COMPARATIVE ONTOGENETIC STUDIES IN YOUNG SPOROPHYTES OF TREE FERNS. I. A PRIMITIVE AND AN ADVANCED TAXON

Ontogenetic studies of young sporophytes were undertaken to determine anatomical and morphological differences between a primitive (Lophosoria quadripinnata) and an advanced (Sphaeropteris elongata) tree fern. In both species the first leaf is simple, fanshaped, and possesses dichotomous venation. Later-formed leaves exhibit either a pinnate or bipinnate pattern of laminar dissection. As the sporophyte matures, the stelar pattern changes from a protostele to an amphiphloic siphonostele, and finally to a dictyostele in Sphaeropteris. Medullation of the protostele occurs either prior to or after the formation of the first leaf trace in both species. Differentiation of xylem in the shoot is acropetal and the appearance of mature protoxylem occurs closer to the apical meristem in Sphaeropteris. The nodal pattern varies within each species with a no gap 1-trace pattern characteristic for the first two or three leaves, depending upon the taxon. In Lophosoria subsequent leaves possess a unilacunar 1-trace nodal pattern, whereas a complete nodal series (1 gap 1-trace to 1 gap 6-trace) occurs in Sphaeropteris. Fusiform leaf gaps are noted in both species. The shoot apical meristem is dominated by a single apical cell, with an organized apical cell first found in P₂. Stem, root, and petiole anatomy are discussed.     

Studies on Intercellular Pectic Strands of Leaf Palisade Parenchyma

Regular rows (‘scala’) of pectic strands of uniformthickness interconnect palisade cells of leaves of a wide rangeof plant species, the leaf lamina of which possesses a regularpalisade layer. As the strands can be viewed by scanning electronmicroscopy of fractured, uncoated, fresh frozen leaves, theyare not artefacts. The techniques of electron probe analysis have been used toexamine fresh frozen leaves of holly in which there are regularpectic scala. Evidence is presented to support the view alreadyput forward, to explain the origin of the strands, that theyare deficient in calcium. The strands are shown to be rich inpotassium which, like the potassium in leaf cells, can be readilyleached with water. The advantages of fresh frozen plant material for elementalelectron probe analyses as well as problems arising from surfaceirregularities and surface charging, are discussed. pectic strands, leaf palisade parenchyma, electron-probe micro analysis, calcium, potassium     

Comparative studies of the vascular system of node-leaf continuum in woody ranales

The vascularization of the node-leaf continuum in the first to eighth foliage leaves of the first-year plant ofMagnolia virginiana is investigated. The cotyledonary node is a 4-trace, 3-lacunar type. Vascularization in the cotyledonary node is fundamentally different from that in the folair node of the same plant. As a result, the cotyledonary vascularization is only described but not compared to that in the foliar node-leaf continuum. Considerable diversity occurs in the node-leaf vascularization of the first-year plants. A 5-trace, 4-lacunar vascular system is constant in the lower folair nodes; this is considered to be the fundamental vascular pattern in the node-leaf continuum of the species. In contrast, the nodal anatomy and petiolar vascularization fluctuate widely in the third to eighth leaves of the first-year plants. Variation is found not only between different nodes of a single plant but even in the corresponding nodes of different individuals. The evidence clearly indicates that variation always correlates with certain members of the leaf-trace complement; thus, either the ventral and/or marginal lateral bundles undergo phylogenetical reduction or amplification.     

Cytotoxic and antiviral activities of Colombian medicinal plant extracts of the Euphorbia genus

Forty-seven plant extracts of 10 species of the genus Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) used by Colombian traditional healers for the treatment of ulcers, cancers, tumors, warts, and other diseases, were tested in vitro for their potential antitumour (antiproliferative and cytotoxic) and antiherpetic activity. To evaluate the capacity of the extracts to inhibit the lytic activity of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and the reduction of viability of infected or uninfected cell cultures, the end-point titration technique (EPTT) and the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] colorimetric assay were used, respectively. The therapeutic index of the positive extracts for the antiviral activity was determined by calculating the ratio CC50 (50% cytotoxic concentration) over IC50 (50% inhibitory concentration of the viral effect). Five of the 47 extracts (11%) representing 3 out of 10 Euphorbia species (30%) exhibited antiherpetic action; the highest activity was found in the leaf/stem water-methanol extracts from E. cotinifolia and E. tirucalli. The therapeutic indexes of these two plant species were > 7.1; these extracts exhibited no cytotoxicity. Six extracts (13%) representing 4 plant species (40%) showed cytotoxic activity. The highest cytotoxicity was found in the dichloromethane extract obtained from E. cotinifolia leaves and the CC50 values for the most susceptible cell lines, HEp-2 and CHO, were 35.1 and 18.1 microgram/ml, respectively.     

