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1.
阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)是最常见的中枢神经系统退行性疾病,其发病机制复杂,至今仍未完全阐明.最近的研究表明,小胶质细胞过度激活、炎症因子的过度产生与AD的发病密切相关.小胶质细胞受体及下游通路的异常调节可导致AD患者及AD实验动物的免疫失衡.天然小分子化合物通过激活小胶质细胞的抑炎受...  相似文献   

2.
阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)是最常见的中枢神经系统退行性疾病,其发病机制复杂,至今仍未完全阐明.最近的研究表明,小胶质细胞过度激活、炎症因子的过度产生与AD的发病密切相关.小胶质细胞受体及下游通路的异常调节可导致AD患者及AD实验动物的免疫失衡.天然小分子化合物通过激活小胶质细胞的抑炎受体,抑制促炎受体或调节Aβ清除受体,可逆转免疫失衡.本文综述了小胶质细胞在AD慢性炎症中的作用机制,并总结天然小分子化合物通过调节小胶质细胞受体及其下游通路在AD免疫稳态中的有益作用.  相似文献   

3.
小胶质细胞的活化与阿尔茨海默病   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统中一种巨噬细胞样吞噬细胞,具有重要的免疫细胞作用。它与阿尔茨海默病(AD)的发生和发展有关,目前认为它可能通过两种机制起作用。其一是伴随着阿尔茨海默病的特征性病理改变,小胶质细胞活化,进而引起局部炎症反应;其二是它参与了β淀粉样蛋白的清除。大量研究结果提示这两个过程是密切联系的,即:β淀粉样蛋白吸引并激活小胶质细胞,活化后小胶质细胞的一部分分泌炎症因子,引起炎症反应;而另一部分则具有吞噬β淀粉样蛋白的作用。关于这方面的研究目前还没有一致意见。  相似文献   

4.
小胶质细胞在阿尔茨海默病中的作用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
近年来,小胶质细胞在阿尔茨海默病发生和发展中的作用成为一个新的研究热点.由于它在该病中的作用具有"两面性"的性质,因此如何平衡两方面之间的关系成为摆在研究者面前的一个重要课题.而突破这一课题的关键在于对β淀粉样蛋白与小胶质细胞相互作用机理的研究.本文主要讨论了各种β淀粉样蛋白与小胶质细胞的相互作用和它们的机理.综述了到目前为止为平衡这两方面作用所作的工作,主要是抗炎性药物和细胞因子作用机理的研究.  相似文献   

5.
阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)是老年人常见的一种神经退行性疾病.目前AD的发病机制还不是很清楚,但大多数学者认为淀粉样蛋白沉秘激活神经胶质细胞所导致的炎症反应是其核心病理机制,其中小胶质细胞是主要的炎症细胞.近期研究表明Toll样受体(Toll-like receptor,TLR)在小胶质细胞的激活过程中发挥着一定的作用.本文主要就近年来AD发病过程中TLR与小胶质细胞之间关系方面的研究进行综述.  相似文献   

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小胶质细胞与阿尔茨海默病   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
蔡志友  晏勇 《生命科学》2008,20(1):95-100
国内外对阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)神经元病理和神经胶质细胞病理机制进行了大量探索,小胶质细胞(microglia,MG)是中枢神经系统的免疫细胞,在致炎因素作用下它被激活成反应性MG,反应性MG既具有保护神经元的作用,也能分泌细胞毒因子、补体蛋白而损害神经元。尽管目前AD发病机理还不清楚,但大多数学者认为β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)沉积激活MG引起的炎症反应是AD的核心病理机制。  相似文献   

