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为了研究虫草素对微波辐射黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster的保护作用,以梯度浓度的虫草素培养基饲养微波辐射的黑腹果蝇,观察统计其生殖力及子代生长发育特征。研究发现,微波辐射后的黑腹果蝇生殖力极显著下降(P<0.01),虫草素能提高其生殖力,其中0.4%质量分数的虫草素培养基极显著提高成蛹数和成蝇数(P<0.01);微波辐射后黑腹果蝇子代的性比降低、体长减少、飞翔率极显著降低(P<0.01)、畸变率极显著升高(P<0.01),4个梯度浓度的虫草素均能提高子代的性比,使其接近于1,而且均能降低畸变率,差异具有高度统计学意义(P<0.01)。由此可见,虫草素能够修复黑腹果蝇的辐射损伤,对机体起到抗辐射的保护作用。  相似文献   

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利用果蝇模型研究人类心脏早期发育的分子机理(英文)   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
近年来 ,果蝇心脏特化的遗传机制已初步研究清楚 ,但控制人类心脏早期发育的基因尚待鉴定。因为调控果蝇和脊椎动物早期心脏细胞命运定型的途径具有保守性 ,果蝇是一种探讨人类心脏早期发育的分子机理的理想动物模式。为此目的 ,我们采用P转座子和EMS诱变技术建立了约 3 0 0 0个隐性致死基因平衡系。通过心脏前体细胞特异性抗体免疫组化筛选 ,我们检出 2 0 0余个表现心脏突变表型的平衡致死系。我们进一步利用RNAi技术对一些基因的功能进行了初步的研究 ,证明这些基因表现RNAi的突变表型 ,该类突变表型与基因突变时表现的表型相似 ,即心管呈缺陷型或无心脏前体细胞形成。利用果蝇和人类基因组计划获得的成果 ,我们从果蝇心脏侯选基因中初步克隆和鉴定了 5 0个人类同源基因 ,其中 2 0个是新基因。Northen印迹分析表明 ,一部分人类基因在心脏组织中有表达 ,从而为研究这些基因在人类心脏早期发育中的作用提供了信息。目前 ,我们正在建立转基因果蝇 ,以此为模型研究这些基因是否对心肌细胞发生或心肌功能起调控作用。产生心肌细胞突变类型的基因如果类似于人类心脏病综合症 ,则可以作为人类心脏疾病侯选基因作进一步的分析。  相似文献   

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真核生物的转座因子(transposable elements)特别是果蝇P因子在研究生物进化上有重要的意义。以我国东北地区13个地方及毗邻的北京、烟台和呼和浩特三个地方共130个黑腹果蝇(D.melanogaster)单雌系为材料,对P因子序列的ORF2-ORF3区段进行PCR扩增,统计不同地方黑腹果蝇群体的P因子在此区段的缺失频率,再从整个地区来分析P因子缺失的分布规律,以推导东北地区黑腹果蝇中P因子的传递和扩散途径。结果显示P因子缺失频率由边境地区向内地逐渐递减,群体相对隔离的地方也较低,推断我国东北地区黑腹果蝇中P因子由朝鲜和俄罗斯向中国边境入侵后,逐步向中国内地扩散。  相似文献   

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实验采用超声辅助水提法提取灰树花多糖,以黑腹果蝇为实验对象,探究含0.2%,0.8%和1.6%浓度的灰树花多糖的培养基对果蝇繁殖力、体内脂褐素(LF)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响。与对照组相比,各浓度组的灰树花多糖均能明显增强果蝇繁殖力,且对果蝇后代的雌雄比例产生一定影响;同时使果蝇体内LF含量明显下降,CAT活性显著升高。各浓度组间差异显著,尤以1.6%效果最佳。结果表明,灰树花多糖具有促进果蝇繁殖力和抗氧化的良好功效。  相似文献   

