"古翅类"系统发育关系研究进展(昆虫纲,有翅类)

古翅类的系统发育问题是六足总纲中有争议的热点问题之一。对现存古翅类(孵蝣目 蜻蜒目)与新翅类之间的系统发育关系有3种主要观点：古翅类(＝蜉蝣目 蜻蜒目) 新翅类,蜉蝣目 (蜻蜒目 新翅类),蜻蜒目 (蜉蝣目 新翅类)。第1种观点得到化石、形态和部分基因证据支持,第2种观点得到较多形态特征支持,支持第3种观点的证据较少。这一问题的解决有赖于更多昆虫种类、化石以及分子证据的发现和研究。     

缅甸北部白垩纪中期克钦琥珀华翅蝉科(昆虫纲, 半翅目)新材料

根据产自缅甸北部白垩纪中期克钦琥珀中的一块昆虫化石标本,建立了1新种——克钦雅翅蝉(Ornatiala kachinensis sp. nov.),归于华翅蝉科(Sinoalidae Wang and Szwedo, 2012)。根据新化石材料,对雅翅蝉属的鉴别特征进行了修订。此外,利用支序分类学分析手段对新种的生物系统学地位进行了确定,并对华翅蝉前翅色型、翅脉变异等问题进行了探讨。新材料的发现进一步证实克钦琥珀生物群中的华翅蝉生物多样性程度较高,为优势昆虫类群。     

中国鞭蝽科首记(半翅目:异翅亚目)

鞭蝽科(Dipsocoridae)为小型的捕食性昆虫,体长约1—3,色泽一般为黄褐、褐色,光亮;体长形。头似三角状,前端向前突,不强烈向下倾斜;复眼小,具单眼;触角细长,第1、2两节短,第2节显著长于第1节,第3、4两节长,纤细,具稀疏长毛。喙一般细长,达到或略超过后足基节。翅的长短常有变异,具翅室;前翅前缘近中部有楔片缝(楔片缝长者,可达革片的中部)。跗节2节或3节。雄虫生殖节构造复杂;雌虫生殖节一般有产卵瓣。     

蜡蝉次目(昆虫纲:半翅目)昆虫化石研究进展

近200年来,全世界共报道半翅目蜡蝉次目化石昆虫28科、216属、400余种.本文回顾了蜡蝉次目化石昆虫的研究历史,统计了中国已报道的该类群化石种类名录,总结了蜡蝉次目化石昆虫的地质历史、地理分布和年代、以及属种组成特征,提出了该类群化石昆虫研究中有待解决的问题以及未来的研究前景.     

板同蝽属新种及剪同蝽在中国分布记述(半翅目,同蝽科)

记述了同蝽科板同蝽属3新种:戟板同蝽Lindbergicoris hastatus sp.nov.、黑线板同蝽Lindbergicoris nigrolineatus sp.nov.和散刻板同蝽Lindbergicolis sparsus sp.nov.。指出萧彩瑜等(1977)报道的Platacantha forfex(Dallas)属错误鉴定。研究材料及模式标本均保存在南开大学昆虫学研究所。文中量度单位为mm。     

线粒体DNA序列在半翅目异翅亚目昆虫分子系统学上的应用

随着PCR技术的发展以及大量DNA序列的累积,昆虫分子系统学近年来快速发展。线粒体DNA(mtDNA)序列相对于核内DNA序列进化速率较快,常被用于昆虫的系统发育研究。本文综述了国内外学者利用各种线粒体DNA序列来研究半翅目异翅亚目昆虫系统发育的研究概况。总结发现,COⅠ、COⅡ、12S rDNA、16S rDNA、Cytb、ND1、ND2和ND5等线粒体区段被用于半翅目异翅亚目系统发育的研究,其中以COI、COⅡ、16S rDNA和Cytb应用最广泛,但目前尚缺乏不同分子标记间的联合分析。进一步的研究最好在选定半翅目异翅亚目昆虫的分类阶元(如科间、亚科间、科内属间、种间或种内)后,集中测定线粒体某几个区段的DNA序列,然后进行单一分析和联合分析,并与传统形态学研究结果进行比较,可望全面分析半翅目异翅亚目昆虫的系统发育关系。     