8.
星形胶质细胞在脑内数量最多,分布最广,对神经元有营养支持的作用,并且能够调控神经元的活性。越来越多的证据表明星形胶质细胞激活参与阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)的发生和发展。在AD病理情况下,星形胶质细胞在多种因子如β淀粉样蛋白(beta-amyloid,Aβ)和促炎细胞因子的作用下被激活,激活的星形胶质细胞进一步释放一氧化氮(Nitric oxide,NO)和多种炎性因子增强炎症级联反应。功能失常的星形胶质细胞会促进Aβ的产生,减弱对Aβ的摄取和清除,导致Aβ聚集沉积形成老年斑。激活的星形胶质细胞释放的炎症因子还能显著增加神经元内tau蛋白的异常过度磷酸化,产生神经纤维缠结。本文对星形胶质细胞在AD中参与神经变性的功能变化和分子机制进行总结,为星形胶质细胞作为靶点预防及治疗AD提供一定的理论依据。  相似文献   

9.
阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)是一种因蛋白错误折叠、聚积影响神经细胞功能,从而导致认知功能下降、行为异常的神经退行性疾病.小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)中重要的免疫细胞之一,在AD病理过程中,根据其激活状态的不同小胶质细胞发挥神经保护或神经...  相似文献   

10.
姜敏艳  汪旭  郭锡汉 《生命科学》2023,(11):1484-1497
阿尔茨海默病(AD)是最常见的一种神经退行性疾病,具有多因异质性的特点,具体致病原因尚不清晰。小胶质细胞是常驻于中枢神经系统中的巨噬细胞,负责细胞吞噬、突触修剪、能量代谢等。髓系细胞触发受体2 (TREM2)是一种主要存在于小胶质细胞表面的受体,对小胶质细胞的功能稳态至关重要。TREM2 R47H和R62H两个变异体会增加个体晚发性AD风险,该发现使TREM2成为AD领域一个新的研究热点。本文主要围绕小胶质细胞TREM2的结构、表达调控、信号转导、功能及其在AD中的病理学作用等多个方面进行系统性综述,以期在加深理解TREM2的同时,为深入研究小胶质细胞TREM2表达和功能异常在AD发生发展中的作用和分子机制提供参考。  相似文献   

11.
Alzheimer氏病淀粉样前体蛋白的研究进展   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
Alzheimer氏病(AD)是一种发生于老年人群的原发性退行性脑病,其特征性病变为细胞内神经纤维缠绕(NFT)及细胞外老年斑(SP).构成SP的主要成分β淀粉样多肽(βA)为一由淀粉样前体蛋白(APP)剪切而来的分子质量约为4 ku的多肽,其神经毒性可能由其氧化作用和在脂质双层中形成的Ca2+通道所致.APP的功能目前尚未完全明了,可能具有促进细胞粘附、维护突触膜稳定性等功能.APP主要通过两种途径进行加工修饰:一为分泌途径,由一些假定的分泌酶催化;另一为胞内体-溶酶体途径.在形成SP的βA中,较长者比短者更易聚集,因此一些APP突变由于能够释放出更多的较长的βA或者使较短的βA生成量增加而致发家族性AD.一些可能在APP的代谢中起着重要作用的因素,如早衰蛋白的突变,也可通过增加βA的生成量而致发AD.  相似文献   

12.
阿尔茨海默病主要病理学特征是在脑中形成大量的老年斑和神经元纤维缠结以及出现弥漫性脑萎缩.胆碱能系统的失调与阿尔茨海默病的发生机制关系密切.具体表现为基底前脑的胆碱能系统紊乱,胆碱乙酰化酶、乙酰胆碱含量显著减少,以及大量胆碱能神经元退化.胆碱转运体是胆碱能系统中用于转运胆碱进入细胞的关键蛋白体,有三种类型:高亲和力胆碱转运体、胆碱转运体类蛋白及非特异性有机阳离子转运体.近年,很多研究表明胆碱转运体的异常与一系列神经退行性紊乱有关.本文简要综述胆碱能系统中胆碱转运体的生理作用及其在阿尔茨海默病中异常代谢和可能机制的研究进展,以期为防治阿尔茨海默病提供进一步的理论和实验依据.  相似文献   

