PEX慢病毒载体构建及其在293FT细胞中的分泌表达

目的 构建含人MMP-9信号肽-MMP-2-PEX片段的重组慢病毒,并在293FT细胞中分泌表达PEX蛋白.方法 利用RT-PCR、基因重组等技术,构建含MMP-9信号肽-MMP-2-PEX片段的重组慢病毒表达载体pBPLV-signal-PEX,在脂质体介导下与包装质粒（pLP1、pLP2）、包膜质粒（pLP/VSVG）共转染293FT细胞,包装产生慢病毒并进行滴度测定.慢病毒感染2931;3＂细胞后,Western印迹法检测293FI＂细胞培养上清中PEX的表达.结果 酶切和DNA测序表明慢病毒表达载pBPLV-signal-PEX构建正确,四质粒共转染293FT细胞成功获得慢病毒;慢病毒感染293FT细胞后,在细胞培养卜清中可检测到PEX蛋白的表达.结论 成功构建了含人PEX的重组慢病毒,在体外有效感染293fT细胞并持续分泌表达目的 蛋白,为进一步研究PEX在肿瘤侵袭与转移中的作用提供实验基础.     

大鼠过氧化物酶体增生因子激活受体γ基因慢病毒表达载体的构建与鉴定

目的：构建大鼠过氧化物酶体增生因子激活受体γ（peroxisomeproliferator-activatedreceptorgamma）基因慢病毒表达载体,获得可供转染的滴度,为进一步研究该基因在肝星状细胞活化（Hepaticstellatecells,HSC）及肝纤维化中的作用机制提供物质基础。方法：大鼠PPAR-γ基因序列进行PCR扩增,与经AgeI酶切后的pGC-FU-3FLAG载体连接产生慢病毒载体表达质粒pGC-fu-3flag-PPARG,转化DH5α,PCR筛选阳性克隆,测序并转入293T细胞Western blot鉴定,而后将pGC-fu-3flag-PPARG,pHelper 1.0,pHelper 2.0三质粒共转染293T细胞,包装成慢病毒,收集上清浓缩病毒测定病毒滴度。结果：DNA测序及Westernblot鉴定证实构建的大鼠PPAR-γ基因慢病毒表达载体pGC-fu-3flag-PPARG正确,浓缩慢病毒悬液的滴度为2×108TU/ml。结论：成功构建携带大鼠PPAR-γ基因的重组慢病毒表达载体。     

大鼠过氧化物酶体增生因子激活受体γ基因慢病毒表达 载体的构建与鉴定

目的:构建大鼠过氧化物酶体增生因子激活受体γ(peroxisomeproliferator-activatedreceptorgamma)基因慢病毒表达载体,获得可供转染的滴度,为进一步研究该基因在肝星状细胞活化(Hepaticstellatecells,HSC)及肝纤维化中的作用机制提供物质基础。方法:大鼠PPAR-γ基因序列进行PCR扩增,与经AgeI酶切后的pGC-FU-3FLAG载体连接产生慢病毒载体表达质粒pGC-fu-3flag-PPARG,转化DH5α,PCR筛选阳性克隆,测序并转入293T细胞Western blot鉴定,而后将pGC-fu-3flag-PPARG,pHelper 1.0,pHelper 2.0三质粒共转染293T细胞,包装成慢病毒,收集上清浓缩病毒测定病毒滴度。结果:DNA测序及Westernblot鉴定证实构建的大鼠PPAR-γ基因慢病毒表达载体pGC-fu-3flag-PPARG正确,浓缩慢病毒悬液的滴度为2×108TU/ml。结论:成功构建携带大鼠PPAR-γ基因的重组慢病毒表达载体。     