Interactive effects of elevated C02 and temperature on the anatomical characteristics of leaves in eleven species

The anatomical features of leaves in 11 species of plants grown in a temperature gradient and a temperature + CO2 gradient were studied.The palisade parenchyma thickness,the spongy parenchyma thickness and the total leaf thickness were measured and analyzed to investigate the effects of elevated temperature and CO2 on the anatomical characteristics of the leaves.Our results show that with the increase of temperature,the leaf thickness of C4 species increased while the leaf thickness of C3 species showed no constant changes.With increased CO2,seven out of nine C3 species exhibited increased total leaf thickness.In C4 species,leaf thickness decreased.As for the trend on the multi-grades,the plants exhibited linear or non-linear changes.With the increase of temperature or both temperature and CO2 for the 11 species investigated,leaf thickness varied greatly in different plants (species) and even in different branches on the same plant.These results demonstrated that the effect of increasing CO2 and temperature on the anatomical features of the leaves were species-specific.Since plant structures are correlated with plant functions,the changes in leaf anatomical characteristics in elevated temperature and CO2 may lead to functional differences.     

局部灼伤水田芥引起的电波传递以维管系统为主要通道

局部灼伤水田芥（ＮａｓｔｕｒｔｉｕｍｏｆｆｏｃｉｎａｌｅＲ．Ｂｒ．）叶片可引起动作电波、变异电波和持续电波震荡在茎中传递。本实验举出电波传递的主通道为维管系统。由于水田芥的叶序为２／５,灼伤叶片发出的电波首先传递到其维管束直接联接的第五叶片,随后才传递给临近部位的叶片。若把灼伤叶片和茎节连接的维管束切断,则茎中的电波传递即被阻止。用胞内电极可以检测到基层组织的薄壁细胞也有电波出现。     

Interactive effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on the anatomical characteristics of leaves in eleven species

The anatomical features of leaves in 11 species of plants grown in a temperature gradient and a temperature + CO₂ gradient were studied. The palisade parenchyma thickness, the spongy parenchyma thickness and the total leaf thickness were measured and analyzed to investigate the effects of elevated temperature and CO₂ on the anatomical characteristics of the leaves. Our results show that with the increase of temperature, the leaf thickness of C₄ species increased while the leaf thickness of C₃ species showed no constant changes. With increased CO₂, seven out of nine C₃ species exhibited increased total leaf thickness. In C₄ species, leaf thickness decreased. As for the trend on the multi-grades, the plants exhibited linear or non-linear changes. With the increase of temperature or both temperature and CO₂ for the 11 species investigated, leaf thickness varied greatly in different plants (species) and even in different branches on the same plant. These results demonstrated that the effect of increasing CO₂ and temperature on the anatomical features of the leaves were species-specific. Since plant structures are correlated with plant functions, the changes in leaf anatomical characteristics in elevated temperature and CO₂ may lead to functional differences.     

Variation of leaf traits and pigment content in three species of steppe plants depending on the climate aridity

