五加科植物发状根诱导研究进展

五加科植物多为重要的中药材,利用发根农杆菌诱导五加科药用植物产生发状根,并从中获取有用的次生代谢产物,是保护五加科珍稀药用植物资源和实现有效次生代谢物质工业化生产的有效途径。该文在概述发根农杆菌转化药用植物研究历程和转化机理研究的基础上,对近年来在发根农杆菌诱导五加科植物的种类及诱导率、影响发根农杆菌诱导五加科植物的各种因素和利用发根农杆菌诱导五加科植物获得再生植株等方面研究进行了重点分析,并对今后亟需研究的几个重点方向进行了展望,以期为五加科药用植物的良性开发和合理利用提供参考。     

发根农杆菌介导的药用植物遗传转化研究进展

发根农杆菌介导的植物遗传转人旨近年来发展起来的一项新的植物遗传转化技术。本文就发根农杆菌Ｒ１闰的结构、发根农杆菌介导的植物遗传转化的方法和步骤,以及运用这一技术获得药用植物次生代谢产物的研究进展作一全面介绍。     

Ri质粒介导的毛状根体系建立及其在植物次生代谢产物合成中的研究进展

发根农杆菌Ri质粒可诱导植物产生毛状根体系,该体系具有遗传性状稳定且增殖速度快的特点,可用于药用植物次生代谢产物的生产研究,为利用生物反应器技术进行药用植物有效成分工业化水平的发酵培养开辟了新途径。本文主要综述了发根农杆菌Ri质粒介导的植物毛状根体系遗传转化机理,并对毛状根体系在药用植物次生代谢产物生产中的研究现状进行了深入分析,为从基因水平上调控植物次生代谢产物的合成提供新思路。     

利用栝楼发根生产天花粉蛋白的研究

利用发根农杆菌 (Agrobacterium rhizogenes)菌株 R1 60 1 ,成功地从药用植物栝楼 (Trichosantheskirilowii Maxim.)中诱导出发根并建立了栝楼发根的离体培养系统。通过蛋白质印迹法对栝楼发根的天花粉蛋白进行了鉴定。利用 SDS- PAGE和 TLC扫描 ,测定出每克鲜重栝楼发根中天花粉蛋白的含量可达 8.1 6mg。     

何首乌毛状根的诱导和培养(简报)

发根农杆菌（Agrobacteriumrhizogenes）侵染后,通过其Ri质粒的T－DNA片段在植物细胞基因组中整合,诱导形成毛状根（hairyroot）l’l。利用生长迅速、生产效能高而稳定的毛状根培养物生产药用植物的次生物质,已有不少报道「一习。但未见发根农杆菌对何首乌遗传转化的报道。何首乌（Polygonu。。ltij7orumThunb．）为常用中药,其块根为乌须发、悦颜色、益精养血和抗衰老的要药。本文报道发根农杆菌对何首乌遗传转化的实验结果,为今后用毛状根培养物生产何首乌的次生物质打下基础。l材料和方法细菌菌株及培养发根农杆菌（Agrobacteri…     

何首乌毛状根培养及其活性成分的产生

利用发根农杆菌LBA940 2诱导药用植物何首乌产生毛状根。PCR扩增和Southern印迹杂交实验证实发根农杆菌中Ri质粒的T-DNA片段已整合进入植物核基因组中。经过基本培养基的筛选和毛状根生长动力学的考察 ,确立了何首乌毛状根在MS培养基中的最佳继代时间为 30d左右。HPLC实验测定结果显示 ,毛状根培养物中大黄酸的含量是原植物的 2 85倍     

发根农杆菌转化龙胆再生植株的研究

本文利用具Ri质粒的发根农杆菌(Agrobacterium rhizogenes)通过叶盘法对药用植物龙胆(Gentiana manshurica Kitagawa)进行了转化实验,发根农杆菌15834感染龙胆,诱发产生毛状根,并得到再生的龙胆植株,冠瘿碱检测实验表明,再生植株显示甘露碱带(mannopine),说明发根农杆菌Ri质粒的T-DNA部分已转移到龙胆植物细胞中。再生的龙胆丛生苗可以在不含激素的简化培养基上快速无限繁殖,转化的龙胆植株明显具有发达的根系,且根部龙胆苦甙含量比对照高,从而为东北龙胆栽培事业的发展以及龙胆有效成份的工业化生产提供了新的途径。     

