血清CD5L对肝脏疾病患者的临床意义研究

摘要 目的：检测CD5L水平在肝脏疾病患者血清中的变化,并分析其临床意义。方法：采用ELISA法检测41例慢性肝炎患者、192例肝硬化患者、69例肝癌患者和136例健康对照血清CD5L水平。全自动生化分析仪测定肝功能指标,Spearman相关性分析用于评估CD5L与肝功能指标的关系。受试者工作曲线（receiver operator characteristic, ROC）分析血清CD5L的潜在诊断价值。结果：与健康对照相比,CD5L水平在肝炎、肝硬化、肝癌患者中显著降低（P<0.01）。肝硬化患者血清CD5L水平较肝炎及肝癌患者显著降低（P<0.01）。肝硬化代偿期和失代偿期患者血清CD5L水平无显著差异。血清CD5L水平与FIB-4指数(肝纤维化评分)呈显著负相关（r=-0.2688,P=0.0001）。Spearman相关性分析结果显示：在肝炎患者中,血清CD5L与总胆红素（T-BIL）、直接胆红素（D-BIL）、间接胆红素（I-BIL）显著正相关;在肝硬化患者中,CD5L与其他肝功指标无显著相关性;在肝癌患者中,CD5L与碱性磷酸酶（ALP）显著正相关。以健康人为对照组,肝硬化患者为病例组,ROC分析显示血清CD5L的诊断特异性为85.3%,敏感性为77.1%。结论：CD5L水平在肝炎、肝硬化及肝癌患者血清中显著降低,且在肝硬化患者中最低。CD5L水平与肝纤维化评分FIB-4指数负相关,可作为监测肝纤维化进展的潜在生物标志物。     

AFP、AFU、β2-MG、CA199联合检测对原发性肝癌的早期诊断价值

目的:探讨原发性肝癌患者血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)、а-L岩藻糖苷酶(AFU)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、糖类抗原-199(CA199)的含量及其联合检测对原发性肝癌的早期诊断价值。方法:选择56例原发性肝癌患者、60名肝炎肝硬化患者和60名健康对照作为研究对象,分别应用比值法和化学发光法、生化法检测其血清AFP、AFU、β2-MG、CA199的含量。结果:原发性肝癌患者血清AFP、AFU、β2-MG、CA199含量均显着高于肝炎肝硬化组及健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);联合检测AFP、AFU、β2-MG、CA199四种肿瘤标志物,其阳性率达(85.7%)明显高于AFP(53.6%)、AFU(55.4%)、β2-MG(48.2%)和CA199(42.9%)单项检测组(P均<0.05);且AFP、AFU、β2-MG、CA199四种肿瘤标志物联合检测的敏感性均高于单一检测指标,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但其特异性显著低于AFU、β2-MG单项检测(P<0.05)。结论:联合检测血清AFP、AFU、β2-MG、CA199含量可以提高对原发性肝癌的阳性诊断率,对诊断及鉴别诊断原发性肝癌具有重要意义。     

AFP、AFU、β_2-MG、CA199联合检测对原发性肝癌的早期诊断价值

目的：探讨原发性肝癌患者血清甲胎蛋白（AFP）、а-L岩藻糖苷酶（AFU）、β2-微球蛋白（β2-MG）、糖类抗原-199（CA199）的含量及其联合检测对原发性肝癌的早期诊断价值。方法：选择56例原发性肝癌患者、60名肝炎肝硬化患者和60名健康对照作为研究对象,分别应用比值法和化学发光法、生化法检测其血清AFP、AFU、β2-MG、CA199的含量。结果：原发性肝癌患者血清AFP、AFU、β2-MG、CA199含量均显着高于肝炎肝硬化组及健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）;联合检测AFP、AFU、β2-MG、CA199四种肿瘤标志物,其阳性率达（85.7%）明显高于AFP（53.6%）、AFU（55.4%）、β2-MG（48.2%）和CA199（42.9%）单项检测组（P均〈0.05）;且AFP、AFU、β2-MG、CA199四种肿瘤标志物联合检测的敏感性均高于单一检测指标,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,但其特异性显著低于AFU、β2-MG单项检测（P〈0.05）。结论：联合检测血清AFP、AFU、β2-MG、CA199含量可以提高对原发性肝癌的阳性诊断率,对诊断及鉴别诊断原发性肝癌具有重要意义。     

