Inhaltsstoffe aus Gynoxys- und Pseudogynoxys-arten

Five new furanoeremophilanes have been isolated from Gynoxys sancto antonii, while two Pseudogynoxys species yield three new polyenes. The chemotaxonomic aspects are discussed.     

Eremophilane derivatives from Senecio species

The investigation of two further Senecio species afforded two new furanoeremophilanes, four eremophilanolides and a new hydroxyeremophilane. The structures of two furanoeremophilane, isolated before, have been revised.     

Neue furanoeremophilane und andere sesquiterpene aus vertretern der gattung Euryops

Investigation of a further 27 Euryops species affords, besides known compounds, 55 new furanoeremophilanes together with several other compounds. The configuration of six furanoeremophilanes earlier given as 10β-H has to be changed to 10α-H. Furthermore 9 new eremophilenes were isolated; the configurations of four compounds of this type isolated before have had to be changed. One of the eremophilenes is esterified with 3-methylpent-3(E)-enoic acid, not found before in nature. Two hemiacetals, which are probable precursors of the furanoerephilanes, and a corresponding lactone are also present. Furthermore two benzylic esters, cis-caryophyllene, a bicyclo-germacrene derivative, and a new oplopanone derivative have been found. The structures are elucidated mainly by spectroscopic methods together with some chemical transformations. From the chemotaxonomic viewpoint, the high concentration of very variable furanoeremophilanes may be important. The proposed differentiation into sections however can not be clearly correlated with the chemical constituents, though some taxonomic conclusions seem to be supported by the chemical evidence.     

Einige neue furanoeremophilane aus Senecio-Arten

The investigation of two varieties of the South African S. hypochoerideus affords, besides known compounds, six new furanoeremophilanes and a pimarene-derivative. By contrast, S. greyi has yielded two further new furanoeremophilanes and a new eremophilene. These structures are elucidated mainly by spectroscopic methods. Chemotaxonomic aspects are briefly discussed.     

Furanoeremophilanes from Lopholaena species

Three additional Lopholaena species afforded several furanoeremophilanes, two of them not reported previously.     

Neue C10-säureamide,furanoeremophilane und andere inhaltsstoffe aus bolivianischen Senecio-arten

The investigation of seven Bolivian Senecio species afforded in addition to known compounds five new furanoeremophilanes, two C₁₀-amides, a new isoeugenol ester and the isomer of pterophorin. The structures are elucidated mainly by spectroscopic methods. While most of the new compounds are closely related to those isolated before from Senecio species, four of them are unusual. Another is a new type of a furanoeremophilane; its biogenesis however, can be explained easily from known types.     

New sesquiterpenes from Senecio oxyodontus

The South African plant, Senecio oxyodontus, contained in addition to known compounds several new sesquiterpenes, which were all of the bisabolene type. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and some chemical transformations. The constituents were closely related to those from one other South African Senecio species and in contrast to most Senecio species which contain very different structural types, mainly of the furanoeremophilanes type.     

New furanoeremophilanes from South African Senecio species

An investigation of South African Senecio species afforded in addition to previously known compounds three new furanoeremophilanes, six compounds derived from cacalol and a dihydroeuparin derivative. Structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and some chemical transformations. Chemotaxonomical aspects are discussed briefly.     

Neue furanoeremophilane und weitere inhaltsstoffe aus südafrikanischen Senecio-arten

The investigation of further 27 South African and a few other Senecio species afforded in addition to known compounds 18 new furanoeremophilanes, most of them being cacalol derivatives, two new lactones, a new eudesmane derivative and four acyl pyrrole derivatives. The structures are elucidated by spectroscopic methods mainly. The chemical results on more than 140 species now available indicate much of chemotaxonomic interest. Together with the chemical data on related genera, the taxonomic situation of the subtribe Senecioninae is discussed in connection with the proposed new classification. The chemical data are in good agreement with this new arrangement.     

New norsesquiterpenes from Senecio digitalifolius

The South African Senecio digitalifolius contain besides several known furanoeremophilanes three new norsesquiterpenes all related to bisabolene. The structures are elucidated by spectroscopic methods.     

Furanoeremophilanes from Senecio smithii

The investigation of Senecio smithii afforded 17 furanoeremophilanes, six of them being isolated for the first time. Furthermore, two new bisabolon     

Neue eremophilan-derivate aus Lopholaena-arten

The genus Lopholaena contains several eremophilane derivatives. The structures of four new furanoeremophilanes and one eremophilone derivative were elucidated using spectroscopic methods. The chemical relationship of Lopholaena to other genera is discussed.     

Hilliardinolester und andere furanoeremophilane aus Senecio mauricei

Senecio mauricei contains seven new furanoeremophilanes, all being highly oxidized. Intensive ¹H-NMR-studies led to the configurations of these unusual compounds. The acetstes of four of them show very unusual chemical shifts of the acetate methyls. Furthermore a new eremophilane is present: 8,12-dihydroxy-7,11,9,10-tetrahydroeremophilane. The chemotaxonomic aspects are discussed briefly.     

Furanoeremophilanes from Petasites niveus: High solvolytic reactivity at the C-6β position bearing an α,β-unsaturated ester group

Rhizomes and roots of Petasites niveus gave some new cis-fused, unstable furanoeremophilanes bearing the senecioyloxy group either at C-2β or at C-3β and C-6β, besides the known, unstable 2β-pangeloyloxy-10β-H-furanoeremophilane (furanojaponin) and 3β,6β-diangeloyloxy-10β-H-furanoeremophilane. The senecioyloxy or angeloyloxy group at C-6 was easily replaced in alcohols, by the alkoxyl group, leading in medium yields to the ethers with retention of configuration at C-6. Most of the above terpenes prefer the ‘non-steroid-like’ conformation.     