Mesophyll structure and content of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of three species of steppe plants, Centaurea scabiosa L., Euphorbia virgata Waldst. et Kit., Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench, were investigated in four geographical sites of the Volga region and the Urals located in the forest-steppe and steppe zones. Variations of the studied parameters between geographical points depended both on the species and on the structural organization of the leaf. The highest level of variation was observed for leaf area and pigment content per unit leaf area, the size and the number of chloroplasts in the cell changed to a lesser extent. The leaf thickness, leaf area and mesophyll cell sizes mostly depended on the plant species. C. scabiosa had large leaves (40–50 cm²) with large thickness (280–290 μm) and large mesophyll cells (up to 15000 μm³). The leaves of H. arenarium and E. virgata were ten times smaller and characterized by 1.5 times smaller thickness and 2?3 times smaller cell size. Geographical location and climate of the region affected leaf density, proportion of partial tissue volume, and the ratio of the photosynthetic pigments. In the southern point of Volga region with the highest climate aridity, all studied species were characterized by maximum values of volumetric leaf density (LD), due to the high proportion of sclerenchyma and vascular bundles, and specificity of the mesophyll structure. With the decline in latitude, chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoid (Car) contents in leaf area were reduced, the ratio Chl/Car was increased, and the ratio Chl a/b was declined. The reduction of the pigment content in the leaf in all species was associated with a reduction in the amount of Chl per chloroplast, and for C. scabiosa and H. arenarium it was associated also with the reduction of chloroplast amount in the leaf area. In turn, chloroplast number per leaf area and the total cell area (A_mes/A) depended on the ratio of the number and size of mesophyll cells inherent to this plant species. At the same time, we found a similar mechanism of spatial organization of leaf restructuring for all studied species—decrease in A_mes/A was accompanied by increasing in the proportion of intercellular air spaces in the leaf. It is concluded that variations in structural and functional parameters of the photosynthetic apparatus of steppe plants were associated with plant adaptation to climate features. General direction of the changes of leaf parameters of the studied species with aridity was the increase of LD and the decrease of pigment content per leaf area however the cellular mechanisms of changes in the pigment content and integral parameters of mesophyll were determined by the plant species properties.     

VASCULAR ORGANIZATION IN SHOOTS OF CACTACEAE. I. DEVELOPMENT AND MORPHOLOGY OF PRIMARY VASCULATURE IN PERESKIOIDEAE AND OPUNTIOIDEAE

Primary shoot vasculature has been studied for 31 species of Pereskioideae and Opuntioideae from serial transections and stained, decorticated shoot tips. The eustele of all species is interpreted as consisting of sympodia, one for each orthostichy. A sympodium is composed of a vertically continuous axial bundle from which arise leaf- and areole-trace bundles and, in many species, accessory bundles and bridges between axial bundles. Provascular strands for leaf traces and axial bundles are initiated acropetally and continuously within the residual meristem, but differentiation of procambium for areole traces and bridges is delayed until primordia form on axillary buds. The differentiation patterns of primary phloem and xylem are those typically found in other dicotyledons. In all species vascular supply for a leaf is principally derived from only one procambial bundle that arises from axial bundles, whereas traces from two axial bundles supply the axillary bud. Two structural patterns of primary vasculature are found in the species examined. In four species of Pereskia that possess the least specialized wood in the stem, primary vascular systems are open, and leaf traces are mostly multipartite, arising from one axial bundle. In other Pereskioideae and Opuntioideae the vascular systems are closed through a bridge at each node that arises near the base of each leaf, and leaf traces are generally bipartite or single. Vascular systems in Pereskiopsis are relatively simple as compared to the complex vasculature of Opuntia, in which a vascular network is formed at each node by fusion of two sympodia and a leaf trace with areole traces and numerous accessory bundles. Variations in nodal structure correlate well with differences in external shoot morphology. Previous reports that cacti have typical 2-trace, unilacunar nodal structure are probably incorrect. Pereskioideae and Opuntioideae have no additional medullary or cortical systems.     

LATEX AND LATICIFER STARCH CONTENT OF DEVELOPING LEAVES OF EUPHORBIA PULCHERRIMA

Laticifer starch accumulation was compared to laticifer growth for developing leaves of Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. (poinsettia). Measurements of the laticifer-specific triterpenol, cycloartenol, in latex and in whole leaf extracts were used to calculate the total latex volume in leaves of different developmental stages. Latex volume and starch concentration in the latex were used to determine total laticifer starch and to compare laticifer growth and starch synthesis. Young leaves contained the highest latex and laticifer starch contents on dry wt and leaf area bases. In older expanding leaves, laticifer growth produced an increase in total latex volume accompanied by an increase in total laticifer starch. Laticifer growth and starch accumulation stopped upon cessation of leaf expansion. Starch concentration was similar in latex from all leaves, but differed between plant organs. Thus, laticifer starch accumulation correlated with laticifer growth, but mobilization of the starch out of the laticifer was not observed in old or senescent leaves. This is evidence that laticifer starch grains function within the laticifer independently of degradation or export to other cell types.     

