太子参红外指纹图谱的双指标序列分析

本文采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪测定了四大种植主产区(安徽、江苏、福建、贵州)的栽培品及河南的野生品,共13个批次太子参甲醇提取物,获得不同产地太子参栽培品的FTIR指纹图谱,并对指纹图谱进行了相似度的计算,同时结合(共有峰率,变异峰率)双指标序列分析方法,对不同产地太子参的FTIR光谱进行了研究。结果表明,该方法所建立的太子参FTIR指纹图谱能够区分栽培品和野生品的差异,双指标序列分析法能够为产区间和产区内太子参品质差异提供参考,两种分析方法结合可为该药材的质量分析、评价与控制提供依据。     

华东地区太子参品系的氨基酸比较分析

对江苏、安徽、山东、福建四省６个不同产地的栽培和野生太子参品系进行了１８各游离氨基酸含量分析测定。研究结果表明太子参各品系所含的氨基酸含量不同。在各品系的游离氨基酸中均以精氨酸的含量为最高。总氨基酸含量和必需氨基酸含量以安徽宣州品系为最高。江苏宜兴品系所含的γ－氨基丁酸含量最高。江苏老山野生品系的苯丙氨酸含量明显高于其他品系。本文为研究不同太子参品系质量及其医药价值提供科学资料。     

基于HPLC指纹图谱和含量测定的不同产地半边莲药材质量评价研究CSCD

建立半边莲药材高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱,并对有效成分地奥司明和蒙花苷的含量进行测定,为不同产区半边莲药材的质量评价提供参考。HPLC指纹图谱的建立采用Thermo Acclaim C_(18)(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-0.05 mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液,流速为1.0 mL/min,梯度洗脱,检测波长为340 nm,柱温为35℃,进样量为10μL;通过质谱分析结合对照品比对,对共有峰进行鉴定;借助中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012.130723版本)对指纹图谱进行相似度评价,通过聚类分析(HCA)、主成分分析(PCA)和正交偏最小二乘法-判别式分析(OPLS-DA)比较不同产区半边莲药材的质量差异;并对半边莲药材地奥司明和蒙花苷的含量进行测定。结果显示,18批半边莲药材指纹图谱具有11个共有峰,质谱分析和对照品比对,共确证4个共有峰,分别为木犀草素7-二葡萄糖苷酸、海常黄苷、地奥司明和蒙花苷;与mzCloud标准数据库比对,对另外4个共有峰进行了结构预测。相似度评价结果显示,河南、安徽两个产区的半边莲药材较为相似,另外4个产区的半边莲药材相似度较为一致。HCA和PCA均将不同产区的半边莲药材分为两类,其中河南、安徽两个产区的样品归为一类,湖北、贵州、江西和湖南产区的样品归为另一类,结果与相似度评价结果基本一致。OPLS-DA发现7个差异性标志物,根据VIP值排序,分别为峰2>峰1>峰10>峰11>峰3>峰8>峰5。含量测定结果显示,3批河南产区和安徽产区的半边莲药材地奥司明和蒙花苷的含量明显高于其他产区。该方法可以有效评价不同产区半边莲药材的质量差异性,为其质量控制和药材选购提供参考。     

不同种质和地域太子参氨基酸柱前衍生-HPLC测定及多元统计分析

探讨种质和生态环境因素对太子参中氨基酸类成分积累的影响。采用柱前衍生化高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定太子参中20种游离氨基酸含量,并进行多元统计分析。排序分析表明同一种质不同地域、同一地域不同种质太子参间均存在一定差异;主成分分析显示谷氨酸、苏氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、脯氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸为太子参特征氨基酸,综合评价表明就氨基酸而言江苏句容栽培的ZS2太子参品质较好;单因素方差分析表明栽培地域与其特征氨基酸存在显著相关。生态环境因子是影响太子参中氨基酸含量的主要因素。本研究为深入研究太子参药材的品质形成机制提供基础资料。     

野生阿魏与栽培阿魏植物不同部位的挥发油及阿魏酸含量测定

目的:为了提高新疆阿魏资源储量分布和种植面积,保护野生资源,对阿魏药材的人工栽培品与野生品进行质量对比分析,为人工栽培环境采收的阿魏药材的质量评价提供参考依据。方法:采用挥发油测定法以及高效液相色谱法,对新疆不同产地野生阿魏和栽培品阿魏的挥发油和阿魏酸进行了含量测定。结果:人工压榨阿魏树脂,测得的挥发油含量中,各地野生品均符合药典标准(挥发油含量≥10%),栽培品中,阜康阿魏和伊宁产新疆阿魏达到药典标准。阿魏酸含量测定结果中,阿勒泰栽培品,阜康栽培品和伊宁栽培品的根和叶的阿魏酸含量,均大于野生品阿魏酸含量。结论:人工栽培环境采收的阿魏药材前景可观,不同部位均可以作为提取物的制备原料。     