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张可兴  李廷利 《昆虫学报》2012,55(4):371-375
【目的】果蝇的睡眠活动具有生物节律性, 可受到基因的调控。为了寻找影响果蝇睡眠时间的基因, 本研究对与果蝇睡眠时间相关的基因型进行了筛选。【方法】选择黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster基因缺失系5601, 8904, 7061, 7146, 27327, 669, 8103, 691, 9697, 24416, 26525, 5411, 3096, 5877和7682的7日龄成虫和野生CS品系7日龄成虫为研究对象, 利用果蝇活动监测器系统(Drosophila Activity Monitoring System, DAMS), 记录果蝇的睡眠时间, 累计计算24 h内果蝇睡眠时间, 将测得的各品系果蝇睡眠时间进行对比分析。【结果】与野生型CS品系7日龄成虫相比, 缺失Df(3R)Espl3/TM6C基因片段的 5601品系7日龄成虫睡眠时间明显缩短(P<0.001)。【结论】缺失Df(3R)Espl3/TM6C基因片段与果蝇睡眠有关。本研究结果为揭示影响果蝇睡眠时间的基因提供数据支持, 进而为研究人类睡眠提供线索。  相似文献   

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通过黑腹果蝇 Drosophila melanogaster抗真菌肽Drosomycin(Drs)及其同系物Drs-lC和Drs-lE的抗体制备及Western blotting 结果,分析了Drs同系物的免疫原性与其抗真菌活性的关系。研究采用了2种技术路线,分别将DrsDrs-lCDrs-lE 基因构建成与细胞生长因子基因 afgf 融合的重组表达质粒 pET-afgf-Drs、pET-afgf-C和pET-afgf-E,以及通过基因同向串连获得重组表达质粒 pRSET-2Drs、4Drs、6Drs 和 pRSET-2E、4E、6E,并将这些重组表达质粒转化到BL21(DE3)plysS受体菌进行诱导表达。分离纯化后的融合蛋白afgf-Drs、afgf-C和afgf-E 以及串连蛋白 4 Drs、4 Drs-lE分别免疫小白鼠获得相应的抗血清。Western blotting免疫原性检测结果表明,Drs及其同系物与各自的抗血清具有强的免疫反应,同时相互间也有交叉免疫反应,提示它们具有相似的主要抗原决定簇,这些抗原决定簇可能与抗真菌活性无关。同系物之间抗真菌活性的差异可能来源于某些细微结构上的差异。  相似文献   

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目的 利用果蝇作为遗传工具从个体和分子层面研究果蝇的训练免疫效应,并为后续深入研究其分子机制提供依据。方法 首先构建无菌果蝇模型,在此基础上构建果蝇成虫及跨发育阶段训练免疫模型,用两种革兰氏阴性菌——胡萝卜软腐欧文氏菌(Erwinia carotovora carotovora 15)及铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)分别经口腔感染果蝇。在第一次感染完全消退后进行再次感染,然后通过比较果蝇在两个感染阶段的存活率和细菌量来衡量训练免疫的潜在效果。通过实时荧光定量PCR检测相应先天免疫相关基因的表达水平,研究革兰氏阴性菌对免疫缺陷(IMD)通路的诱导作用。结果 果蝇成虫及幼虫初次感染均可提高二次感染后的生存率、细菌清除效率及死亡时能承受的最高细菌负荷;二次感染的果蝇中,IMD通路中免疫反应基因的基础表达比未感染的高,这提供了获得感染抗性的分子基础;果蝇的免疫反应主要发生在中肠,二次免疫比初次免疫的效应更迅速且剧烈;二次免疫的果蝇中,肠道干细胞的数量显著多于初次感染。结论 果蝇肠道中强大的训练免疫可由同源或异源革兰氏阴性菌口腔感染引发,且免疫记忆可在整个发育阶段持...  相似文献   