中国宽翅网蝽属及一新种记述(半翅目:网蝽科)

记述我国宽翅网蝽属昆虫2种,即华宽翅网蝽Lepturga chinai Takeya, 1962和吉隆宽翅网蝽Lepturga gyirongensis Li, sp. nov.。分析了宽翅网蝽属与广翅网蝽属的共有特征和差异。模式标本保存于北京中国科学院动物研究所。     

现存蜉蝣翅基纵脉走向及愈合模式(昆虫纲：蜉蝣目)

有翅昆虫翅基纵脉的走向及愈合模式在系统发育重建中占有重要地位。然而,现存蜉蝣翅基纵脉的走向及愈合状况在大部分种类变化极大,无法推测其原始状况,只在极少数种类保留有部分可见残迹。中国拟短丝蜉Siphluriscus chinensis的翅基保留有独立的亚前缘脉弓、部分中脉M和肘脉Cu主干以及前中脉MA及径分脉Rs的走向痕迹。据此并结合红斑蜉Ephemera rufomaculata 和大网脉蜉Chromarcys magnifica翅基的相关特征,本文提出了蜉蝣目主要纵脉基部走向及愈合的基本模式,其要点有：中脉主干在基部与径脉主干独自发出后先接近或愈合后又分离、它们各自分成两支后的前中脉及径分脉又先愈合再分离、肘脉始终独立。这种中脉与径脉先接近或愈合后分离的模式非常接近新翅类的情况而与蜻蜓很不相同(在蜻蜓,中脉与肘脉在基部愈合) 。亚前缘脉弓的作用相信是加强了因翅基骨板发达而相互远离的纵脉间的连结作用。这个假说也可以来解释蜻蜓复杂脉相的形成原因。     

恶性席瓢蜡蝉生殖系统研究(半翅目:瓢蜡蝉科)

检视了恶性席瓢蜡蝉 Sivaloka damnosus Chou et Lu的模式标本,补充描述了其雄性和雌性生殖器特征,包括外生殖器和内生殖系统,并提供了雌雄性外生殖器及内生殖系统特征图.研究结果表明恶性席瓢蜡蝉雄性精巢2个,其外被黄色薄膜,每个精巢具18个精巢小管.雌性生殖孔属于双孔类型;卵巢2个,每侧卵巢具9个卵...     

The Hemiptera (Insecta) communities of tropical rain forest in Sulawesi

The structure and composition of Hemiptera communities of tropical rain forest in Dumoga-Bone National Park, Sulawesi, Indonesia were investigated over a 1-year period. The aim was to investigate the extent to which insect samples, obtained using six different techniques, were representative of the whole community, and to explore temporal and spatial variation in Hemiptera community composition. Sampling techniques employed were Rothamsted light trapping, canopy fogging, malaise trapping at both ground and canopy level, flight interception trapping and yellow water pan trapping. Overlap between faunas collected using different techniques was surprisingly low emphasizing the limitations of using any single method to sample and thereby describe the Hemiptera community. Differences were observed at the species, family and suborder levels. Similarly, there were major differences in faunal composition between sites and diversity appeared to peak at elevations between 600–1000 m. Seasonal changes were also significant but generally lower than between methods or sites. Results are discussed in relation to factors such as food availability and host specialization and the efficacy of each sampling method is reviewed in relation to the biology of the different Hemiptera groups and the composition of the samples obtained.     