基于~1H NMR代谢组学技术的传统产区与种植基地太子参化学成分分析

探讨不同产区太子参代谢物合成积累的差异。采用1H NMR代谢组学技术结合多元统计分析对传统产区与种植基地太子参中化学成分进行比较分析,并找出差异成分。共指认出35个化学成分;多元统计分析显示,传统产区与种植基地太子参样品能明显分开,其中差异显著的化学成分有12个,精氨酸、谷氨酸、乙酰乙酸、琥珀酸的相对含量在传统产区太子参中较高;赖氨酸、二甲基甘氨酸钠、苯丙氨酸、蔗糖、木糖、槲皮素、富马酸、阿魏酸的相对含量在种植基地太子参中较高。本研究结果为揭示不同产区太子参代谢物合成积累的变化规律及其药材的品质形成机制提供基础资料。     

基于UPLC指纹图谱和多指标成分定量的不同产地白茅根标准汤剂质量评价研究CSCD

本研究通过超高效液相色谱(UPLC)指纹图谱结合多成分定量对不同产地的白茅根标准汤剂的质量进行评价。采用相似度计算、聚类分析(HCA)、主成分分析(PCA)和正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(OPLS-DA)对指纹图谱数据进行分析。结果显示,18批白茅根标准汤剂指纹图谱共标识出9个共有指纹峰,指纹图谱相似度在0.920~0.997;HCA将18批样品分为3类,河北产区的样品自成一类,江苏与安徽、河南的样品在分类上存在交叉;PCA结果显示,除江苏外,同一产区白茅根标准汤剂指纹图谱共有峰的差异较小;OPLS-DA筛选出3个差异标志性色谱峰,分别为峰9(对羟基肉桂酸)、峰6和峰5(绿原酸)。对白茅根标准汤剂中绿原酸、新绿原酸、隐绿原酸和对羟基肉桂酸的含量进行测定,结果显示,4种酚酸的总含量:河北>安徽>江苏>河南,不同产区的样品4种酚酸的总含量差异明显;其中河南产区的样品绿原酸、新绿原酸和隐绿原酸的含量明显低于其他产区,安徽产区的样品对羟基肉桂酸的平均含量最高且比较稳定,江苏产区的样品对羟基肉桂酸和4种酚酸的总含量波动较大。所建立的分析方法稳定可靠,重复性好,为白茅根标准汤剂及其相关制剂的质量评价提供参考。     

南京老山地区不同规格野生太子参的品质比较分析

目的:比较南京老山野生不同规格太子参的品质,并以福建产栽培太子参为对照,为南京老山野生太子参的药用提供参考。方法:采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定太子参中总皂苷和多糖的含量。结论:不同规格的南京老山野生太子参品质有所差异,重量最小者总皂苷及多糖含量也为最低,而重量中等及较大者的含量较高。     

不同种源的太子参多糖含量及其单糖组成GC-MS研究

研究不同种源太子参多糖含量以及单糖组成差异,为太子参质量评价和临床用药提供参考依据,采用水提-醇沉法提取太子参多糖,以葡萄糖为标品,蒽酮-硫酸比色法测定多糖含量。盐酸甲醇水解、三甲基硅烷(TMS)柱前衍生、气-质联用法(GC-MS)分析不同种源太子参多糖的单糖组成。结果表明,组培太子参与野生太子参多糖的含量分别为19.05±1.38%、22.63±2.18%;不同种源太子参多糖均由葡萄糖、果糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、半乳糖醛酸、阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖七种单糖组成,但单糖的比例明显不同。如以多糖含量为标准,野生太子参多糖含量高于组培太子参,品质更佳;多糖中单糖比例不同,提示不同种源的太子参多糖结构可能存在不同。     

蔓荆子野生品及不同采收期栽培品氨基酸成分分析

目的比较蔓荆子野生品及不同采收期栽培品中氨基酸成分及含量。方法色谱柱3μm×4.6 mm×60 mm,缓冲液流量0.4 m1.min-1,茚三酮流量0.3 m1.min-1,分析时间30 min。结果蔓荆子生药材中检出17种氨基酸,野生与栽培蔓荆子中氨基酸总量分别为32.5 g.kg-1和46.5 g.kg-1,8月下旬、10月中旬、12月中旬3个采收期栽培蔓荆子中氨基酸总量分别为44.7 g.kg-1、47.5 g.kg-1和47.2 g.kg-1。结论蔓荆子中氨基酸总量与其生长环境及方式有关,栽培品质量优于野生品;不同采收期蔓荆子中氨基酸总量无明显差异。     

