共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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分子标记在猕猴遗传多样性研究中的应用 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
分子标记目前已成为研究遗传多样性的主要工具,为此,简要综述了几种常用的分子标记(RFLPs、RAPD、mtDNA、微卫星DNA、SNPs)的检测方法及其在猕猴种群遗传多样性研究中的应用,为国内猕猴遗传多样性的研究提供参考。 相似文献
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综述了食药用真菌降血脂药物的研究方法、食药用真菌降血脂的机制以及应用前景。食药用真菌从抑制胆固醇的生物合成、阻止胆固醇或胆酸的吸收或促进其排出以及促进脂类代谢等方面发挥降血脂的作用。 相似文献
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DNA分子标记技术及其在植物遗传多样性研究中的应用 总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24
本文阐述了DNA限制性片段长度多态性、DNA指纹图谱、单位点小卫星、单位点微卫星及随机扩增多态DNA等主要的DNA遗传标记技术的基本原理和方法.综述了不同DNA标记的优缺点及其在植物遗传多样性研究中的应用前景. 相似文献
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分子标记在百合属植物遗传多样性研究中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍分子标记技术及其发展概况,并重点论述几种常见分子标记技术如随机扩增多态性DNA(random amplified polymorphism DNA,RAPD)、简单重复序列间区(inter-simple sequence repeat,ISSR)、扩增片段长度多态性(amplified fragment length polymorphism,AFLP)和内转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer,ITS)等的基本原理、技术上的优缺点及其在百合属植物遗传多样性研究中的应用现状,同时对分子标记技术在百合属植物遗传多样性研究中的应用前景进行展望. 相似文献
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本研究从18个叶绿体DNA(cpDNA)分子标记中筛选出3个有效分子标记trnL-trnF、trnH-psbA和RPL16,利用它们对中国黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata(L.f.)Royle)8个居群进行了遗传多样性研究。结果显示,黑藻8个居群40个样本共有12个单倍型,总变异位点数为135个;单倍型多样性指数为0.9064,遗传多样性主要存在于居群间(89.6%)。其中单倍型Hap4同时存在于地理距离相隔较远的陕西汉中(SXHZ)和浙江余姚(YY)居群中。研究结果表明黑藻可以通过无性繁殖的方式快速完成居群扩张,同时,地理隔离和生境差异可能导致居群间基因流较低,奠基者效应和遗传漂变可能对黑藻的遗传结构产生重要影响。 相似文献
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杨晓翠 《植物遗传资源学报》2011,12(5):732-737
该论文利用分子生物学中常用的DNA分子标记对世界各地现存的野生和栽培的啤酒花种质资源遗传多样性研究的应用进展做一综述。通过查阅和研读20世纪90年代以来发表的各类文献进行归纳总结。发现DNA分子标记相比形态学标记和细胞学标记具有结果准确、稳定的特点,常用的分子标记技术有RAPD、RFLP、ISSR、SSR、AFLP、EST等;研究发现北美洲的啤酒花遗传多样性要高于欧洲的啤酒花,基因变异程度也相对较高;野生啤酒花的基因序列具有丰富的基因多样性,可在分子杂交遗传育种中作为一个种质去改善栽培品种的某些不良性状。因此,利用分子标记研究啤酒花的遗传多样性将对啤酒花的优良育种提供理论指导和技术支持,目前较为理想的技术是SSR和AFLP。 相似文献
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《Critical reviews in biotechnology》2013,33(1):74-92
Plant based medicines have gained popularity worldwide due to their almost negligible side effects. In India, the three traditional medicinal systems, namely homeopathy, Ayurveda and Siddha rely heavily on plants for medicinal formulations. To prevent the indiscriminate collection of these valuable medicinal plants and for their proper authentication and conservation, it is imperative to go for sustained efforts towards proper germplasm cataloguing and devising conservation strategies. For this purpose, molecular markers have a significant role, as they provide information ranging from diversity at nucleotide level (single nucleotide polymorphisms) to gene and allele frequencies (genotype information), the extent and distribution of genetic diversity, and population structure. Over the past twenty years, the molecular marker field has completely transformed the meaning of conservation genetics which has emerged from a theory-based field of population biology to a full-fledged pragmatic discipline. In this review, we have explored the transition and transformation of molecular marker technologies throughout these years. 相似文献
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The present investigation on fungal diversity shows that there were rich fungal resources of up to 196 species, belonging
to 41 families and 90 genera, in the Qinling Mountainous Range of central China. The dominant families were Polyporaceae, Russulaceae, Tricholomatacea and Lycoperdaceae, which comprised 107 species, 54.59% of the total species. The dominant genera were Russula, Lactarius, Trametes, Phellinus, Coprinus, Lycoperdon, Suillu, and Calvatia, which consisted of 59 species, 30.09% of the total species. According to the geographical characteristics, the genera were
grouped into: cosmopolitan element (74.98%), pantropical element (3.57%), tropical element (1.02%) and north temperate element
(21.43%), with the cosmopolitan element constituting the majority. Among these, the cosmopolitan and North Temperate Zone
were characteristic of this region. Based on relevant literature review, the primary pharmaceutical action of the medicinal
fungi in Qinling Mountain can be classified as follows: anti-cancer, anti-bacteria, anti-inflammation, relief of muscle rigidity
and activation of collaterals, hemostasis, immunological regulation, as well as nourishing the stomach and tonification which
means enhancing the body system.