13.
The formation of cerebral senile plaques composed of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) is a fundamental feature of Alzheimer''s disease (AD). Glial cells and more specifically microglia become reactive in the presence of Aβ. In a triple transgenic model of AD (3 × Tg-AD), we found a significant increase in activated microglia at 12 (by 111%) and 18 (by 88%) months of age when compared with non-transgenic (non-Tg) controls. This microglial activation correlated with Aβ plaque formation, and the activation in microglia was closely associated with Aβ plaques and smaller Aβ deposits. We also found a significant increase in the area density of resting microglia in 3 × Tg-AD animals both at plaque-free stage (at 9 months by 105%) and after the development of A plaques (at 12 months by 54% and at 18 months by 131%). Our results show for the first time that the increase in the density of resting microglia precedes both plaque formation and activation of microglia by extracellular Aβ accumulation. We suggest that AD pathology triggers a complex microglial reaction: at the initial stages of the disease the number of resting microglia increases, as if in preparation for the ensuing activation in an attempt to fight the extracellular Aβ load that is characteristic of the terminal stages of the disease.  相似文献   

14.
为观察脑内β淀粉样蛋白(amyloidbeta,Aβ)沉积对外周血T细胞穿过血脑屏障的影响,通过立体定位仪将Aβ1~42肽注射到大鼠双侧海马(以Aβ42~1反序列肽为对照),实时定量PCR(RT-qPCR)检测发现,Aβ1~42上调了外周血T细胞中巨嗜细胞炎症蛋白(macrophageinflammatoryprotein-1α,MIP-1α)的表达,同时免疫荧光分析显示,脑内的Aβ1~42也引起了脑微血管内皮上MIP-1α受体(CCR5)的表达增加,以及伴随的脑实质内T细胞数量的增加.然而,大鼠腹腔内注射抗MIP-1α中和抗体则阻断了Aβ1~42所致的脑内T细胞数量的增加.提示脑内Aβ沉积能诱导外周血T细胞MIP-1α依赖性迁移入脑.  相似文献   

15.
    
Increasing evidence suggests that physical activity could delay or attenuate the symptoms of Alzheimer''s disease (AD). But the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. To investigate the effect of long-term treadmill exercise on the spatial memory of AD mice and the possible role of β-amyloid, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and microglia in the effect, male APPswe/PS1dE9 AD mice aged 4 months were subjected to treadmill exercise for 5 months with 6 sessions per week and gradually increased load. A Morris water maze was used to evaluate the spatial memory. Expression levels of β-amyloid, BDNF and Iba-1 (a microglia marker) in brain tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry. Sedentary AD mice and wildtype C57BL/6J mice served as controls. The results showed that 5-month treadmill exercise significantly decreased the escape latencies (P < 0.01 on the 4th day) and improved the spatial memory of the AD mice in the water maze test. Meanwhile, treadmill exercise significantly increased the number of BDNF-positive cells and decreased the ratios of activated microglia in both the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus. However, treadmill exercise did not significantly alleviate the accumulation of β-amyloid in either the cerebral cortex or the hippocampus of the AD mice (P > 0.05). The study suggested that long-term treadmill exercise could improve the spatial memory of the male APPswe/PS1dE9 AD mice. The increase in BDNF-positive cells and decrease in activated microglia might underpin the beneficial effect.  相似文献   