靶向ADAM17基因RNA干扰慢病毒载体的构建及慢病毒包装

目的构建靶向ADAM17基因RNA干扰（RNAi）慢病毒载体及包装慢病毒。方法根据人ADAM17mRNA序列设计4个靶序列,合成4对寡核苷酸序列,同时合成1对阴性对照寡核苷酸序列;将以上5对寡核苷酸序列退火后连入pLVTHM质粒,经酶切和测序鉴定。将重组慢病毒质粒转染至A549细胞,以Real-time PCR检测A549细胞中ADAM17 mRNA表达。将干扰效果最佳的质粒载体和包装质粒共转染至293T细胞,包装产生病毒颗粒。以流式细胞术检测重组慢病毒的滴度。结果酶切和测序证实干扰靶序列已被准确克隆到pLVTHM质粒载体。pLVTHM-ADAM17-siRNA1-4均可显著抑制A549细胞ADAM17 mRNA的表达,其中pLVTHM-ADAM17-siRNA4的抑制效果最佳。LV-ADAM17-siRNA4重组慢病毒的滴度为2.16×108TU/ml。结论成功构建了靶向人ADAM17基因RNAi慢病毒载体及包装了重组慢病毒。     

表达CCR5Delta32基因对人外周血单核细胞增殖功能的影响

目的：在人外周血单核细胞（PBMC）内表达CCR5Delta32基因,研究是否对该细胞增殖功能产生影响。方法：构建pLenti-CCR5Delta32慢病毒载体,包装后产生重组慢病毒,将其转染PBMC,荧光显微镜观察转染情况,Westernblot鉴定目的蛋白的表达;分别用植物血凝素（PHA）及破伤风类毒素（TTD）刺激培养经转染的靶细胞,采用MTT比色法测定其增殖功能是否受影响。结果：构建了pLenti-CCR5Delta32慢病毒载体,经包装后产生重组慢病毒,滴度约为5×105TU/mL。将其转染PBMC,观察到约半数PBMC胞浆内有绿色荧光蛋白表达,经Westernblot进一步鉴定为目的蛋白;转染的靶细胞经PHA或TTD刺激培养后,有着与正常PBMC相似的增殖功能。结论：构建了重组慢病毒并将其转染PBMC靶细胞,为获得性免疫缺陷综合征的基因治疗研究奠定了基础。     

用Gateway 系统构建携带Grb2-SH2 基因重组慢病毒载体

目的:构建携带Grb2-SH2基因重组慢病毒载体。方法:把Grb2-SH2基因从合成的工程载体PUC-57中导到入门载体pentr-3C中,再利用LR反应重组到目的载体plenti,通过酶切和测序分析对比验证Grb2-SH2基因后,将plenti-Grb2-SH2质粒利用慢病毒转染系统转染人胚胎肾上皮细胞株293T细胞获得携带Grb2-SH2慢病毒载体。结果:构建的重组质粒经酶切及测序和分析比对鉴定正确,目的基因片段大小约为500bp;该质粒与包装质粒共转染293T细胞获取的慢病毒,转染效率约为90%。结论:成功构建转载质粒plenti-Grb2-SH2及携带Grb2-SH2基因慢病毒载体。     

miR-455慢病毒表达载体的构建与鉴定

目的：构建人源microRNA-455（miR-455）慢病毒载体,并鉴定成熟has-miR-455在细胞内的表达水平。方法：提取siHa细胞中的人基因组DNA,设计并合成人miR-455的上下游引物,PCR扩增目的基因,将其中表达miR-455的结构经酶切后插入慢病毒转移质粒pWPT-GFP,构建成pWPT-GFP-pri-miR-455,在293T细胞中与pMD2G、pSPAX2包装产生慢病毒,并用含慢病毒的上清感染SiHa细胞。结果：测序结果证明插入质粒载体中的miR-455前体序列完全正确,慢病毒载体构建成功并获得相应的慢病毒;重组慢病毒质粒pWPT-GFP-pri-miR-455感染SiHa细胞后上调miR-455的表达近40倍。结论：构建了miR-455的慢病毒载体,并能在293T细胞中表达,产生的慢病毒能成功感染SiHa细胞。为进一步研究miR-455的功能,以及利用慢病毒进行基因治疗奠定了基础。     