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由于果蝇Drosophila群体中有很多自发突变其中包括多种体色突变,因此它是一个研究自发突变的优秀的模式体系。本研究证实我们实验室发现的一个可以引起果蝇体色突变的自发突变(bsr)是一个黑檀体(e)的等位基因,将其命名为ebsr。序列分析显示ebsr的5′端缺失了953个碱基,其中包括外显子1后端的206个碱基及相连的内含子1的747个碱基。逆转录PCR结果显示5′端的缺失导致内含子1不能从mRNA中剪接掉,由此导致该mRNA的翻译起始密码子AUG前端增加了一个3.2kb的序列。该序列导致ebsr的mRNA的5′UTR(5′-untranslated region)区较野生型基因增加近3kb的长度。通过mRNA二级结构分析发现这个增加的3kb的片段可以形成复杂的颈环结构(stem-loop)。免疫印迹结果显示该突变基因没有基因产物产生。本研究进一步证实了由于mRNA的5′UTR序列结构的改变可以影响到蛋白质的翻译。  相似文献   

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【目的】雌激素相关受体(estrogen-related receptors, ERRs)属于核受体(nuclear receptor, NR)超家族,在昆虫新陈代谢和能量转换调节中发挥重要作用。双酚A(bisphenol A, BPA)与昆虫生殖和神经系统疾病有关。本研究旨在探究BPA影响黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster ERR(dERR)的作用机理。【方法】通过AutoDock Vina模拟小分子BPA与Modeller 9.25构建的dERR蛋白的分子对接,使用Gromacs 5.1.9进行分子动力学模拟,并结合自由能的计算探究BPA与dERR的结合模式。利用qRT-PCR方法检测3种浓度(0.1, 1和10 μg/L) BPA处理6, 12和24 h对黑腹果蝇成虫和2龄幼虫中dERR基因转录水平的影响。【结果】通过分子对接和极性溶剂化能发现,Phe370及Leu334等侧链氨基酸是BPA与dERR结合的关键氨基酸。qRT-PCR分析显示,不同浓度的BPA处理6和12 h时黑腹果蝇成虫和2龄幼虫中dERR基因转录水平均发生显著变化,而0.1 μg/L BPA处理24 h时的几乎接近对照。【结论】BPA能够影响黑腹果蝇体内dERR的表达,作用机理可能跟BPA与dERR的潜在特异性结合有关。  相似文献   

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Recently a method has been devised for testing the significance of the difference between a mutation frequency observed after chemical treatment or irradiation and the historical (“stable”) control frequency. In the present communication another test is proposed serving the same purpose. Both methods are applied to several examples (experimental frequency versus historical control frequency). The results (P values) obtained agree well.  相似文献   

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Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the world. Beta-arrestin-2 has been reported to be an important protein involved in D2 dopamine receptor desensitization, which is essential to Parkinson’s disease. Moreover, the potential value of pharmacological inactivation of G protein-coupled receptor kinase or arrestin in the treatment of patients with Parkinson’s disease has recently been shown. We studied the interaction between D2 dopamine receptor and beta-arrestin-2 and the pharmacological regulation of chemical compounds on such interaction using capillary zone electrophoresis. The results from screening more than 40 compounds revealed three compounds that remarkably inhibit the beta-arrestin-2/D2 dopamine receptor interaction among them. These compounds are promising therapies for Parkinson’s disease, and the method used in this study has great potential for application in large-scale drug screening and evaluation.  相似文献   

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帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)是常见的中枢神经系统退行性疾病之一,其主要病理学特征是中脑黑质部的多巴胺(dopamine,DA)能神经元选择性丢失.虽然已发现基因易感性、衰老、环境毒素等因素与PD发病有关,但导致DA能神经元退行性死亡的细胞分子机制仍不明确.DA代谢是DA能神经元中的重要生理过...  相似文献   

15.
糖原合酶激酶-3β(glycogen synthase kinase-3β,GSK-3β)是调控糖
原代谢的主要激酶.它可以使多种底物蛋白磷酸化,参与调节细胞增殖、细胞分化和细胞凋亡.最
近研究表明,GSK-3β与帕金森病发生密切相关. 在帕金森病研究模型中,GSK-3β活性增高,诱导多巴胺能神经元凋亡;而GSK-3β活性被抑制时,tau蛋白磷酸化减少,α共核蛋白表达降低,神经元得到保护.因此,GSK-3 β可能成为帕金森病治疗的新靶点.  相似文献   