发根农杆菌转化龙胆再生植株的研究

本文利用具Ri质粒的发根农杆菌(Agrobacterium rhizogenes)通过叶盘法对药用植物龙胆（Genriana manshurics Kitagaua）进行了转化实验,发根农杆菌15834感染龙胆,诱发产生毛状根,并得到 再生的龙胆植株。冠瘦碱检测实验表明,再生植株显示甘露碱(mannopine)带,说明发根农杆菌Ri质 粒的T-DNA部分已整合到龙胆植物细胞中。再生的龙胆丛生苗可以在不含激素的简化培养基上快速 繁殖,转化的龙胆植株具有发达的根系,根部龙胆苦贰含量比对照高,从而为东北龙胆栽培事业的发展 以及龙胆有效成份的工业化生产提供了基础资料。     

Ri质粒转化桔梗再生植株的研究

本文用具Ｒｉ质粒的发根农杆菌（Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｕｍｒｈｉｚｏｇｅｎｅｓ）的不同菌株通过叶盘法和直接注射法对药用植物桔梗（Ｐ．ｇｒａｎｄｉｆｌｏｒｕｍＡＤＣ）进行感染试验,系统地研究了发根农杆菌诱导桔梗产生毛状根的能力及影响因素,阐明了桔梗的Ｒｉ质粒Ｔ－ＤＮＡ转化体多样性的原因,为转化体的筛选与鉴定提供了依据。还探讨了Ｒｉ质粒做为植物基因工程载体系统的可行性,为进一步开展植物基因工程载体系统的构建提供基础资料。     

发根农杆菌Ri质粒研究进展

就发根农杆菌Ri质粒的研究进展进行了综述和展望。包括Ri质粒的特性,转化机制及转化方法,影响农杆菌转化成功的因素以及发根农杆菌的应用。     

Hairy Root and Its Application in Plant Genetic Engineering

Agrobacterium rhizogenes Conn. causes hairy root disease In plants. Hairy root-Infected A. rhizogenes Is characterlzed by a high growth rate and genetic stability. Hairy root cultures have been proven to be an efficient means of producing secondary metabolites that are normally biosyntheslzed In roots of differentiated plants. Furthermore, a transgenlc root system offers tremendous potential for introducing additional genes along with the RI plasmld, especially with modified genes, into medicinal plant cells with A. rhizogenes vector systems. The cultures have turned out to be a valuable tool with which to study the biochemical properties and the gene expression profile of metabolic pathways. Moreover, the cultures can be used to elucidate the Intermediates and key enzymes Involved In the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. The present article discusses various appllcations of hairy root cultures in plant genetic engineering and potential problems aseoclsted with them.     

Genetic transformation<Emphasis Type="Italic"> of Pueraria phaseoloides </Emphasis>with<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Agrobacterium rhizogenes</Emphasis> and puerarin production in hairy roots

An efficient transformation system for the medicinal plant Pueraria phaseoloides was established by using agropine-type Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC15834. Hairy roots could be obtained directly from the cut edges of petioles of leaf explants or via callus 10 days after inoculation with the bacteria. The highest frequency of explant transformation by A. rhizogenes ATCC15834 was about 70% after infection for 30 days. Hairy roots could grow rapidly on solid, growth regulator-free Murashige and Skoog medium and had characteristics of transformed roots such as fast growth and high lateral branching. Paper electrophoresis revealed that bacteria-free hairy roots of P. phaseoloides could synthesize agropine and mannopine. The polymerase chain reaction amplification of rooting locus genes showed that left-hand transferred DNA of the root inducing plasmid of A. rhizogenes was inserted into the genome of transformed P. phaseoloides hairy roots. The content of puerarin in hairy roots reached a level of 1.190 mg/g dry weight and was 1.067 times the content in the roots of untransformed plants.     