二种木虱的染色体行为研究(同翅目:木虱总科)

报道了2种中国木虱的精子发生,即香椿巴木虱Bharatiana setentrionalis Yang et Li,n=7（XO）;合欢羞木虱Acizzia jamatonica（Kuwayama）,n=13（XO）。研究表明木虱的减数分裂具有3个显著的特征：1）前期I具有弥散期,此时常染色体疏松化,分散于整个细胞核,仅可以观察到异固缩化的性染色体,推测存在基因转录现象,同样的现象存在于蜡蝉和异翅类（Heteroptera）昆虫;2）中期Ⅰ姊妹染色体联合定向,第一次分裂为减数分裂;3）第二次分裂不发生胞质分裂,形成双核精子。从生殖系统的结构和减数分裂中染色体的行为来看,木虱与蜡蝉的关系更为密切。     

雅小叶蝉属六种昆虫的染色体研究(半翅目:叶蝉科:小叶蝉亚科:小叶蝉族)

研究了雅小叶蝉属Eurhadina 6种昆虫的染色体数目、性别决定和染色体行为.结果表明:该属6种昆虫染色体的数目变化范围为n=7-9,E.rubra、E.flavicorona和E.tripunctata具有相同的染色体数目,均为n=9,E.exclamationis的染色体数目为n＝8,E.fusca和E.rubr...     

Documentation of brochosomes within Hemiptera, with emphasis on Heteroptera (Insecta)

Brochosomes, small secretory particles often found in abundance on the integument of leafhoppers, are currently considered a unique feature of the family Cicadellidae. The present work documents, for the first time, brochosomes in two other groups of Hemiptera, i.e. Psylloidea and Heteroptera. In Heteroptera the occurrence of relatively large amounts of brochosomes on various body parts is documented in several species of different families. Morphological structures of the legs and the setation are illustrated in detail and compared to those of Cicadellidae. The results are based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of museum specimens. The possible function of brochosomes within Hemiptera is briefly discussed.     

Revision of New Zealand Orthotylinae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Miridae)

Abstract

Six genera and 11 species of Orthotylinae are now known from New Zealand. Zanchius Distant is newly recorded. One new genus, Tridiplous, and seven new species of endemic New Zealand Orthotylini are described and illustrated. Four new species are described in Tridiplous: T. burrus, T. parvapiatus, T. penmani, and T. virens, and three new species are described in Zanchius: Z. ater, Z. rubicrux, and Z. totus. Keys are provided to identify New Zealand taxa of the tribes of Orthotylinae, genera and species of Halticini, genera of Orthotylini, and species of Tridiplous and Zanchius. The bugs are illustrated with colour habitus photos, and drawings including male and female genitalia. Economic importance is discussed.     

The shieldbug genus Parastrachia and its position within the Pentatomoidea (Insecta: Hemiptera)

A new hemipteran subfamily, Parastrachiinae , is proposed in the Cydnidae for the single genus Parastrachia Distant 1883. There are two included species, P. japonensis (Scott 1880) and P. nagaensis Distant 1908. The morphology, relationships, and taxonomic history of Parastrachia are discussed     

Spermatogenesis in a monogenean, Diclidophora merlangi.

Halton D. W. &; Hardcastle A. 1976. Spermatogenesis in a monogenean, Diclidophora merlangi. International Journal for Parasitology6: 43–53. Development of the spermatozoa in the testis of a polyopisthocotylean fish-gill fluke, Diclidophora merlangi, has been examined by light and electron microscopy. Spermatogonial cells are typically undifferentiated and display numerous free ribosomes and relatively little cytoplasm. Successive mitotic divisions produce spermatocytes which are characterized by expansion of the ER and the development of Golgi complexes. Nuclear division is followed by incomplete cytokinesis so that spermatocytes and subsequent stages are joined and develop syncytially. Nuclear synaptonemal complexes mark the first division of the meiotic phase, the second giving rise to a rosette of 32 spermatids. During spermateleosis, the spermatid nucleus condenses and migrates into a conical-shaped projection of cytoplasm. A centriole-like structure and basal bodies, anchored by a pair of attached rootlets, produce axial filaments that grow out from the spermatid and eventually fuse with the nuclear projection. Spermatozoa are then released from the residual cytoplasm. Each spermatozoon is approximately 325 μm in length and 2 μm maximum diameter and in section shows a nucleus, mitochondrion, paired axial units which conform to the “9 +1” pattern described for other platylelminthes, particles of β-glycogen, and a line of micro-tubules around the inner aspect of the limiting membrane.