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Environmental factors, such as housing conditions and cognitively stimulating activities, have been shown to affect behavioral phenotypes and to modulate neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting cognitive functions. Epidemiological evidence and experimental studies using rodent models have indicated that social interaction reduces development and progression of disease. Drosophila models of Aβ42‐associated AD lead to AD‐like phenotypes, such as long‐term memory impairment, locomotor and survival deficits, while effects of environmental conditions on AD‐associated phenotypes have not been assessed in the fly. Here, we show that single housing reduced survival and motor performance of Aβ42 expressing and control flies. Gene expression analyses of Aβ42 expressing and control flies that had been exposed to different housing conditions showed upregulation of Iron regulatory protein 1B (Irp‐1B) in fly brains following single housing. Downregulating Irp‐1B in neurons of single‐housed Aβ42 expressing and control flies rescued both survival and motor performance deficits. Thus, we provide novel evidence that increased cerebral expression of Irp‐1B may underlie worsened behavioral outcome in socially deprived flies and can additionally modulate AD‐like phenotypes.  相似文献   

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Drosophila tyrosine hydroxylase (DTH) is a key enzyme in dopamine (DA) biosynthesis, which is expressed in neural and hypodermal DA-synthesizing cells. We previously reported that two DTH isoforms are produced in flies through tissue-specific alternative splicing that show distinct regulatory properties. We have now selectively expressed each DTH isoform in vivo in a pale (ple, i.e., DTH-deficient) mutant background. We show that the embryonic lethality of ple can be rescued by expression of the hypodermal, but not the neural, DTH isoform in all DA cells, indicating that the hypoderm- isoform is absolutely required for cuticle biosynthesis and survival in Drosophila. In addition, we report new observations on the consequences of DTH overexpression in the CNS and hypoderm. Our results provide evidence that tissue-specific alternative splicing of the DTH gene is a vital process in Drosophila development.  相似文献   

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Drosophila tyrosine hydroxylase (DTH) is a key enzyme in dopamine (DA) biosynthesis, which is expressed in neural and hypodermal DA-synthesizing cells. We previously reported that two DTH isoforms are produced in flies through tissue-specific alternative splicing that show distinct regulatory properties. We have now selectively expressed each DTH isoform in vivo in a pale (ple, i.e., DTH-deficient) mutant background. We show that the embryonic lethality of ple can be rescued by expression of the hypodermal, but not the neural, DTH isoform in all DA cells, indicating that the hypoderm- isoform is absolutely required for cuticle biosynthesis and survival in Drosophila. In addition, we report new observations on the consequences of DTH overexpression in the CNS and hypoderm. Our results provide evidence that tissue-specific alternative splicing of the DTH gene is a vital process in Drosophila development.  相似文献   

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The highly reactive nature of dopamine renders dopaminergic neurons vulnerable to oxidative damage. We recently demonstrated that loss-of-function mutations in the Drosophila gene Catecholamines up (Catsup) elevate dopamine pools but, paradoxically, also confer resistance to paraquat, an herbicide that induces oxidative stress-mediated toxicity in dopaminergic neurons. We now report a novel association of the membrane protein, Catsup, with GTP cyclohydrolase rate-limiting enzyme for tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)) biosynthesis and tyrosine hydroxylase, rate-limiting enzyme for dopamine biosynthesis, which requires BH(4) as a cofactor. Loss-of-function Catsup mutations cause dominant hyperactivation of both enzymes. Elevated dopamine levels in Catsup mutants coincide with several distinct characteristics, including hypermobility, minimal basal levels of 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid, an oxidative metabolite of dopamine, and resistance to the vesicular monoamine transporter inhibitor, reserpine, suggesting that excess dopamine is synaptically active and that Catsup functions in the regulation of synaptic vesicle loading and release of dopamine. We conclude that Catsup regulates and links the dopamine synthesis and transport networks.  相似文献   

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