Interactive effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on the anatomical characteristics of leaves in eleven species

The anatomical features of leaves in 11 species of plants grown in a temperature gradient and a temperature + CO₂ gradient were studied. The palisade parenchyma thickness, the spongy parenchyma thickness and the total leaf thickness were measured and analyzed to investigate the effects of elevated temperature and CO₂ on the anatomical characteristics of the leaves. Our results show that with the increase of temperature, the leaf thickness of C₄ species increased while the leaf thickness of C₃ species showed no constant changes. With increased CO₂, seven out of nine C₃ species exhibited increased total leaf thickness. In C₄ species, leaf thickness decreased. As for the trend on the multi-grades, the plants exhibited linear or non-linear changes. With the increase of temperature or both temperature and CO₂ for the 11 species investigated, leaf thickness varied greatly in different plants (species) and even in different branches on the same plant. These results demonstrated that the effect of increasing CO₂ and temperature on the anatomical features of the leaves were species-specific. Since plant structures are correlated with plant functions, the changes in leaf anatomical characteristics in elevated temperature and CO₂ may lead to functional differences. Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(2): 326–333 [译自: 生态学报]     

Tomato plant and leaf age effects on the probing and settling behavior of Frankliniella fusca and Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

The effect of tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L., plant and leaf age on the probing and settling behavior of Frankliniella fusca (Hinds) and F. occidentalis (Pergande) was studied using electrical penetration graph technique and whole plant bioassays. Male and female F. fusca probed and ingested more and for longer periods of time on 3- and 4-wk-old plants compared with 6- and 8-wk-old plants. Female F. fusca probed and ingested more frequently than males in the plant age experiment, but not in the leaf age experiment. F. fusca probed and ingested more frequently on 2- and 4-wk-old leaves compared with 1-wk-old leaves. Plant age did not affect the probing frequency or duration of F. occidentalis; however, males probed and ingested longer than females in the plant age experiment and on the oldest leaf in the leaf age experiment. Both thrips species preferred to settle on 3-wk-old plants. F. fusca preferred to settle on 4-wk-old leaves after settling randomly for an hour. F. occidentalis showed no settling preference relative to leaf age. The preference of F. fusca for young plants suggests that this species could attack tomato plants at a very early stage, which is important for understanding its role as a vector in the transmission of Tospovirus in the field.     

SYMMETRY IN EQUISETUM

Bierhorst , David W. (Cornell U., Ithaca, N. Y.) Symmetry in Equisetum. Amer. Jour. Bot. 46(3) : 170-179. Illus. 1959.—A total of 118 leaf whorls and corresponding nodes from a total of 9 species of Equisetum were studied in serial cross-section. The number of whorls having the same leaf number as the 2 adjacent ones was 67. The size of the arc measured in degrees of circumference occupied by each leaf, as well as its position relative to leaves of adjacent whorls were measured. The disposition of the internodal and trans-nodal vascular strands was determined for each of the nodes. The average per cent deviations from theoretical leaf size within whorls were: whorls not involved in change in leaf number, 3.9; those with fewer leaves than the one below, 9.5; those with more leaves than one above, 7.1; those with more leaves than one below, 9.4; those with different leaf number from the 2 adjacent ones, 12.5. In Equisetum, it is a general rule that (1) a leaf which falls directly above a leaf in the next whorl where the younger whorl possesses fewer leaves than the older one is usually the largest leaf within its whorl, (2) a leaf which falls directly below a leaf in the next younger whorl where the younger whorl possesses fewer leaves than the older one is usually the smallest leaf within its whorl, (3) a leaf which falls directly above a leaf in the next older whorl where the younger whorl possesses a greater number of leaves than the older one is usually the smallest leaf in its whorl, and (4) a leaf which falls directly below a leaf in the next younger whorl where the younger whorl possesses a greater number of leaves than the older one is usually the largest leaf within its whorl. The numerous variations in the disposition of vascular tissue associated with changes in leaf number are described. Double leaf traces which originate in various ways are common, as well as vertical strands traversing the nodes. The leaf trace system is considered to be determined by the number, position, and relative sizes of leaf primordia. The disposition of the trans-nodal protoxylem seems to be determined to a large extent by the proximity of the leaf traces above and below the node.     