携带红色荧光蛋白报告基因的重组腺病毒载体的构建

目的采用体外连接技术构建含红色荧光蛋白(RFP)报告基因的重组腺病毒载体,为基因治疗与基因疫苗研究提供重要工具。方法将pTurbo RFP-N上的含红色荧光蛋白基因片段,经酶切连接定向克隆至转移载体pShuttle上,构成重组质粒pShuttle-TurboRFP-N。用I-CeuI/PI-SceI双酶切重组质粒pShuttle-TurboRFP-N和骨架质粒pH5′040 pkGFP-II,回收目的片段,连接,获得重组腺病毒载体pH5.′040.CMV.RFP-N。将其线性化后,经脂质体介导转染至AD293细胞内包装出重组腺病毒颗粒。通过荧光显微镜观察其在AD293细胞内的包装效率和RFP表达情况。扩增并再次感染AD293细胞检测病毒颗粒感染能力,并测定其生物活性及滴度。结果经酶切鉴定,证明已正确构建重组腺病毒载体AdH5.′040.CMV.RFP-N;经AD293细胞包装成具有感染性的病毒颗粒,并能在真核细胞中高效表达目的基因;扩增纯化后获得重组腺病毒颗粒数为3.6×1012vp/mL,滴度达1×1010pfu/mL。结论成功构建了携带红色荧光蛋白报告基因的重组腺病毒载体,并能够在AD293细胞中高效地表达,为基因治疗与基因疫苗研究提供重要工具。     

携带人二氢叶酸还原酶基因慢病毒表达载体构建及鉴定

目的:构建携带人二氢叶酸还原酶(DHFR)基因的慢病毒表达载体pWPI。方法:采用PCR方法扩增二氢叶酸还原酶cDNA全长,与EZ-T克隆载体连接,HindIII及BamHI-HF限制性内切酶双酶切回收的PCR片段并补平其缺口。慢病毒系统载体使用pWPI系统,采用PmeI酶切载体后回收片段,将其磷酸化,T4酶连接载体与目的基因。表达载体鉴定均采用核苷酸序列测定,重组质粒采用脂质体转染293T包装细胞后获得包装的病毒颗粒。结果:成功扩增二氢叶酸还原酶全长并连接入pWPI载体构建成重组表达载体DHFR-pWPI,重组质粒测序结果显与DHFR基因的同源性达100%,按标准生产程序转染293T后有DHFR基因的表达。结论:成功采用慢病毒载体系统构建了二氢叶酸还原酶重组慢病毒转基因,为探讨DHFR在肿瘤多药耐药过程中的分子机理奠定基础。     

Rates of amino acid change in the envelope protein correlate with pathogenicity of primate lentiviruses

A spectrum of pathogenicity has been observed for primate lentiviruses in their natural hosts. For example, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a potent etiologic agent for AIDS in man, whereas there is no evidence to date which indicates that simian immunodeficiency virus from African green monkeys (SIVAGM) causes immunodeficiency in AGM. We measured the relative rates of amino acid change, as the ratio of the number of nonsynonymous to synonymous (silent) nucleotide substitutions, for six primate lentiviruses evolving in their respective hosts. These rates for the external envelope glycoprotein (gp120) and gag coding sequences are 2–3 times higher for pathogenic HIV-1 and SIV..ac (macaque) than for minimally pathogenic SIVAGM and SIVsn,m (sooty mangabey), and intermediate for HIV-2. We speculate that the increased rates of nonsynonymous changes in gp120 and gag coding sequences are due to viral escape from immune surveillance and are indicative of higher immunogenicity of these proteins in their hosts. Based on these results and available experimental data, we conclude that there is a positive correlation between lentiviral pathogenicity and immunogenicity of the Env and Gag proteins in a given host. This hypothesis is consistent with recent data suggesting that immune system activation or autoimmunity induced by viral antigens may be important in the pathogenesis of AIDS.Correspondence to: E.G. Shpaer     

Nonhuman primates and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a union of necessity

Because of the close phylogenetic relationship, nonhuman primates are highly susceptible to human pathogens, including infection of chimpanzees by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of AIDS. This, and the existence of a highly related simian virus, SIV, which causes an AIDS-like disease in macaques, emphasizes the continued importance of using nonhuman primates as model systems for identifying and developing prophylaxis and therapy for infectious agents and, in particular, for fighting the pandemic AIDS.     