甘肃鼢鼠骨骼19种氨基酸含量的测定

用121型氨基酸分析仪对甘肃鼢鼠(Myospalax cansus)躯干、四肢、头骨骨骼中19种氨基酸含量进行测定,并与高原鼢鼠及其他哺乳动物骨骼中氨基酸含量进行差异显著性分析。结果表明,甘肃鼢鼠各部位骨骼中19种氨基酸含量均为甘氨酸最高,谷氨酸次之,胱氨酸最低。同一氨基酸在甘肃鼢鼠不同骨骼部位含量顺序为躯干>四肢(头骨。甘肃鼢鼠骨骼总氨基酸含量低于塞隆骨,与虎骨相近,高于其他哺乳动物。其中羟脯氨酸含量明显高于虎骨、塞隆骨等。     

The effect of AmtR on growth and amino acids production in Corynebacterium glutamicum

AmtR, the master regulator of nitrogen control in Corynebacterium glutamicum, plays important roles in nitrogen metabolism. To investigate the influence of AmtR on amino acids production in C. glutamicum ATCC 13032, the amtR deletion strain C. glutamicum Q1 was constructed and cultured in modified CGXII minimal medium for 60 h. The ammonium consumption rates as well as amino acids production of both strains cultured in modified CGXII minimal medium were determined. The amtR deletion in C. glutamicum caused an obvious growth defect in the exponential growth phase, but both strains had the same biomass in the stationary phases. Maybe the less alpha-oxoglutarate was used for the tricarboxylic acid cycle to influence the growth of strains. During 12 h, the rate of ammonium consumption and the concentration of Glu, Pro, Arg and Ser were higher but Asp, Gly, Ile, Leu, Lys were lower in the mutation strain. During 48 h, the Q1 had higher levels of Asp, Lys, Pro, Ala and Val,and lower levels of Glu, Arg, Leu and Ile, compared to the wild. The more Glu was synthesized by the activated GS/GOGAT pathway in Q1, and then the accumulation of relative amino acids (Pro, Arg and Ser) were up-regulated within 12 h growth. After 48 h growth, the amtR deletion obviously influenced accumulation of Ala, Asp and Pro. The amtR deletion could influence the growth and amino acids production, which could be useful to the production of amino acids.     

Amino acid sequence of seminalplasmin, an antimicrobial protein from bull semen

Analytical ultracentrifugation of highly purified seminalplasmin revealed a molecular mass of 6300. Amino acid analysis of the protein preparation indicated the absence of sulfur-containing amino acids cysteine and methionine. The amino acid sequence of seminalplasmin was determined by manual Edman degradation of peptides obtained by proteolytic enzymes trypsin, chymotrypsin and thermolysin: NH₂-Ser Asp Glu Lys Ala Ser Pro Asp Lys His His Arg Phe Ser Leu Ser Arg Tyr Ala Lys Leu Ala Asn Arg Leu Ser Lys Trp Ile Gly Asn Arg Gly Asn Arg Leu Ala Asn Pro Lys Leu Leu Glu Thr Phe Lys Ser Val-COOH. The number of amino acids according to the sequence were 48, the molecular mass 6385. As predicted from the sequence, seminalplasmin very likely contains two α-helical domains in which residues 8-17 and 40-48 are involved. No evidence for the existence of β-sheet structures was obtained. Treatment of seminalplasmin with the above proteases as well as with amino peptidase M and carboxypeptidase Y completely eliminated biological activity.     

