基于叶形特征的切花菊品种鉴别

通过测定、计算获得40个切花菊品种叶片的6个定性分级性状及叶片的长宽比、尖削度、裂片长宽比、裂片开张度等14个叶形结构参数。以6个定性分级性状为变量,用聚类法选取叶形相似性大的18个切花菊品种,通过多元判别分析法对18个品种叶片的形态结构参数进行数值化鉴别。结果表明,18个叶形相似的品种多元判别的平均拟合率为88．28％,达到了判别品种的目的。说明根据叶形的测量数据能对切花菊品种进行有效鉴别。     

Does Ethylene Treatment Mimic the Effects of Pollination on Floral Lifespan and Attractiveness?

In some species pollination may result in rapid changes in perianth colour and form (petal senescence and abscission, flower closure), rendering the flowers less attractive to pollinators. It has been suggested that this effect is mediated by ethylene. Flowers from about 200 species and 50 families were exposed to ethylene (3 ppm for 24 h at 20 degrees C). The effects on petal senescence and abscission have been described previously. Flower closure and perianth colour changes were generally ethylene-sensitive, but responses showed no consistency within families. Several flowers known to respond to pollination by rapid cessation of attractiveness were also exposed to ethylene: this produced the same effect as pollination, both on flower colour and form. Species that respond to pollination by changing flower form or colour were found exclusively in families in which the species are generally ethylene-sensitive (with regard to changes in perianth form and colour). However, several families are generally ethylene-sensitive but contain no species reported to respond to pollination.     

三种葱属植物花形态及花药解剖结构观察

蒙古韭(Allium mongolicum Regel)、细叶韭(Allium tenuissimum L.)、野韭(Allium ramosumL.)作为野生蔬菜近年来受到人们的青睐,一些学者对这三种葱属植物进行了初步研究,但对其解剖结构的研究未见报道.通过田间观察和石蜡切片法,对这三种葱属植物花的形态及花药解剖结构进行了观察,结果表明:三种葱属植物花的形态结构差异明显,花粉粒的形状及大小也有明显的差别:野韭花粉粒为长卵形,细叶韭为卵圆形,蒙古韭为近半圆形;从花粉粒大小来看,野韭最大,蒙古韭次之,细叶韭最小.通过以上研究揭示了三种葱属植物花药解剖学特征,从而为葱属植物分类标准、亲缘关系鉴定、生殖发育等方面的进一步研究提供理论依据.     

拟青霉属一嗜热新种,短链拟青霉Paecilomyces curticatenatus

从福建福州荔枝根际土样中分离到一嗜热单瓶梗拟青霉新种,短链拟青霉。其主要鉴别特征为:在查氏培养基上,35℃,14天,菌落边缘浅波浪状,灰褐色;分生孢子梗缺乏或简单,瓶梗直接单生于气生菌丝上,偶而在简单的分生孢子梗上着生有由2~3个瓶梗组成的轮生体;分生孢子微粗糙,大多近球形至椭圆形,少数梭形;分生孢子链短,常由3~6个孢子组成。     

拟青霉属一嗜热新种,短链拟青霉Paecilomyces curticatenatus

从福建福州荔枝根际土样中分离到一嗜热单瓶梗拟青霉新种,短链拟青霉。其主要鉴别特征为:在查氏培养基上,35℃,14天,菌落边缘浅波浪状,灰褐色;分生孢子梗缺乏或简单,瓶梗直接单生于气生菌丝上,偶而在简单的分生孢子梗上着生有由2~3个瓶梗组成的轮生体;分生孢子微粗糙,大多近球形至椭圆形,少数梭形;分生孢子链短,常由3~6个孢子组成。     

拟青霉属一嗜热新种,短链拟青霉Paecilomyces curticatenatus

从福建福州荔枝根际土样中分离到一嗜热单瓶梗拟青霉新种,短链拟青霉。其主要鉴别特征为:在查氏培养基上,35℃,14天,菌落边缘浅波浪状,灰褐色;分生孢子梗缺乏或简单,瓶梗直接单生于气生菌丝上,偶而在简单的分生孢子梗上着生有由2~3个瓶梗组成的轮生体;分生孢子微粗糙,大多近球形至椭圆形,少数梭形;分生孢子链短,常由3~6个孢子组成。     