影响毛状根生长及其次生代谢产物合成因素的研究进展

利用发根农杆菌转化药用植物,并对毛状根进行离体培养,大量提取重要成分,是药用资源植物可持续发展的有效途径之一。讨论了毛状根的诱导、影响毛状根生长及次生代谢产物形成的因素、利用毛状根培养技术生产植物次生代谢物的最新研究进展。     

Hairy root research: recent scenario and exciting prospects

High stability of the production of secondary metabolites is an interesting characteristic of hairy root cultures. For 25 years, hairy roots have been investigated as a biological system for the production of valuable compounds from medicinal plants. A better understanding of the molecular mechanism of hairy root development, which is based on the transfer of Agrobacterium rhizogenes T-DNA into the plant genome, has facilitated its increasing use in metabolic engineering. Hairy roots can also produce recombinant proteins from transgenic roots, and thereby hold immense potential for the pharmaceutical industry. In addition, hairy roots offer promise for phytoremediation because of their abundant neoplastic root proliferation. Recent progress in the scaling-up of hairy root cultures is making this system an attractive tool for industrial processes.     

农杆菌双组分信号转导系统中VirG蛋白结构与转化功能的分析

农杆菌介导的转化方法在植物、真菌基因转化上有着重要意义,其中VirG蛋白起着重要作用.利用多种序列、结构分析对比软件,对根癌农杆菌和发根农杆菌4种代表性VirG蛋白基本性质、一级结构、二级结构、三级结构和表面静电势进行了预测比较和分析,发现N端差异较大.来自发根农杆菌的VirG蛋白更是在N端缺失了一段氨基酸,这可能是发根农杆菌转化效率低于根癌农杆菌的一个重要原因.结合文献关于定点突变的研究结果,经过总结分析VirG蛋白各位点突变对功能的影响,发现只有诸如N54和I77等少数位点的突变才对功能有促进作用.这些研究结果为提高农杆菌,尤其是发根农杆菌的侵染能力和范围提供了理论依据.     

Genetic transformation and hairy root induction in Holostemma ada-kodien K. Schum--a vulnerable medicinal plant

Hairy roots were induced from shoot buds and seedling hypocotyls of Holostemma by infection with agropine type Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains. Type of explant, Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain used for infection, co-culture time and photoperiod influenced the transformation frequencies. Hairy roots were induced from seedling hypocotyls and shoot bud explants upon infection with agropine type Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains. The hairy roots were thin, whitish in colour and showed negatively geotropic growth. The transformed nature of hairy roots was confirmed by opine analysis.     

Production of transgenic sugarbeet plants (Beta vulgaris L.) using Agrobacterium rhizogenes

Normal phenotype sugarbeet plants transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes were produced using direct regeneration from explants without hairy root phase. Kanamycin resistant plants and Ri-roots carrying the genes of neomycin phosphotransferase II and b-glucuronidase have been obtained. Integration of transgenes into sugarbeet genome was confirmed with GUS-assay and PCR using primers for the introduced genes.     

lacZ gene fusions and insertion mutagenesis in the TL-region of Agrobacterium rhizogenes Ri plasmid

Agrobacterium rhizogenes induces root formation and inserts a fragment of its plasmid into the genome of infected plants. A part of the transferred region (TL-region) of the Ri plasmid of A. rhizogenes strain A4 was cloned in pBR322. Insertions of the Escherichia coli lacZ coding region into the hybrid plasmids were made in vivo using mini-Mu-duction. Two mini-Mus were used, one with the Mu A and B transposase genes (MudII1681) and the other without (MudII1734). Two inserts which result in E. coli lacZ expression where shown to be located in the T-DNA region. This indicates that portions of the T-DNA are capable of expression in bacteria. When these two hybrid plasmids were transformed into Agrobacterium only the one harboring MudII1734 insert gave transformants which correspond to homologous recombination. These results indicate that gene fusion and insertion directed mutagenesis can be simultaneously obtained with this mini-Mu and could be used to study Agrobacterium gene expression.