The primary structure of the β-subunit of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The complete amino acid sequence of the β-subunit of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase was determined. The β-subunit contained four methionine residues. Thus, five peptides were obtained after cleavage of the carboxymethylated β-subunit with cyanogen bromide, and were isolated on Sephadex G-75 column chromatography. The amino acid sequences of the cyanogen bromide peptides were established by characterization of the peptides obtained after digestion with trypsin, chymotrypsin, thermolysin, or Staphylococcus aureus protease. The major sequencing techniques used were automated and manual Edman degradations. The five cyanogen bromide peptides were aligned by means of the amino acid sequences of the peptides containing methionine purified from the tryptic hydrolysate of the carboxymethylated β-subunit. The amino acid sequence of all the 238 residues was as follows: ProAlaGlnAspAsnSerArgPheValIleArgAsp ArgAsnTrpHis ProLysAlaLeuThrPro-Asp — TyrLysThrSerIleAlaArg SerProArgGlnAla LeuValSerIleProGlnSer — IleSerGluThrThrGly ProAsnPheSerHisLeu GlyPheGlyAlaHisAsp-His — AspLeuLeuLeuAsnPheAsn AsnGlyGlyLeu ProIleGlyGluArgIle-Ile — ValAlaGlyArgValValAsp GlnTyrGlyLysPro ValProAsnThrLeuValGluMet — TrpGlnAlaAsnAla GlyGlyArgTyrArg HisLysAsnAspArgTyrLeuAlaPro — LeuAspProAsn PheGlyGlyValGly ArgCysLeuThrAspSerAspGlyTyrTyr — SerPheArg ThrIleLysProGlyPro TyrProTrpArgAsnGlyProAsnAsp — TrpArgProAla HisIleHisPheGlyIle SerGlyProSerIleAlaThr-Lys — LeuIleThrGlnLeuTyr PheGluGlyAspPro LeuIleProMetCysProIleVal — LysSerIleAlaAsn ProGluAlaValGlnGln LeuIleAlaLysLeuAspMetAsnAsn — AlaAsnProMet AsnCysLeuAlaTyr ArgPheAspIleValLeuArgGlyGlnArgLysThrHis PheGluAsnCys. The sequence published earlier in summary form (Iwaki et al., 1979, J. Biochem.86, 1159–1162) contained a few errors which are pointed out in this paper.     

条斑紫菜(Porphyra yezoensis)游离氨基酸组成分析

采用邻苯二甲醛/9-氯甲酸芴甲酯(OPA/FMOC)柱前衍生反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC),对江苏南通海区栽培的12个条斑紫菜(Porphyra yezoensis)样品游离氨基酸组成进行分析.结果显示:供试样品游离氨基酸总量在19.82～38.91 mg·g-1之间,共检出16种游离氨基酸,其中Ala、Arg、...     

The effect of AmtR on growth and amino acids production in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Corynebacterium glutamicum</Emphasis>

AmtR, the master regulator of nitrogen control in Corynebacterium glutamicum, plays important roles in nitrogen metabolism. To investigate the influence of AmtR on amino acids production in C. glutamicum ATCC 13032, the amtR deletion strain C. glutamicum Q1 was constructed and cultured in modified CGXII minimal medium for 60 h. The ammonium consumption rates as well as amino acids production of both strains cultured in modified CGXII minimal medium were determined. The amtR deletion in C. glutamicum caused an obvious growth defect in the exponential growth phase, but both strains had the same biomass in the stationary phases. Maybe the less α-oxoglutarate was used for the tricarboxylic acid cycle to influence the growth of strains. During 12 h, the rate of ammonium consumption and the concentration of Glu, Pro, Arg and Ser were higher but Asp, Gly, He, Leu, Lys were lower in the mutation strain. During 48 h, the Q1 had higher levels of Asp, Lys, Pro, Ala and Val, and lower levels of Glu, Arg, Leu and Ile, compared to the wild. The more Glu was synthesized by the activated GS/GOGAT pathway in Q1, and then the accumulation of relative amino acids (Pro, Arg and Ser) were up-regulated within 12 h growth. After 48 h growth, the amtR deletion obviously influenced accumulation of Ala, Asp and Pro. The amtR deletion could influence the growth and amino acids production, which could be useful to the production of amino acids.     

γ-氨基丁酸 (GABA) 毛叶茶品质成分分析

以毛叶茶为研究对象,通过真空厌氧处理将其制作成γ 氨基丁酸(GABA)毛叶茶,探求毛叶茶经厌氧处理后的品质成分变化。结果表明：(1)厌氧处理后的毛叶茶,其GABA含量显著提高,达到GABA茶标准。游离氨基酸、黄酮和生物碱含量也显著升高,但茶多酚和水浸出物含量降低。同时,真空处理还能促进儿茶素的转化。简单儿茶素含量呈降低趋势,ECG和CG含量显著提高,EGCG、GCG含量及酯型儿茶素总量却先增加后降低,最终总量与对照样无明显差异。(2) 毛叶茶中除含有一般的蛋白质氨基酸外,还含有普通茶树品种所特有的特征氨基酸Thea,以及微量的GABA。游离氨基酸中含量较高的有Thea、Glu、Asp,较低的是Met、Cit、α ABA、Tau、Gly。Cysthi和EOHNH2是GABA毛叶茶中特有氨基酸。在真空厌氧条件下,GABA毛叶茶的游离氨基酸由于蛋白质发生降解而总量增加。其中P Ser、Thr、Ser、Asn、Pro、Gly、Cit、α ABA、Val、Cysthi、Ile、Leu、Tyr、Phe、GABA、Trp、Lys、His含量上升,Asp、Glu和α AAA含量均降低,而Ala 和Arg含量却呈现先增后降的趋势,Thea、Cys、Met等游离氨基酸含量在真空处理后无明显变化。     