Extraordinarily high leaf selenium to sulfur ratios define 'Se-accumulator' plants

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Selenium (Se) and sulfur (S) exhibit similar chemical properties. In flowering plants (angiosperms) selenate and sulfate are acquired and assimilated by common transport and metabolic pathways. It is hypothesized that most angiosperm species show little or no discrimination in the accumulation of Se and S in leaves when their roots are supplied a mixture of selenate and sulfate, but some, termed Se-accumulator plants, selectively accumulate Se in preference to S under these conditions. METHODS: This paper surveys Se and S accumulation in leaves of 39 angiosperm species, chosen to represent the range of plant Se accumulation phenotypes, grown hydroponically under identical conditions. RESULTS: The data show that, when supplied a mixture of selenate and sulfate: (1) plant species differ in both their leaf Se ([Se](leaf)) and leaf S ([S](leaf)) concentrations; (2) most angiosperms show little discrimination for the accumulation of Se and S in their leaves and, in non-accumulator plants, [Se](leaf) and [S](leaf) are highly correlated; (3) [Se](leaf) in Se-accumulator plants is significantly greater than in other angiosperms, but [S](leaf), although high, is within the range expected for angiosperms in general; and (4) the Se/S quotient in leaves of Se-accumulator plants is significantly higher than in leaves of other angiosperms. CONCLUSION: The traits of extraordinarily high [Se](leaf) and leaf Se/S quotients define the distinct elemental composition of Se-accumulator plants.     

PLANT SIZE AND FORM IN THE UNDERSTORY PALM GENUS GEONOMA: ARE SPECIES VARIATIONS ON A THEME?

This study addressed the hypothesis that phylogenetic changes in plant size at reproductive maturity may have facilitated adaptive radiation of Geonoma species within rain forest understory habitats. Leaf size, leaf form, plant size, and growth form were compared within and among 23 species of Geonoma from lowland and montane rain forest areas of Costa Rica and Colombia. Leaf size was significantly correlated with crown height in 18 of the 21 species examined, and with stem diameter in 17 of the species. In species characterized by a gradual ontogenetic transition from bifid to dissected leaves, shoots with bifid leaves were significantly smaller than shoots with dissected leaves with respect to rachis length, number of plications, and stem diameter. Among species, stem diameter below the crown explained 74% of the variation in leaf size (rachis length). Crown height and stem diameter were positively correlated among clustered species, but not among solitary species or all species combined. Leaf dissection was correlated with crown height among the 17 species with dissected leaves; species with bifid leaves were significantly smaller than species with dissected leaves with respect to leaf size and stem diameter. Solitary species had larger leaves and larger stem diameters than clustered species at the same crown heights. Morphological patterns among species generally followed within-species trends. These patterns suggest that Geonoma species are variants on a generic theme:within and among species, leaf size and complexity of form increase with stem diameter and crown height. Solitary and clustered growth forms appear to be morphologically convergent; within each of these architectural groups, the generic theme still applies. Evolutionary changes in leaf size, leaf form, and plant size, however, have clearly involved other factors in addition to variation in plant size.     

Leaf shelter-building caterpillars harness forces generated by axial retraction of stretched and wetted silk

Leaf shelter-building caterpillars generate most of the force required to pull leaf surfaces together by stretching silk strands while spinning. Axially retractive forces produced by columns of stretched strands enabled caterpillars in our study to generate forces as great as 0.3 Newtons (i.e., a 30-g force). We found that caterpillar silk also contracts instantly when wetted, producing an additional, though smaller, axially retractive force. Contraction ratios (final length/ original length) of the wetted silk of 19 species ranged from 0.21 to 0.93 and were smallest among species that use their silk to make leaf shelters. Our study, the first to identify the specific sources of the energy harnessed by caterpillars to tie, roll, or fold leaves, indicates that silk properties and caterpillar behavior have coevolved to facilitate the leaf shelter-building process.     