Contributed equally to the paper 相似文献
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上海市食用菌重金属污染状况的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文通过对上海不同区域的金针菇、蘑菇、平菇、鸡腿菇及香菇5种常见鲜食用菌进行实地抽样,采用微波消解前处理,电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定食用菌中铅(Pb)、砷(As)、汞(Hg)、镉(Cd)的含量,考察鲜食用菌的重金属污染状况.研究结果表明,不同食用菌中重金属的污染状况随其种类和地域的不同而呈现显著差异.As、Pb、Cd和Hg在食用菌中的平均含量分别为0.177 mg/kg、0.094 mg/kg、0.082 mg/kg和0.004 mg/kg,均低于GB 2762-2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》中的限量标准,说明上海市售鲜食用菌的重金属含量总体上是安全的.但在这5种食用菌中,部分蘑菇样品中的砷残留存在安全风险,样品超标率为27.3%;但进一步研究表明,超标蘑菇样品中无机砷占总砷的比例仅为4.4%~6.3%,最高含量仅为0.370 mg/kg,以无机砷含量替代总砷含量进行考察,则这些样品也是食用安全的.虽然在不同地区的食用菌中,这4种重金属的含量有显著差异,但均低于国标限定值,说明在上海市不同地区出售的食用菌总体上是安全的,可以放心食用. 相似文献
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The present investigation on fungal diversity shows that there were rich fungal resources of up to 196 species,belonging to 41 families and 90 genera,in the Qinling Mountainous Range of central China.The dominant families were Polyporaceae,Russulaceae,Tricholomatacea and Lycoperdaceae,which comprised 107 species,54.59% of the total species.The dominant genera were Russula, Lactarius, Trametes, Phellinus, Coprinus,Lycoperdon,Suillu,and Calvatia,which consisted of 59 species,30.09% of the total species.According to the geographical characteristics,the genera were grouped into:cosmopolitan element (74.98%),pantropical element (3.57%),tropical element (1.02%) and north temperate element (21.43%),with the cosmopolitan element constituting the majority.Among these,the cosmopolitan and North Temperate Zone were characteristic of this region.Based on relevant literature review,the primary pharmaceutical action of the medicinal fungi in Qinling Mountain can be classified as follows:anti-cancer,anti-bacteria,anti-inflammation,relief of muscle rigidity and activation of collaterals,hemostasis,immunological regulation,as well as nourishing the stomach and tonification which means enhancing the body system. 相似文献
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Bamboos are common and useful plants in Japan but little information is available about their endophytes. In this study, 257 fungal strains were isolated from bamboo tissues, and 71 representative strains were characterized by 18S rRNA gene and internal transcriber spacer region sequence analysis. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the fungal isolates were located in Sordariomycetes and Dothideomycetes. Xylariales was the dominant group within bamboos. Several rRNA gene sequences were not similar to any current sequence in the database and might be a novel species or genera that could represent sources of novel biological compounds. These findings reveal that bamboos are a huge reservoir of microorganisms that should be extensively investigated. 相似文献
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拉祜族食疗花卉的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对拉祜族的食疗花卉进行了探讨.结果表明,拉祜族有着丰富的食疗花卉知识,其形成有着特殊的医药和文化背景以及朴素的早期传统民族医药特征;拉祜族民间普遍存在的花卉食疗现象,是对其生存空间内现有食物的自然选择结果,是传统知识的积累使然,是在与各民族相互学习交流中得到启迪而加以利用的结果,具有原住民文化特征,是民族文化多样性的重要组成部分.拉祜族食疗花卉约有53种,分别隶属于28个科,较有特色的花卉包括杜鹃花(Rhododendron spp.)、姜花(Alpinia spp.、 Amomum spp.、 Zingiber spp.)、山茶花(Camellia spp.)、蜜蒙花(Buddleja officinalis Maxim.)等.此外还探讨了拉祜族传统文化与当地自然资源及其生物多样性的关系,认为今天拉祜族聚居地还保留有丰富的森林植被和物种,与他们对自然资源的管理与合理使用有着密切的关系. 相似文献
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