乙型肝炎患者血清蛋白电泳谱变化规律的研究

研究乙型肝炎病毒患者血清蛋白的变化特点,探讨其与疾病进程的关系。从临床收集正常体检者血清和乙型肝炎病毒不同感染阶段的患者血清,按疾病类型进行分组。选用血清蛋白电泳技术检测白蛋白(ALB)、α1球蛋白、α2球蛋白,γ球蛋白百分含量及A/G。与正常对照组相比,重度慢性肝炎组、肝炎肝硬化组和原发性肝癌组中ALB、α1球蛋白、α2球蛋白明显降低,而γ球蛋白明显升高;重度慢性肝炎、肝炎肝硬化、原发性肝癌三组中A/G比值依次明显降低。急性乙型肝炎组和轻度慢性肝炎组的蛋白电泳各项指标均无明显变化。前白蛋白含量在急性乙型肝炎、轻度慢性肝炎、重度慢性肝炎、肝炎肝硬化和原发性肝癌组均明显降低。结果提示,蛋白电泳图谱随着乙型肝炎病毒感染的不同阶段会发生相应变化。A/G能够反应乙型肝炎病毒感染的中晚期进展,对乙型肝炎的诊断,治疗以及病情转归具有重要意义。     

脾切除术对肝癌发生的影响

目的:探讨脾切除术对肝炎后肝硬化脾亢患者的肝癌发生发展的影响。方法:回顾性研究369名肝硬化脾亢伴或不伴肝癌患者,经倾向性得分匹配方法(PS法)均衡分为无脾切除组(246例)和脾切除组(123例),分别比较脾切组中脾切除术对患者肝功能的影响和两组间肝癌发生率的差异。结果:脾切除术后患者AST、ALT在短期内有轻微升高,WBC和PLT记数明显增加,血清TBIL和PT也都降低。无脾切除组和脾切除组的肝癌发生率分别为33.33%和12.26%,卡方检验结果P<0.05,有统计学意义。结论:脾切除术不但可以改善肝硬化肝癌患者的肝功能,还可以降低肝硬化脾亢患者肝癌发生的危险。     

脾切除术对肝癌发生的影响

目的：探讨脾切除术对肝炎后肝硬化脾亢患者的肝癌发生发展的影响。方法：回顾性研究369名肝硬化脾亢伴或不伴肝癌患者,经倾向性得分匹配方法（PS法）均衡分为无脾切除组（246例）和脾切除组（123例）,分别比较脾切组中脾切除术对患者肝功能的影响和两组间肝癌发生率的差异。结果：脾切除术后患者AST、ALT在短期内有轻微升高,WBC和PLT记数明显增加,血清TBIL和PT也都降低。无脾切除组和脾切除组的肝癌发生率分别为33.33%和12.26%,卡方检验结果P〈0.05,有统计学意义。结论：脾切除术不但可以改善肝硬化肝癌患者的肝功能,还可以降低肝硬化脾亢患者肝癌发生的危险。     

高尔基体蛋白73与肝癌诊断

肝癌是我国最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,血清甲胎蛋白(α-fetoprotein,AFP)检查是目前肝癌诊断最常采用的手段,但血清AFP对肝癌诊断的灵敏度和特异性均不理想,因此,临床上迫切需要更理想的肝癌标志物。高尔基体蛋白73(Golgi protein 73,GP73)是一种II型高尔基体跨膜糖蛋白,与肝炎、肝硬化和肝癌等肝病的发生、发展密切相关,GP73对肝癌诊断的灵敏度和特异性为65%和90%,而核心岩藻糖化GP73对肝癌诊断的灵敏度和特异性则高达90%和100%。GP73有可能成为一种更理想的肝癌临床诊断标志物,而核心岩藻糖化的GP73在肝癌的早期诊断中可能具有更重要的意义。     

甲胎蛋白异质体在肝细胞癌中的诊断价值分析

目的:探讨甲胎蛋白异质体(AFP-L3)的检测对肝细胞肝癌(HCC)的诊断价值。方法:选取2009年2月至2012年11月在本院治疗的90例HCC患者为研究组,另选择同期接受治疗的慢性乙型肝炎患者30例和肝炎肝硬化患者30例作为对照组。观察三组患者的AFP、AFP-L3阳性率。结果:肝癌患者AFP和AFP-L3阳性率显著高于乙肝和肝硬化患者,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。乙肝和肝硬化两组患者的AFP及AFP-L3阳性率无显著差异(P0.05)。AFP400 ng/m L:肝癌组AFP-L3阳性率显著高于乙肝组和肝硬化组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:AFP-L3在HCC中的诊断价值较甲胎蛋白大,更适合在临床诊断中应用。     

miR-200a 及AFP 在肝癌、肝硬化患者血清中表达比较分析*

目的:分析miR-200a及AFP在肝癌、肝硬化患者血清中的表达水平并进行比较,探索其成为肝癌早期诊断血清标志物的可能性。方法:临床收集肝正常、肝硬化、肝癌患者血液标本。运用实时定量PCR技术检测血清miR-200a的相对表达情况,血清AFP水平从临床资料中提取。结果:临床标本分析结果显示,miR-200a在肝硬化及肝癌患者中均显著下调(P<0.05),AFP仅在肝癌患者中出现异常表达。结论:血清miR-200a极大程度地参与了肝癌发生,对肝硬化及肝癌具有一定的诊断价值。     

