A comparative study of the main components of the nucleolus in different populations of rat trophoblast cells during differentiation. II. The nucleoli of the trophospongium cells, the glycogen cells and the secondary giant cells

A comparative study was performed of the arrangement of different nucleolar components during differentiation of trophoblast cell populations in the junctional zone of placenta (glycogen cells and trophospongium) and in the secondary giant cells. Each cell type is characterized by specific interrelation of nucleolar components. Some glycogen cells show signs of segregation of nucleolar components: strands of nucleolar components with fibrillar centers (FCs) are displaced to the periphery of the nucleolus and contact with the perinucleolar chromatin. Large reticular nucleoli in trophospongium cells contain many FCs which are gathered into several "chains" by strands of dense fibrillar component. Such a "chain" has also been found in nucleoli of secondary giant cells, with greater number of FCs in each "chain". Relationship between the arrangement of nucleolar components and the level of cell differentiation is discussed.     

Localization of Nopp140 within mammalian cells during interphase and mitosis

We investigated distribution of the nucleolar phosphoprotein Nopp140 within mammalian cells, using immunofluorescence confocal microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy. During interphase, three-dimensional image reconstructions of confocal sections revealed that nucleolar labelling appeared as several tiny spheres organized in necklaces. Moreover, after an immunogold labelling procedure, gold particles were detected not only over the dense fibrillar component but also over the fibrillar centres of nucleoli in untreated and actinomycin D-treated cells. Labelling was also consistently present in Cajal bodies. After pulse-chase experiments with BrUTP, colocalization was more prominent after a 10- to 15-min chase than after a 5-min chase. During mitosis, confocal analysis indicated that Nopp140 organization was lost. The protein dispersed between and around the chromosomes in prophase. From prometaphase to telophase, it was also detected in numerous cytoplasmic nucleolus-derived foci. During telophase, it reappeared in the reforming nucleoli of daughter nuclei. This strongly suggests that Nopp140 could be a component implicated in the early steps of pre-rRNA processing.     

Localization of chromatin in "persistent" nucleoli in okadaic acid treated HeLa cells.

In okadaic acid treated HeLa cells, the chromosomes sometimes condense without being accompanied by nuclear envelope breakdown. These cells show "persistent" nucleoli. Within these "persistent" nucleoli the intranucleolar chromatin condenses and can be observed in the region of the dense nucleolar component (DNC) of the nucleoli. Other nucleolar components, namely the fibrillar centre (FC) and the granular component (GC) remain unchanged. These observations strongly speak for the localization of nucleolar chromatin (ribosomal cistrons) within the dense nucleolar component of the interphase nucleolus.     

A comparative study of the main components of the nucleolus in different populations of rat trophoblast cells during differentiation. I. The nucleoli of the trophoblast cells in the labyrinth section of the placenta

The nucleolus undergoes some steps of structural transformation during differentiation of the labyrinth trophoblast cells. Primarily (on day 13 of gestation) the nucleolar components become rather disjoined. The nucleolus is composed of a loose net of strands of granulofibrillar and dense fibrillar components bearing fibrillar centers (FCs). Strands are separated by large lacunae. This rare-occurring type of nucleoli is replaced on the next (14th) day by the nucleolonemal type and later--by the compact nucleolar type. FCs with dense fibrillar component strands become extended into the masses of granulofibrillar component. Such transformations of nucleolar structure seem to be an expression of a fast-proceeding differentiation of the labyrinth trophoblast cells.     

In situ hybridization at the electron microscope level: an improved method for precise localization of ribosomal DNA and RNA

In situ hybridization using biotinylated rDNA probes and secondary antibody coupled to gold particles was developed on ultrathin sections of Lowicryl-embedded Ehrlich tumor cells for precise localization of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and ribosomal DNA (rDNA). For the detection of rDNA, an immunocytochemical approach involving an antibody against single-stranded DNA was used in order to determine the more efficient denaturation procedure. Using this technique, rDNA can be visualized in the fibrillar centers of nucleoli, especially in their peripheral regions at the proximity of both the dense fibrils and the nucleolar interstices as well as within the latter. rDNA was occasionally detected in some clumps of dense nucleolus-associated chromatin. Besides the presence of rRNA in the ribosome-rich cytoplasmic areas and in the dense fibrillar component and the granular component of the nucleolus, rRNA was also found in the fibrillar center areas close to the boundary region to the dense fibrillar component. These results are discussed in the light of the present knowledge on the functional organization of the nucleolus.     

Relative position of nucleolar chromatin and nucleolar components in ciliate <Emphasis Type="Italic">Didinium nasutum</Emphasis> somatic nuclei

According to our computer modeling data obtained earlier, nucleoli in interphase ciliates Didinium nasutum are complex netlike structures, in which the trabeculumor lamella-shaped fibrillar component is located on the periphery, and the granular component in the central part of the nucleolus. Chromatin bodies connected with nucleoli act as the nucleolar organizers in D. nasutum. In the present work, the arrangement of all chromatin bodies, which could correspond to nucleolar organizers by morphological criteria, is studied by means of a 3D-reconstruction. It is shown that all of these chromatin bodies are localized outside the nucleoli, on the fibrillar component’s periphery. Even those chromatin bodies which appeared to be completely surrounded by the fibrillar nucleolar component on single ultrathin sections are actually settled down in nucleolus cavities open to the nucleoplasm. This proves that the RNA processing in D. nasutum nucleoli is directed toward the center of nucleoli, where the granular component is located. The analysis of the nucleolar chromatin distribution made it possible to conclude that different parts of the complex interfase netlike nucleoli of D. nasutum have approximately the same activity.     

Subnucleolar distribution and organization of Vicia faba L. rDNA in situ

The distribution and organization of nucleolar DNA in Vicia faba L. was analyzed by specific cytochemical staining using NAMA-Ur. The results showed that nucleolar DNA was distributed in the FCs and at the FC/DFC junctions. Statistical analysis showed that the rRNA genes occupied about one-third of the total dense fibrillar component region. The rDNA was condensed in some regions and uncondensed in others. Nucleolus-associated chromatin extended from outside the nucleolus to the periphery of the FCs via nucleolar channels, suggesting a possible origin for nucleolar DNA.