龙眼果实品质评价理化指标体系的构建

为了解龙眼果实成熟品质的构成因素及其相互关系,构建科学的品质评价体系,本研究以30个龙眼品种为试材,观察、测定了43个品质相关的理化指标,综合运用多种统计方法,对果实不同类型品质进行评价,构建预测模型,提出综合品质类型可用的判别公式。结果表明,(1)筛选出构成龙眼果实表观性状、经济性状、内在品质和综合品质的公因子成分及其解释指标。(2)建立了4种类型品质的评价模型及其评价指标库,据此计算出的品质预测值与其因子分析综合评分均极显著相关,具有较好的预测效果。(3)依据综合品质评分将30个品种分成3类:低糖大果型、高糖中果型、高糖小果型,依据自然属性和应用价值2类评价指标,对分类结果分别进行了自身验证和交叉验证判别分析,结果表明都具有较高的判别准确率,价值评估方法基本能够满足自然分类和应用分类的共同需要。总之,龙眼果实综合品质评价指标包括果肉葡萄糖含量、可溶性固形物(TSS)含量、果肉流汁、肉厚率、果肉质地、可食率和单果重,达到7个指标全优可以作为龙眼新品种选育的一个重要目标。     

中国传统大菊叶片形态的数量化定义与分类

中国传统大菊品种叶片形态变异丰富,然而至今仍未对其进行科学的定义和分类,无法有效利用这些形态性状进行品种鉴定和叶形遗传解析。利用数量化分析方法对植物形态进行定义和分类,是植物性状遗传解析的前提。对436个中国传统大菊品种的24个叶形性状进行重新定义及观测,通过相关性分析确定了8个相对独立的性状,用变异系数及主成分分析等...     

韭兰的几种花形变异及初步分析

首次报道了韭兰的多种花被裂片数目、雄蕊数目及其它变异类型。花被裂片数目变异的频率明显高于雄蕊数目变异。花被筒基部弯曲变异也较常见,而且与花被裂片数目增多的变异存在相关性。跟踪观察结果表明:韭兰的花形变异是不稳定的,但是可以在同一植株中重复出现。分析认为:韭兰的花形变异发生在花亚区的形成期,不能用花器官发育的\"ABC模型\"以及由\"ABC模型\"为基础发展而来的\"ABCD模型\"和\"AB-CDE模型\"解释。其变异原因既与花器官亚区形成的早期调节有关,也与细胞分裂速度改变有关。韭兰的花形变异是相关基因受到体内某种因素的影响所致。花形变异的不稳定性可能与转座遗传因子有关。     

Effect of ethylene on flower abscission: a survey

The effect of ethylene on flower abscission was investigated in monocotyledons and eudicotyledons, in about 300 species from 50 families. In all species studied except Cymbidium, flower abscission was highly sensitive to ethylene. Flower fall was not consistent among the species in any family studied. It also showed no relationship with petal senescence or abscission, nor with petal colour changes or flower closure. Results suggest that flower abscission is generally mediated by endogenous ethylene, but that some exceptional ethylene-insensitive abscission occurs in the Orchidaceae.     

假暗盘菌属一新种——中华假暗盘菌

报道了分离自福建蛇足石杉上的假暗盘菌属Pseudoplectania一新种,中华假暗盘菌Pseudoplectania sinica。基于形态学及分子系统学分析对其进行了鉴定。研究标本保存于齐鲁医药学院实验室和中国普通微生物菌种保藏管理中心（CGMCC）。     

The influence of light quality on rose flower senescence: involvement of abscisic acid

The aim of this work was to study the impact of light applied during preharvest culture on the subsequent senescence of cut rose flower and to analyse the possible involvement of abscisic acid (ABA). The longevity of cut rose flowers was longer when rose plants were previously grown under high pressure sodium lamps than under metal halide lamps. A change in light source did not lead to a change in leaf ABA content but significantly affected the petal ABA content. The relationship between ABA level and flower longevity, previously reported for differences of genetic origin, was again observed for culture-induced differences: the higher the ABA level at harvest, the shorter the vase-life observed.     

菊花花色遗传及花色嵌合体发现

对开黄花菊花和开白花菊花材料分别和开红花菊花材料进行了正反交,结果表明,花色遗传比较复杂, 在以红花材料作为母本组合中表现为比较明显的偏母性遗传特征,而以黄花和白花材料为母本则不表现偏母性特征;除此之外,菊花花色遗传还表现出不完全显性和镶嵌显性的特点。在黄花材料3501和红花材料3509所得到杂种中发现了2个分枝出现花色嵌合体的现象,该嵌合体特征是花一边为红色,而另一边则出现镶嵌显性的现象。染色体分析表明,不同颜色嵌合体花瓣的染色体数目都是36条,因此,实验所得到的花色嵌合体不是由染色体数目变化造成的,而有可能是转座子插入影响色素合成基因造成的。     

Paeonia daurica Andrews or P. mascula ssp. triternata (Pall. ex DC.) Stearn & P. H. Davis (Paeoniaceae)?

