要是受遗传因素和外部环境的共同作用,揭示彩叶植物叶片呈色机制对选育彩叶植物新品种和彩叶植物的应用推广具有重要理论和实践意义。目前对彩叶植物呈色机制的研究主要集中于叶片中色素变化、光合特性、叶片结构和环境条件等方面。该文主要対近年来有关彩叶植物叶片中叶绿素代谢途径、类胡萝卜素代谢途径、次生代谢途径、光合作用和叶绿体发育相关结构基因和转录因子调控机制的研究进展进行综述,并对以后的研究方向进行了展望,为培育彩叶植物新品种提供了理论基础,也为人工调控叶色以及叶色的定向遗传改良提供了参考。     

南京城市绿地地被植物应用的现状与建议

通过对南京城市公园、广场、道路、居民区、单位附属绿地等绿地地被植物种类及其应用的调查,表明地被植物在南京城市绿地的应用已得到重视,已用地被植物种类较为丰富,目前应用地被植物178种,隶属62科125属;分析了南京市应用地被植物存在的问题,提出了在南京城市绿地进一步科学应用地被植物的建议.     

新乡太行山区木本彩叶植物资源

概括总结了新乡太行山区的木本彩叶植物资源总量、资源种类、观赏价值和开发潜力,描述了其中几种重要的木本彩叶植物,给新乡木本彩叶植物资源的开发利用提供参考.     

吉安市野生地被植物资源及其园林应用综合评价

通过对吉安市典型山地野生地被植物资源进行实地调查,在初步确定具有良好观赏价值的87种野生地被植物基础上,采用线性加权综合法数学模型对吉安市野生地被植物作了综合评价,重点推荐在吉安地区具有园林应用价值的野生地被植物5种,为野生地被植物的合理开发应用提供科学依据。     

彩叶植物漫谈

近年来我国从国外引进了许多彩叶植物,它们具有花朵一样绚丽的色彩,在春季盛花期过后与绿叶植物相互映衬,极大地丰富了城市的色彩,而且枝繁叶茂,易于形成大面积的群体景观,可在城市绿化中发挥点、线、面的作用,因此成为目前园林绿化美化的新宠。关于彩叶植物的定义,从狭义上说,彩叶植物不包括秋色叶植物,在春秋两季甚至春夏秋三季均呈现彩色,尤其在夏季旺盛生长的季节仍保持彩色不变,一些彩叶裸子植物及亚热带地区的彩叶植物甚至终年保持彩色。它们与传统的仅在秋季变色的秋色叶植物很不相同,且呈现色叶的机理也不尽相同。广义…     

长春市园林地被植物研究

通过对长春市园林地被植物的初步调查研究,报道了长春市常见园林地被植物有95种,隶属76属37科。介绍这些地被植物的园林应用及生态习性,指出了长春市园林地被植物绿化中存在的问题,提出了发展长春市园林地被植物的建议。     

深圳地区8种园林地被植物耐涝性综合评价

为高效筛选雨水花园适用植物,以香彩雀Angelonia salicariifolia等8种园林地被植物为试材,采用盆栽模拟涝渍的方法,研究不同时间淹水胁迫处理后8种植物的观赏性状及生理指标,通过主成分分析与隶属函数法对其耐涝性进行综合评价,并筛选评价植物耐涝性的有效指标。结果表明,8种园林地被植物的耐涝性强弱依次为香彩雀、水鬼蕉Hymenocallislittoralis、龙船花Ixorachinensis、朱槿Hibiscusrosa-sinensis、大花马齿苋Portulacagrandiflora、朱蕉Cordylinefruticosa、巴西野牡丹Tibouchinasemidecandra、四季海棠Begoniasemperflorens;植物叶片的相对含水量、MDA含量、相对电导率与Fv/Fm值是反映植物耐涝性的重要指标。     

荧光原位杂交技术及其在环境微生物生态学中的应用研究

荧光原位杂交技术是一种能够同时对微生物进行定性、定量和研究微生物群落空间分布情况的有力工具。简要介绍了荧光原位杂交技术的方法,并对其在人为创制环境和自然环境中特征性微生物种群及群落生态学中的应用研究进行了讨论,指出了该种技术在应用中存在的问题与缺陷,最后对荧光原位杂交技术在堆肥微生物生态中的应用及与其他方法的组合应用进行了展望。     

现代生物技术在食品检测中的应用

介绍了DNA探针、PCR技术、免疫检测技术在食品微生物及转基因成分检测中的应用。着重阐述了PCR技术的工作原理、应用及其发展前景。同时简要介绍了生物芯片及其在食品检测中的应用前景     

苗期标记性状在我国作物育种及种子纯度鉴定上的研究应用进展

利用苗期标记性状进行作物杂交新品种培育和种子纯度鉴定的技术方法,具有直观准确、简便快速、成本低廉的特点,优越于异地种植、同工酶电泳和DNA分子标记的鉴定方法.本文综述了这种方法应用的技术方法、材料来源、研究内容、应用的类型和成果,指出了存在的问题,对其应用前景进行了展望.     

转基因动物在生物制药工业中的应用

简要论述了转基因动物的概念、制作方法及应用领域,回顾了转基因动物技术的发展及现状,分析了转基因动物与克隆动物的区别.就转基因动物在制药工业和生物医药领域中的国内外研究与开发应用情况进行了阐述,同时展望了转基因动物制药的发展前景及对社会的影响.     