Host gene evolution traces the evolutionary history of ancient primate lentiviruses

Simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) have infected primate species long before  human immunodeficiency virus has infected humans. Dozens of species-specific lentiviruses are found in African primate species, including two strains that have repeatedly jumped into human populations within the past century. Traditional phylogenetic approaches have grossly underestimated the age of these primate lentiviruses. Instead, here we review how selective pressures imposed by these viruses have fundamentally altered the evolutionary trajectory of hosts genes and, even in cases where there now remains no trace of the viruses themselves, these evolutionary signatures can reveal the types of viruses that were once present. Examination of selection by ancient viruses on the adaptive evolution of host genes has been used to derive minimum age estimates for modern primate lentiviruses. This type of data suggests that ancestors of modern SIV existed in simian primates more than 10 Ma. Moreover, examples of host resistance and viral adaptation have implications not only for estimating the age and host range of ancient primate lentiviruses, but also the pathogenic potential of their modern counterparts.     

Bovine alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein functions as a booster antigen for efficiently stimulating humoral immune responses to CCR5 and SIVmac239 envelope glycoprotein

The presence of anti-CCR5 and anti-HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (ENV) gp41 antibodies (Abs) at sites of HIV-1 exposure was effective in preventing its transmission to HIV-1-exposed seronegative (ESN) subjects. Here, we design an immunogen that can induce Abs against CCR5 and SIVmac239 ENV simultaneously and show that bovine alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (bAHSG) functions as a booster antigen for efficiently stimulating humoral immune responses to CCR5 and ENV. Initially, we generated a rhesus CCR5-derived cyclopeptide (cDDR5) conjugated with a recombinant trimeric SIVmac239 Env. When inguinally administered to rhesus macaques, the immunogen simultaneously induced both anti-CCR5 and anti-ENV Abs in sera, and the purified serum IgG fraction exerted an inhibitory effect on SIVmac239 infection in vitro. When further boosted with bAHSG, the responses of both Abs were significantly enhanced. To examine the cross-reactivity of bAHSG, it was administered to naïve cynomolgus macaques. The results showed a statistically significant increase in IgG response against cynomolgus CCR5 and SIVmac239 ENV, and the induction of neutralizing activity against SIVmac239. These findings suggest that bAHSG is useful for immune strategies aimed at generating Abs against CCR5 and ENV simultaneously to confer HIV-protective immunity.     

女性艾滋病患者的抗反转录病毒治疗与人类免疫缺陷病毒母婴阻断

自从对感染人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)的妊娠妇女实施抗反转录病毒治疗(ART)以预防母婴垂直传播以来,HIV母婴阻断成功率明显上升。而部分抗病毒药物,如依非韦伦和替诺福韦,也逐渐被证实用于妊娠期妇女对胎儿是安全的,这增加了HIV母婴阻断药物的选择范围。     

融合表达小鼠IgG2b-Fc可增强人类免疫缺陷病毒1型Gag DNA疫苗的免疫原性

为阐明小鼠IgG2b-Fc对DNA疫苗免疫原性的增强作用,首先构建表达人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(human immunodeficiency virus type 1,HIV-1)CN54Gag基因的DNA疫苗及表达Gag与小鼠IgG2b-Fc融合基因的DNA疫苗,限制性酶切和DNA测序结果表明这两个疫苗均构建成功,蛋白免疫印迹结果也显示其正确表达。然后,利用上述DNA疫苗接种C57BL/6小鼠,比较两个DNA疫苗所诱导的特异性体液免疫反应和特异性细胞免疫反应。结果显示,融合表达小鼠IgG2b-Fc对特异性细胞免疫和体液免疫反应均有增强作用,但只有对特异性体液免疫反应的增强作用有统计学意义。     

人类免疫缺陷病毒解剖学病毒储存库与检测方法的研究进展

由于人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)储存库的存在,获得性免疫缺陷综合征(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS)患者即便接受高效抗反转录病毒治疗也无法完全清除体内的潜伏病毒.本文就HIV在人体内可能存在的解剖学储存库、病毒储存库...