Typical characteristics

The author proposes a mathematical way how to recognize «types», to classify them, and to study how characteristics can be correlated.     

Chemiluminescent characteristics of ubiquinones

The paper deals with peculiarities of antioxidative activity of natural antioxidants (exemplified by ubiquinones) which permit their participation in the control of peroxidation intensity of membrane lipids. Ability of different ubiquinone forms to react with peroxide radicals is evaluated by chemiluminescent method. It has been shown that only reduced forms with free hydroxyl groups are highly effective.     

兽药恩诺沙星(enrofloxacin)的水解特性

研究了恩诺沙星在不同pH、不同光照及不同微生物条件下的水解,为其生态风险评价提供依据.结果表明,恩诺沙星的水解产物中没有环丙沙星;50 ℃时,避光5 d后恩诺沙星在pH 1～10缓冲液中的水解都小于10%,表明恩诺沙星在恒温避光下的水解半衰期将超过1年,同时溶液pH值的变化对恩诺沙星的水解速率无显著影响;恩诺沙星在天然水中的降解与光照有关,在室外自然光照条件下恩诺沙星降解很快,3 d后水中已经检测不出恩诺沙星.在室内自然光下,恩诺沙星降解较慢,在初始浓度分别为0.05、0.2、1.0 mg·L^-1条件下,31 d试验期内分别降解了48%、72%和65%;在避光条件下,恩诺沙星非常稳定,不易降解.在不同初始浓度下,微生物对恩诺沙星的水解无显著影响.由于恩诺沙星在室外自然光照条件下会迅速降解,因此不会对水环境构成直接的危害,但不能忽视其潜在的生态风险.     

Epidemiological characteristics of Angola

The epidemiological analysis of infectious morbidity for recent years has been made and the main nosological forms existing in Angola (malaria, tuberculosis, lepra, African trypanosomiasis, plague, intestinal diseases, etc.) have been briefly characterized on the basis of primary medical reports and the data provided by the literature and experimental work. This analysis creates the necessary prerequisites which enable the local public health organs to determine the regularities of the epidemic process, thus making it possible to take rational prophylactic measures and to organize proper epidemiological supervision.     

Morpho-functional characteristics of hemoglobinopathies

The approaches to the problems of primary diagnostics of the hereditary hematoglobinopathias caused by unbalanced synthesis of alpha and beta chains, as well as modern state of screening of hereditary thalassemic hematoglobinopathias are considered. The result of the available information analysis takes into account numerous peculiarities of this problem, including economic ones. Experience of an estimation of the displays of unbalanced synthesis of globin chains concerning the morphology of red blood cells is presented in the generalized form. The latter is a very important for preliminary diagnostics the hematoglobinopathias because, for the first, it may be realized at primary units of public health system service, for the second, it allows to narrow to an acceptable level the group of persons whose blood requires more complex and expensive researches.     

Plastome characteristics of Cannabaceae

Cannabaceae is an economically important family that includes ten genera and ca.117 accepted species. To explore the structure and size variation of their plastomes,we sequenced ten plastomes representing all ten genera of Cannabaceae.Each plastome possessed the typical angiosperm quadripartite structure and contained a total of 128 genes.The Inverted Repeat (IR) regions in five plastomes had experienced small expansions (330-983 bp) into the Large Single-Copy (LSC) region.The plastome of Chaetachme aristata has experienced a 942-bp IR contraction and lost rpl22 and rps19 in its IRs.The substitution rates of rps19 and rpl22 decreased after they shifted from the LSC to IR.A 270-bp inversion was detected in the Parasponia rugosa plastome,which might have been mediated by 18-bp inverted repeats.Repeat sequences,simple sequence repeats,and nucleotide substitution rates varied among these plastomes. Molecular markers with more than 13% variable sites and 5% parsimony-informative sites were identified,which may be useful for further phylogenetic analysis and species identification.Our results show strong support for a sister relationship between Gironniera and Lozanell (BS=100).Celtis,Cannabis-Humulus,Chaetachme-Pteroceltis,and Trema-Parasponia formed a strongly supported clade,and their relationships were well resolved with strong support (BS=100).The availability of these ten plastomes provides valuable genetic information for accurately identifying species,clarifying taxonomy and reconstructing the intergeneric phylogeny of Cannabaceae.     

Conformation characteristics of biopolymers

The 25 year efforts, concerning the problem of conformational peculiarities of nucleic acids and structure-dynamic properties of globular proteins, studied at the Laboratory of Isotopic Methods of the Institute of Molecular Biology of the USSR Academy of Sciences are reviewed.     

Marine biodiversity characteristics

Oceans contain the largest living volume of the “blue” planet, inhabited by approximately 235–250,000 described species, all groups included. They only represent some 13% of the known species on the Earth, but the marine biomasses are really huge. Marine phytoplankton alone represents half the production of organic matter on Earth while marine bacteria represent more than 10%. Life first appeared in the oceans more than 3.8 billion years ago and several determining events took place that changed the course of life, ranging from the development of the cell nucleus to sexual reproduction going through multi-cellular organisms and the capture of organelles. Of the 31 animal phyla currently listed, 12 are exclusively marine phyla and have never left the ocean. An interesting question is to try to understand why there are so few marine species versus land species? This pattern of distribution seems pretty recent in the course of Evolution. From an exclusively marine world, since the beginning until 440 million years ago, land number of species much increased 110 million years ago. Specific diversity and ancestral roles, in addition to organizational models and original behaviors, have made marine organisms excellent reservoirs for identifying and extracting molecules (> 15,000 today) with pharmacological potential. They also make particularly relevant models for both fundamental and applied research. Some marine models have been the source of essential discoveries in life sciences. From this diversity, the ocean provides humankind with renewable resources, which are highly threatened today and need more adequate management to preserve ocean habitats, stocks and biodiversity.