分子标记的发展及其在植物研究中的应用

概述了分子标记的研究进展 ,并对其在植物研究领域中的应用及前景作了介绍和展望 .     

Survival and colonization of rhizobacteria in a tomato transplant system

Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are used on crops most often as seed treatments; however, an alternative application method for transplanted vegetables is mixing PGPR into the soilless medium in which the transplants are grown. Studies were undertaken to compare root colonization and persistence of rifampicin-resistant mutants of PGPR strains Bacillus pumilus SE34 and Pseudomonas fluorescens 89B61, SE34r and 89B61r, on tomato as a function of application method. When the bacteria were incorporated into Promix soilless medium at log 6, 7, and 8 colony- forming units/g, populations of strain SE34r per gram of medium maintained the initial inoculum densities, while populations of 89B61r decreased approximately one to two orders of magnitude by 4 weeks after planting. The populations of each PGPR strain colonizing roots after application into the soilless medium showed a similar pattern at 6 weeks as that at 4 weeks after planting, with higher populations on the whole roots and lateral roots than on the taproots. Strain SE34r but not 89B61r moved upwards and colonized the phyllosphere when incorporated into the soilless medium. Following application as seed treatment, populations of SE34r were significantly higher on upper roots and on the taproot than were populations following application through the soilless medium. Conversely, populations were higher on lower roots and lateral roots following application through the soilless medium than were populations following application as seed treatment. While strain SE34 enhanced plant growth with application both to the medium and as seed treatment, the level of growth promotion was significantly greater with application in the soilless medium. The results indicate that PGPR can be successfully incorporated into soilless media in vegetable transplant production systems.     

分子标记法在昆虫学研究中的应用

比较分析了以Southern杂交技术、PCR及以重复序列为基础的3类分子标记技术。并对各种分子标记的优缺点及其在昆虫学上的应用进行了比较分析,分析探讨了分子生物学在昆虫学中的应用前景。     

胃肠内营养现状及其在消化疾病中的应用

目的：了解胃肠内营养现状及其在消化疾病中的应用。方法：归纳、分析近年国外有关胃肠内营养及在消化疾病中应用的文献。结果：综述了有关不同胃肠内营养途径特点、置管方法、给饲方式以及营养配方选择的新观点,介绍了胃肠内营养在急性胰腺炎、蛋白丢失性肠病以及炎症性肠病等需要特殊营养支持的常见消化性疾病中的应用。结论：胃肠内营养是重症患者以及慢性肠道疾病患者接受营养支持的重要手段,在许多方面优于肠外营养。     

Temporal Variations in Transcutaneous Passage of Drugs: The Example of Lidocaine in Children and in Rats

Because a eutectic mixture of lidocaine and procaine (EMLA cream) is used to treat pain in children who are undergoing venipuncture for screening clinical presurgery laboratory tests, this study was designed to investigate the influence of the time of application of EMLA cream on lidocaine transcutaneous absorption in children. The same phenomenon was also studied in rats. Local application of EMLA (right and left cubital fossae) was performed 1 hour before venipuncture in two groups of children (0.5 g/kg body weight at two sites), at 08:15 or 16.15 h; blood samples were performed 1 h later. Two groups of five rats each received 12 mg/kg lidocaine at 07:30 or 19.30 h by application to the back skin. Blood samples were collected 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, and 4 h after application. Plasma lidocaine levels were assayed according to an immunoenzymatic method (Abbott). Our data indicate that the lidocaine plasma levels were significantly different: higher in the evening for the children or in the morning for the rats. The plasma level of the local anesthetics (LA) represents an elimination route and thus may be inversely correlated to the skin amount of the LA.     

Acid Stream Water Remediation Using Limestone Sand on Bear Run in Southwestern Pennsylvania

Instream limestone sand application is used at many sites in Pennsylvania to neutralize acidic stream water resulting from acid deposition. However, questions remain about the effectiveness of limestone sand in the treatment of acid waters, such as reduced contact time at high flow, remobilization of aluminum, and adverse effects on macroinvertebrates. A 1‐year evaluation of limestone sand application to Bear Run, an acidic stream in southwestern Pennsylvania, was begun in 1999. Another nearby acid stream, Linn Run, served as a control. Water quality during baseflow and episodic acidification events, along with fish and macroinvertebrates, were monitored to evaluate impacts of the sand application. Hydrogen ion (H ⁺ ) concentration and total dissolved aluminum (TDA) were significantly reduced, and acid neutralizing capacity was significantly increased downstream of the limestone sand application compared with the upstream site on Bear Run. These parameters at the downstream sites were also different (∝ 0.10) from the comparable sites on the control stream. TDA and hydrogen ion concentrations were significantly decreased (∝ 0.10) compared with concentrations before the sand application to Bear Run but not on the control stream. No fish were present upstream of the sand application site, and only a few fish were found downstream at the mouth of Bear Run. Standing crop, number of taxa, and Shannon‐Weaver diversity index values indicated that macroinvertebrate populations were negatively impacted 300 m downstream from the sand application and improved at the site 1,600 m downstream. Although water quality was improved on Bear Run, benefits to macroinvertebrates depended on downstream location, and fish populations did not show improvement.