肝动脉栓塞化疗术对原发性肝癌伴 有不同类型肝炎后肝硬化患者预后的影响

目的:探讨肝动脉栓塞化疗(TACE)对原发性肝癌伴有不同肝炎后肝硬化类型患者术后肝功能、凝血功能及其对远期预后的影响。方法:2007年8月至2009年8月,131例曾行TACE的伴有不同肝炎后肝硬化原发性肝癌患者,以肝炎后肝硬化类别(乙肝、丙肝)分类,乙肝后肝硬化组为组1,丙肝后肝硬化组为组2,随访观察术后一年肝功能、凝血功能、血小板等的变化以及预后。两组研究因素采用SPSS17.0进行卡方检验,随访预后采用Kaplan-Meier方法计算生存率,Log-rank法检验生存差异。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果:随访统计结果显示术后半年和一年AST、ALT、ALP、GGT、PT、PLT在两组间均无统计学差异,(P>0.05);组一半年、一年远处转移率同组二差异间无统计学意义;组一半年、一年生存率分别为70.1%,48.1%;组二半年、一年生存率分别为68.5%,58.9%,两组间同期生存率差异无统计学意义。(X2=0.039,P=0.884;X2=0.183,P=0.669)。结论:TACE治疗PHC安全可靠,对于伴有乙肝或丙肝后肝硬化患者术后肝功能、凝血功能、疗效及预后效果相当。     

Statistical inference for net benefit measures in biomarker validation studies

Referral strategies based on risk scores and medical tests are commonly proposed. Direct assessment of their clinical utility requires implementing the strategy and is not possible in the early phases of biomarker research. Prior to late-phase studies, net benefit measures can be used to assess the potential clinical impact of a proposed strategy. Validation studies, in which the biomarker defines a prespecified referral strategy, are a gold standard approach to evaluating biomarker potential. Uncertainty, quantified by a confidence interval, is important to consider when deciding whether a biomarker warrants an impact study, does not demonstrate clinical potential, or that more data are needed. We establish distribution theory for empirical estimators of net benefit and propose empirical estimators of variance. The primary results are for the most commonly employed estimators of net benefit: from cohort and unmatched case-control samples, and for point estimates and net benefit curves. Novel estimators of net benefit under stratified two-phase and categorically matched case-control sampling are proposed and distribution theory developed. Results for common variants of net benefit and for estimation from right-censored outcomes are also presented. We motivate and demonstrate the methodology with examples from lung cancer research and highlight its application to study design.     

临床路径医疗管理模式的应用研究

对临床路径管理的现实需求、实施途径、问题与挑战等方面进行了论述。通过采用套餐的方式进行部署,以信息化平台作为实现手段是最为可行有效的办法。临床路径管理系统是多系统的集成平台,将会大大减少临床开医嘱时间;提高医务工作人员的工作效率;系统的预警功能将降低医疗差错的风险,确保医疗质量。在我国医药卫生体制改革和医疗保险制度逐步完善的背景下,临床路径具有巨大的实现价值和发展潜力。     

溶瘤麻疹病毒的临床研究与转化进展

肿瘤已成为危及全人类生命的重大疾病,虽然常规治疗手段如手术及放疗/化疗等不断发展,但对某些复发、难治性恶性肿瘤仍然束手无策,亟需安全、有效可行的治疗手段。在肿瘤基因治疗领域,能在肿瘤细胞内大量自我复制并选择性杀伤肿瘤细胞的溶瘤病毒(Oncolytic virus)逐渐崭露头角,目前溶瘤病毒抗瘤治疗备受关注。其中溶瘤麻疹病毒疫苗株(MV-Edm)因其可靠的安全性和优良的溶瘤效果已进入几项临床试验,为推动其临床转化奠定了基础,期望为肿瘤患者带来治疗上的突破。本文就目前溶瘤麻疹病毒的临床研究与转化进展的相关研究成果进行综述。     

临床生物化学与检验教育史话

临床生物化学与检验是在对人体正常、病理状况的生理生化变化过程认识的基础上,通过分析人体标本为疾病的诊断和治疗提供有用的信息。其课程主要内容包括糖类、脂类、核酸、蛋白质、酶、激素、有机小分子、血液气体、电解质、治疗性药物、临床毒物等的检测及其临床应用。临床生物化学与检验课程对临床医学和医学检验专业学生非常重要。本文对临床生物化学与检验课程建设的历史和现状进行了总结。     

Marginalising ‘eugenic anxiety’ through a rhetoric of ‘liberal choice’: a critique of the House of Commons Select Committee Report on reproductive technologies

In light of a recent House of Commons Select Committee investigation into the regulation of human reproductive technologies, this article critically evaluates the Committee's case for a devolved, libertarian-inspired framework for the regulation of reproductive technologies. In assessing the appropriate balance between legislation, regulation and reproductive freedom, the Committee rightly challenged those who exhibit a myopic history of eugenics to justify restricting reproductive choice. However, by uncritically embracing the tropes of procreative liberty and genetic progress, and defining eugenics in terms of intention rather than consequence, the Committee appeared to ignore or marginalise a number of sociological challenges to the presumptions couched within the doctrine of ‘liberal choice’. This article suggests that failure to consider the cultural and political context within which new technologies are shaped and social needs constructed might undermine any ostensible virtues of a devolved system of governance for reproductive medicine.     