Othonna cerarioides (Asteraceae: Othonnineae), a new species from Namaqualand,South Africa

Othonna cerarioides Magoswana and J.C. Manning is described as a new species from Namaqualand, Northern Cape Province of South Africa. It is an erect shrub with rod-like stems and branches, bearing numerous spur-shoots with obovate-oblanceolate leaves clustered at the tips, and up to nine disciform capitula per spur-shoot. Othonna cerarioides is anomalous in the genus in that the style of some of the disc florets is bifid. Othonna is diagnosed within subtribe Othonnineae by female-sterile disc florets with simple (or very rarely minutely bifid) styles. The disc florets in the closely related genus Hertia are bisexual with well branched styles.     

Furanoeremophilanes from Gynoxys species

Five new furanoeremophilanes were isolated from three Gynoxys species. The structures of three 3,6β-diacyloxyfuranoeremophilanes previously isolated from G. sancto-antonii have to be revised to the corresponding 1β,6β derivatives.     

New species, reports, observations and taxonomical changes of southern African rust fungi (Uredinales)

This work presents research on the diversity of the southern African rust mycobiota (Uredinales). It describes new species, lists new reports and adds new information on several rust fungi. Puccinia cornurediata, Puccinia dioscoreae-mundtii, Puccinia horti-kirstenboschi, Puccinia othonnoides, Puccinia rapipes, Puccinia subindumentana, Uredo otholobii and Uromyces lotononidicola are described as new; Puccinia verwoerdiana is assigned to Puccinia lycii as a synonym, and Uredo lotononi to U. lotononidicola. Comprehensive accounts and keys are presented for Puccinia species on Lycium (Solanaceae), Helichrysum and Othonna (Asteraceae). Puccinia butleri and Uromyces bidenticola are new reports for South Africa, and Puccinia spinulosa is new for Namibia. So far, the latter species has only been known from Madagascar, and P. butleri from the Indian subcontinent. Taxonomical novelties are P. cornurediata R. Berndt; P. dioscoreae-mundtii R. Berndt, A.R. Wood & E. Uhlmann; P. horti-kirstenboschi R. Berndt & E. Uhlmann; P. othonnoides R. Berndt, A.R. Wood & E. Uhlmann; P. rapipes R. Berndt & E. Uhlmann; P. subindumentana R. Berndt; U. otholobii R. Berndt, A.R. Wood & E. Uhlmann and U. lotononidicola R. Berndt     

New records,synonyms and combinations for oriental Sarcophagidae (Diptera), with updated checklists for Cambodia,India, Taiwan,Thailand and Vietnam

Faunistic records of 29 flesh fly species are presented, and the following new country-level records are provided: 12 species (Senotainia albifrons, Eremasiomyia macularis, Asceloctella calicifera, Pseudothyrsocnema caudagalli, Liosarcophaga dux, L. kohla, L. scopariiformis, L. tuberosa, Parasarcophaga misera, Sarcosolomonia harinasutai, S. shinonagai, Seniorwhitea princeps) new to Cambodia, one species (S. shinonagai) new to India, one species (Brachicoma devia) new to Taiwan, two species (Myorhina thinhi, L. tuberosa) new to Thailand, and two species (E. macularis, P. caudagalli) new to Vietnam. Based on critical revision of all published records and on new data presented herein, 215 species of Sarcophagidae are listed from Cambodia (16 species), India (138), Taiwan (63), Thailand (98) and Vietnam (49). One new subjective generic synonym is proposed: Shinonagaella Verves, 1997 = Lehisca Kurahashi and Tan, 2012, syn. nov. Altogether, total of 21 new subjective synonyms and 16 new combinations are proposed.     

DNA barcode reveals candidate species of Scinax and Ololygon (Anura: Hylidae) in Atlantic Forest

Molecular species delimitation methods are efficient tools to identify species, including the discovery of new taxa and cryptic organisms, thus being useful to biodiversity studies. In the present work, 16S mitochondrial sequences and cytochrome oxidase I (COI) were used to evaluate the richness of species in the genus Scinax and Ololygon from a biodiversity hotspot in Atlantic Forest. A total of 109 specimens formally belonging to eight species of Scinax and three species of Ololygon were collected in 13 localities along the state of Bahia (northeastern Brazil) and one site in Espírito Santo (southeastern Brazil). Of the Scinax species collected in this study, three were morphologically differentiated from other described species and identified as putative new species (Scinax sp.1, Scinax sp.2 and Scinax sp.3). The species delimitations were inferred using three different methods: ABGD, PTP and mPTP which allowed recognizing 11 Scinax species and five Ololygon species. Scinax sp. 1, Scinax sp. 2 and Scinax sp. 3, have been confirmed as new putative species and Ololygon argyreornata possibly contains cryptic species. We suggest additional studies, including morphological and bioacoustic data to validate these new putative species.     

A new species of blunt-headed vine snake (Colubridae, Imantodes) from the Chocó region of Ecuador

We describe a new species of Imantodes from the Chocó region of northwestern Ecuador. The new species differs most significantly from all other congeners in lacking a loreal scale. We analyze the phylogenetic relationships among species of Imantodes based on two mitochondrial genes, and postulate that the new species and Imantodes lentiferus are sister taxa. A key to the species of Imantodes from Ecuador is presented.