Effect of the N1 residue on the stability of the alpha-helix for all 20 amino acids

N1 is the first residue in an alpha-helix. We have measured the contribution of all 20 amino acids to the stability of a small helical peptide CH(3)CO-XAAAAQAAAAQAAGY-NH(2) at the N1 position. By substituting every residue into the N1 position, we were able to investigate the stabilizing role of each amino acid in an isolated context. The helix content of each of the 20 peptides was measured by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The data were analyzed by our modified Lifson-Roig helix-coil theory, which includes the n1 parameter, to find free energies for placing a residue into the N1 position. The rank order for free energies is Asp(-), Ala > Glu(-) > Glu(0) > Trp, Leu, Ser > Asp(0), Thr, Gln, Met, Ile > Val, Pro > Lys(+), Arg, His(0) > Cys, Gly > Phe > Asn, Tyr, His(+). N1 preferences are clearly distinct from preferences for the preceding N-cap and alpha-helix interior. pK(a) values were measured for Asp, Glu, and His, and protonation-free energies were calculated for Asp and Glu. The dissociation of the Asp proton is less favorable than that of Glu, and this reflects its involvement in a stronger stabilizing interaction at the N terminus. Proline is not energetically favored at the alpha-helix N terminus despite having a high propensity for this position in crystal structures. The data presented are of value both in rationalizing mutations at N1 alpha-helix sites in proteins and in predicting the helix contents of peptides.     

Amino acid sequence of a protease inhibitor isolated from Sarcophaga bullata determined by mass spectrometry.

The amino acid sequence of a protease inhibitor isolated from the hemolymph of Sarcophaga bullata larvae was determined by tandem mass spectrometry. Homology considerations with respect to other protease inhibitors with known primary structures assisted in the choice of the procedure followed in the sequence determination and in the alignment of the various peptides obtained from specific chemical cleavage at cysteines and enzyme digests of the S. bullata protease inhibitor. The resulting sequence of 57 residues is as follows: Val Asp Lys Ser Ala Cys Leu Gln Pro Lys Glu Val Gly Pro Cys Arg Lys Ser Asp Phe Val Phe Phe Tyr Asn Ala Asp Thr Lys Ala Cys Glu Glu Phe Leu Tyr Gly Gly Cys Arg Gly Asn Asp Asn Arg Phe Asn Thr Lys Glu Glu Cys Glu Lys Leu Cys Leu.     

The primary structure of the COOH-terminal half of cholera toxin subunit A1 containing the ADP-ribosylation site

The sequence of 96 amino acid residues from the COOH-terminus of the active subunit of cholera toxin, A₁, has been determined as PheAsnValAsnAspVal LeuGlyAlaTyrAlaProHisProAsxGluGlu GluValSerAlaLeuGlyGly IleProTyrSerGluIleTyrGlyTrpTyrArg ValHisPheGlyValLeuAsp GluGluLeuHisArgGlyTyrArgAspArgTyr TyrSerAsnLeuAspIleAla ProAlaAlaAspGlyTyrGlyLeuAlaGlyPhe ProProGluHisArgAlaTrp ArgGluGluProTrpIleHisHisAlaPro ProGlyCysGlyAsnAlaProArg(OH). This is the largest fragment obtained by BrCN cleavage of the subunit A₁ (M_r 23,000), and has previously been indicated to contain the active site for the adenylate cyclase-stimulating activity. Unequivocal identification of the COOH-terminal structure was achieved by separation and analysis of the terminal peptide after the specific chemical cleavage at the only cysteine residue in A₁ polypeptide. The site of self ADP-ribosylation in the A₁ subunit [C. Y. Lai, Q.-C. Xia, and P. T. Salotra (1983) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.116, 341–348] has now been identified as Arg-50 of this peptide, 46 residues removed from the COOH-terminus. The cysteine that forms disulfide bridge to A₂ subunit in the holotoxin is at position 91.