A brief introduction of meta-analyses in clinical practice and research

With the explosive growth of medical information, it is almost impossible for healthcare providers to review and evaluate all relevant evidence to make the best clinical decisions. Meta-analyses, which summarize all existing evidence and quantitatively synthesize individual studies, have become the best available evidence for informing clinical practice. This article introduces the common methods, steps, principles, strengths and limitations of meta-analyses and aims to help healthcare providers and researchers obtain a basic understanding of meta-analyses in clinical practice and research.     

核酸适配子在医学中的应用研究

核酸适配子与其靶物质的结合过程类似于抗原抗体反应,凡涉及抗体的领域几乎都可以用核酸适配子代替。与抗体相比核酸适配子具有稳定性好、易于人工合成和修饰、靶分子范围更广、与靶物质结合的特异性和敏感性更强等优点。近年来,核酸适配子已广泛应用于药物研发、基础医学研究、疾病诊断、临床治疗等方面。     

某三甲医院临床路径管理的应用效果评价

目的 评价临床路径应用于7个有代表性单病种的临床效果。方法 用历史对照法选取单病种6 865例实施临床路径管理（路径组）和6 902例非临床路径管理（非路径组）,对住院费用、住院时间、抗生素的使用费用等指标进行综合比较 、评价。结果 路径组与非路径组住院费用、住院时间和抗生素费用比较,P均﹤0.05,2组在3项评价指标上比较,差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）。结论 7个单病种的临床路径管理可以降低住院费用及抗生素费用,缩短住院时间。     

蝮蛇抗栓酶—3号治疗脑梗死333例临床分析

目的 研究分析蝮蛇抗栓酶３号（司威特牌）治疗脑梗死的临床效果。方法 总结３３３例完整的临床资料及经头颅ＣＴ证实脑梗死病人用药前后特点,其中男２３４例,女９９例,急性期２３２例,恢复期７０例,后遗症期３１例。分析病情、病程、地大小和部位与疗效的关系,对用药前后血液流变学、血脂、血小板、凝血酶原时间、出凝血时间进行统计学分析。观察各项指标的变化。结果 病情越重、病程越长,疗效越差。病灶的大小,部位也影     

Lead intoxication: A summary of the clinical presentation among Thai patients

Lead is an important toxic metal found in industrial communities. Due to the industrialization in the recent decade in Thailand, lead intoxication as a toxicant-related disorder becomes a new public health problem. A retrospective study on clinical presentation of hospitalized patients with diagnosis of lead intoxication during year 1990–1999 in King Chulalongkorn Memorial hospital, the largest Thai Red Cross Society Hospital, was performed. All 14 cases diagnosed with lead intoxication were identified in our series. Average age of the subjects was 25.55 ± 21.93 years old. Male predominance was detected in our series (male:female = 12:2). Two main groups of subjects as; (1) childhood aged below 10 years old (male:female = 4:2) and (2) adult aged between 24 and 60 years old (n = 8, all male), can be identified. For the first group, the clinical presentations were convulsion (n = 3), unexplained anemia (n = 1), attention deficit (n = 1) and asymptomatic (n = 1), respectively. All of the subjects in this group presented the history of living at the old battery plant area. Five of the six cases came from the same village. For the second group, the clinical presentations were unexplained abdominal pain (n = 5), chronic renal failure (n = 1), unexplained anemia (n = 1) and asymptomatic (n = 1), respectively. Most of the subjects (75%) in this group presented the history of working in the battery plant for more than 10 years. Another case presented the history of gunshot and residual bullet in the bone marrow. The other one left is an interesting case with the history of prolonged usage of ritual pill and holy paper incineration. Like other studies, battery plant had strong relation with the lead intoxication. Although the total identified cases are rather few, there may be more undetected asymptomatic lead intoxication cases in the community. Specific control of lead resulted from battery plant and monitoring of the workers as public health strategies are still recommended. This work was a poster presentation at the IXth International Congress of Toxicology, 8–13 July 2001, Brisbane, Australia and the abstract was published in Toxicology Volume 164 (Abstracts of the IXth International Congress of Toxicology, 8–13 July 2001, Brisbane, Australia).