The peony in the Crimea of Ukraine and its allied populations have been variously taxonomically treated, as Paeonia daurica Andrews or P. mascula ssp. triternata (Pall. ex DC.) Stearn & P. H. Davis. Supported by the National Geographical Society, we have conducted extensive field observations and population sampling of this group in Turkey. In addition, relevant herbarium specimens from the herbaria B, BEO, BM, BUCA, E, G, GZU, K, P, SA, SOM, UPA, and WU were critically examined. Principal coordinate analysis was performed using MVSP-Version 3.13b analysis software. As a result, P. daurica was shown to be clearly differentiated from P. mascula in the number of leaflets/segments of the lower leaves and the shape of the terminal leaflets. P. daurica is diploid, except for three local tetraploids in the Caucasus, whereas P. mascula is consistently tetraploid. The two units were not found growing together, even in southern Turkey, where they are sympatric. P. daurica is considered to be a good species, which ranges from Croatia to Iran through Turkey and the Caucasus, and comprises six subspecies.  © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2007, 154 , 1–11.     

濒危植物夏蜡梅花的形态变异

研究了不同地理位置的3个夏蜡梅自然种群间以及种群内花部形态变异,并对3个种群进行聚类分析。结果表明：夏蜡梅花部表型性状在种群间和种群内都存在一定程度的变异;各性状总的平均变异系数在6.293（内瓣长）~46.90（花柄长）之间,种群间总的平均变异系数在13.430（DMS）~15.720 8（DLS）,因此认为夏蜡梅花的表型性状无论是在物种水平还是在种群水平都具有较丰富的表型多样性,其中又以大雷山种群最高;单因素方差分析显示：部分指标分化显著或极显著,13个指标在种群内的变异占了总变异的82.9%,这说明夏蜡梅种群内变异是表型变异的主要来源,由此可以推测遗传上的多样性是形成夏蜡梅花部形态变异的主导因素;种群间平均变异组分占了17.1%,表明花部形态在种群间存在一定程度的表型分化;聚类分析显示距离较近的大明山种群和龙须山种群先聚在一起,表型差异与地理距离之间存在显著正相关,经分析认为微生境的异质性和种群隔离以及遗传漂变均可能导致夏蜡梅种群间的表型分化;相关性分析显示部分性状之间存在显著的相关性。     

紫花苜蓿复合体(Medicago sativa complex)叶片形态特征及数量分类研究

运用比较形态学和比较解剖学方法,使用扫描电镜和光学显微镜对紫花苜蓿复合体(Medicago sativa complex)6个分类群的叶片形态特征和叶片解剖结构进行了观察和比较,并以15个叶片表征形态性状为基础,采用聚类分析法(UPGMA)和主成分分析方法(PCA)对6个分类群进行了数量分类研究.观察结果表明:各分类群叶片的上、下表皮多为不规则形细胞;垂周壁呈深浅不一的波状;气孔器为不规则型,具有蜡质气孔盖,气孔密度有一定差异.6个分类群的叶片均为薄纸质型,厚度130～170 μm,表皮细胞切面近圆形或近长方形;栅栏组织细胞1～2层,厚度41～68 μm,细胞排列紧密;海绵组织厚度32～75 μm,细胞排列疏松;不同分类群叶片的组织疏松度和组织紧缩度有一定的差异,大花苜蓿(M. trautvetterii Sumnev. )叶片的组织疏松度最高,紫花苜蓿叶片的组织紧缩度最高.UPGMA结果显示:在结合线1.53处可将6个分类群划分为2支,其中,黄花苜蓿(M. falcata L. )独立为一支,其余5个分类群聚成另一支;在结合线1.18处,第2支又被分成2个亚支,其中一个亚支包含紫花苜蓿和天山苜蓿(M. tianschanica Vassilcz. ),另一个亚支则包含西锡金苜蓿(M. schischkinii Sumnev. )、座垫苜蓿(M. rivularis Vassilcz. )和大花苜蓿.PCA结果表明:对紫花苜蓿复合体而言,叶片表皮细胞形状、垂周壁式样、轴性分化特征、组织疏松度和气孔密度等特征具有较好的分类价值;基于主成分分析的Q分布图与聚类分析结果也具有较高的一致性.根据本研究结果及前人的研究结果,认为国产的紫花苜蓿复合体应包含3个分类群,即紫花苜蓿、黄花苜蓿及多变苜蓿(M. varia Martyn).此外,西锡金苜蓿、座垫苜蓿、天山苜蓿和大花苜蓿等杂交后代分类群的性状分化不稳定,应属于多变苜蓿的同种异名植物.