16.
目的:探讨p38MAPK抑制剂SB239063对AD模型小鼠认知功能障碍及其脑内β-淀粉样蛋白(beta-amyloid protein,Aβ)表达情况的影响。方法:采用6月龄APPswe/PS1d E9(APP/PS1)双转基因雄性AD模型小鼠及同龄野生型(WT)C57BL/6J小鼠为研究对象,将小鼠随机分为SB239063-WT治疗组、WT对照组、SB239063-APP/PS1治疗组和APP/PS1对照组,治疗组小鼠接受腹腔注射SB239063药物溶液(用3%DMSO生理盐水溶液溶解,给药剂量为15 mg/kg),对照组小鼠接受腹腔注射相应体积的3%DMSO生理盐水溶液,1次/日连续给药6周。采用Morris水迷宫、蛋白质印迹法(Western Blot)和酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)分别评估各组小鼠学习记忆功能、Aβ含量及其相关酶β-位点APP裂解酶1(BACE1)、早老素1(PS1)的表达水平。结果:水迷宫结果显示,与APP/PS1对照组相比,SB239063慢性治疗可以明显缩短APP/PS1小鼠找到隐藏平台所需的潜伏期(P0.01),增加APP/PS1小鼠在目标象限停留时间百分比(P0.01)和穿越原平台区域的次数(P0.01);ELISA结果显示,给予SB239063治疗能够显著减少AD小鼠脑内可溶性Aβ1-42(P0.05)、Aβ1-40(P0.05)和Aβ寡聚体(P0.01)的含量;Western blot结果显示,给予SB239063治疗后APP/PS1小鼠脑内皮层和海马组织中的p-p38MAPK(P0.01)、BACE1(P0.01)、PS1(P0.01)的表达水平明显下降。结论:SB239063可能通过下调p38MAPK的磷酸化水平抑制BACE1和PS1的表达,从而减少Aβ的生成并且改善AD小鼠的学习记忆功能损害,提示SB239063对Aβ所造成的病理损害具有潜在的治疗作用。  相似文献   

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Alzheimer''s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. It is the sixth leading cause of death in old age people. Despiterecent advances in the field of drug design, the medical treatment for the disease is purely symptomatic and hardly effective. Thusthere is a need to understand the molecular mechanism behind the disease in order to improve the drug aspects of the disease. Weprovided two contributions in the field of proteomics in drug design. First, we have constructed a protein-protein interactionnetwork for Alzheimer''s disease reviewed proteins with 1412 interactions predicted among 969 proteins. Second, the diseaseproteins were given confidence scores to prioritize and then analyzed for their homology nature with respect to paralogs andhomologs. The homology persisted with the mouse giving a basis for drug design phase. The method will create a new drug designtechnique in the field of bioinformatics by linking drug design process with protein-protein interactions via signal pathways. Thismethod can be improvised for other diseases in future.  相似文献   

19.

Background

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. There is a consensus that Aβ is a pathologic agent and that its toxic effects, which are at present incompletely understood, may occur through several potential mechanisms. Polyphenols are known to have wide-ranging properties with regard to health and for helping to prevent various diseases like neurodegenerative disorders. Thus inhibiting the formation of toxic Aβ assemblies is a reasonable hypothesis to prevent and perhaps treat AD

Methods

Solution NMR and molecular modeling were used to obtain more information about the interaction between the Aβ1–40 and the polyphenol ε-viniferin glucoside (EVG) and particularly the Aβ residues involved in the complex.

Results

The study demonstrates the formation of a complex between two EVG molecules and Aβ1–40 in peptide characteristic regions that could be in agreement with the inhibition of aggregation. Indeed, in previous studies, we reported that EVG strongly inhibited in vitro the fibril formation of the full length peptides Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42, and had a strong protective effect against PC12 cell death induced by these peptides.

Conclusion

For the full length peptide Aβ1–40, the binding sites observed could explain the EVG inhibitory effect on fibrillization and thus prevent amyloidogenic neurotoxicity.

General significance

Even though this interaction might be important at the biological level to explain the protective effect of polyphenols in neurodegenerative diseases, caution is required when extrapolating this in vitro model to human physiology.  相似文献   

20.
用基因重组方法制备人类β-淀粉样蛋白前体(APP)N端融合蛋白APP28~123,应用荧光光谱和圆二色谱技术观测GM1对APP28~123构象的影响.结果表明:APP28~123与GM1水溶液和含GM1的脂质体孵育后,其荧光强度明显增强,最大发射峰位蓝移20 nm;APP28~123在溶液中的二级结构以α螺旋为主,峰位在208 nm和222 nm,而APP28~123与PC/GM1脂质体或GM1水溶液孵育后,其二级结构虽以α螺旋为主,但摩尔椭圆度(θ)值明显增强. 以上结果表明GM1改变了APP28~123二级结构,提示GM1引起APP分子构象的改变,可能影响APP分子正常生理功能和跨膜转运过程.  相似文献   

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