黄土丘陵区植物叶片与细根功能性状关系及其变化

通过植物叶片功能性状(比叶面积、叶组织密度、叶氮含量)和细根功能性状(比根长、根组织密度、根氮含量)间的相互关系,分析植物对环境的适应途径;然后根据性状间的差异进行了层次聚类,将物种划分为3大功能型,并分析了不同功能型对环境的适应策略.结果表明:黄土丘陵区延河流域149种植物的叶氮含量与比叶面积和根氮含量正相关、与叶组织密度负相关,比根长与根组织密度负相关,除了根氮含量,其余根性状与叶性状不相关.此外,功能性状间关系变化和适应策略在不同功能型之间也存在差异.功能型1的植物具有最强的耐旱力和防御力;功能型3的植物具有最强的养分维持能力用以对抗营养贫瘠的环境;功能型2的植物居中,生长速率最高,具有较强的竞争力、分布最广;根据C-S-R理论,功能型1和3属于“胁迫忍耐型”策略(S策略),功能型2则属于“竞争型”(C)和“干扰型”(R)策略的综合.研究结果为黄土丘陵区植被恢复规划及物种配置等提供依据.     

Initiation of Procambial Strands in Leaf Primordia of Bread Wheat, Triticum aestivum L

In Triticum aestivum L. the median and lateral procambial strandsserving the primordia originate independently and in isolationfrom the vascular system of the rest of the plant. The medianstrand is initiated first, followed by a succession of lateralstrands during the next four or so plastochrones. The medianand first lateral strands have their point of origin in theaxis, in the disc of insertion of the primordium. The laterlaterals are initiated up in the primordium. Once initiatedthe procambial strands extend from their point of origin bothacropetally and basipetally, the latter extension eventuallylinking them to strands associated with older leaves. It wouldappear that the materials necessary for the growth of the apicaldome and of the first four leaf primordia are supplied by generaldiffusion and not via direct vascular connexions with the restof the plant.     

Photosynthesis-Nitrogen Relationships in Pioneer Plants of Disturbed Tropical Montane Forest Sites

Tropical forest disturbances lead to the establishment of secondary successional plant communities constituted by light demanding species with high relative growth rate that conduct to rapid canopy closure. Two main strategies for N nutrition are: (a) mineral N acquisition in the form of NH4 and NO3, and (b) symbiotic atmospheric N2 fixation. Given the high N requirement for maximization of leaf area and radiant energy absorption, we hypothesize that contrasting strategies of N nutrition in these environments are reflected in leaf photosynthetic characteristics. We compared the N-photosynthesis relationships and carbon balance parameters per unit leaf area as they vary with age in two species with contrasting N acquisition strategies: a N2-fixer Crotalaria anagyroides HBK (Papilionoideae), and a mineral-N user Verbesina turbacensis HBK (Asteraceae). N2 fixation capacity was associated to higher specific leaf area (SLA), higher photosynthetic capacity (Pmax) per unit leaf area and leaf mass, and higher N content per unit leaf mass. The N2-fixer species showed higher slope in the relationship Pmax-N per unit leaf mass and area when compared to the leaves of non-fixer species. Moreover, the intrinsic photosynthetic N use efficiency (Pmax/N) was higher in the N2 fixer than in leaves of the non-fixer species. Changes in N due to leaf age resulted in larger changes in CO2 flux density at the leaf level in the N2-fixer species. The higher photosynthetic capacity of the N2-fixer species was mechanistically related to higher stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration (ci) values closer to atmospheric CO2 concentration (ca), and lower intrinsic water use efficiency than the mineral N-user species. Despite their higher Pmax per unit leaf area, total non-structural saccharides concentration was lower in mature leaves of the N2-fixer plant as compared to the non-fixer counterpart. This might be caused by the presence of a larger root sink (symbionts) stimulating saccharides export and higher diurnal respiration rates.     

Host plants impact courtship vibration transmission and mating success of a parasitoid wasp,Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Host plants provide food, shelter, and mating habitats for herbivorous and parasitoid insects. Yet each plant species is a microhabitat with distinct chemical and physical attributes that may drive selection and diversification of insects. This study examines differences in courtship vibration signal transmission through leaves of three host plant species that vary in physical characteristics (leaf tissue density, leaf width and percent moisture) and how signal transmission relates to mating success for a parasitoid wasp. The vibration signals transmit with a longer duration and a higher relative amplitude in the host plant leaves of the species with the lowest leaf tissue density, which was also the plant type with the highest mating frequency. Host plants may be a selective force on courtship vibration signals and may contribute to the behavioral or genetic divergence of populations on different host plant species.