中国景天属一新亚属——楚雄亚属

经鉴定近年来各单位在西南地区采得的景天属标本,发现采自云南楚雄境内的一号标本,其归属碍于适当安排、因为从蝎尾状聚伞花序和短缩的花梗看,应属于景天亚属(Sedum L.subgen.Sedum),但从蓇葖的直立,而腹面无浅囊状隆起,则又应属于山景天亚属(Sedum L.subgen.Oreades K.T.Fu)。故作者认为将其置于景天属之下,另建立一个新亚属,作为景天亚属向山景天亚属过渡之亚属较为适宜。     

中国黑粉菌属和利罗黑粉菌属

黑粉菌属是Roussel 1806年建立的,全世界记载有三百余种,主要寄生于禾本科,是经济作物及牧草的重要致病菌·长期以来,对黑粉菌的邢子使用过各种名称,如厚垣孢子,冬孢子及黑粉孢子等.本文采用黑粉孢子以区别锈菌的冬孢子. 芳’(1979)在《中国真菌总汇》中列出黑粉菌属五十种及一个变型.作者经过显微结构和超显微结构的研究,承认其中二十九种为正确名称,八种及一变型为异名,顶黑粉菌(Ustilago acrearus Berk.)由于错拼而被废弃.埃地黑粉菌(Ustilago emodensis Berk.)被转移至利罗粉菌属(Liroa).另有十一种黑粉菌因缺少标本留待今后订正.自1979年以后,杨信东(1983)增加黑粉菌属二种我国新纪录,K.范基和郭林(1986)描述一新种,四种新纪录.在本文中,作者描述一新种:鸢尾蒜黑粉(Ustilago ixiolirii Guo L) ,孢子堆生在蒴果内,不开裂,黑色,粉末状.黑粉孢子球形,近球形,稀椭圆形, 12.5-21×10-21μm,黑褐色,壁厚1-1.Sμm,纹饰脑状.是迄今生在石蒜科植物上唯一黑粉菌的种,其它几种黑粉菌均属条黑粉菌属.本文增加七种我国新纪录.共计四十九种,寄生于六科四十四属植物,主要是禾本科和蓼科.这仅是黑粉菌属研究的初步报告,在全国范围内大量采集黑粉菌标本后,作者相信会有更多新种和我国新纪录被发现.利罗黑粉菌属(Liroa)是从黑粉菌属(Ustaligo)分出的,此属为单种属.     

中国新记录属——旋枝霉属

Pirella was first described by Bainier (1882) with P. circinans Bainier as type. Recent study proposed that Pirella includes two species, R circinans and R naumovii (Milko) Benny & Schipper (1992). Up to now,Pirella has been reported in France, Germany, India, Pakistan, Poland, Switzerland, U.S.A and U.S.S.R(Benny & Schipper, 1992). This is the first report for the genus in China.     

紫杉菌属——中国新记录属

报道了口蘑科中国新记录属——紫杉菌属。并基于形态特征及分子系统学方法描述了中国新记录种粗壮紫杉菌,标本采自中国浙江省丽水市。该种的鉴别特征是子实体中型,菌盖浅黄褐色,中央黄褐色至深褐色,具有不连续的褐色锥状鳞片,菌褶直生,菌柄圆柱状,中实,基部略膨大,菌环以下污白色,具近似于盖上的锥状小鳞片,常脱落。菌环膜质,易脱落;担孢子椭圆形至宽椭圆形,表面具疣状纹饰,非淀粉质;褶缘囊状体和侧生囊状体缺失,菌盖鳞片由匍匐或半直立状菌丝组成,末端细胞圆柱状,无球针状囊状体,分支,具硬壳。     

穗状霉属——中国新记录属

<正>作者在研究金针菇生产的营养竞争性杂菌时,发现一种粉红色的小型真菌与国内报道的常见杂菌有所不同,经鉴定其形态特征及培养特征与无性型真菌丝孢菌的玫红穗状霉     

中国无忧花属、仪花属和紫荆属资料

<正> 无忧花属 Saraca Linn. 1.云南无忧花(新拟) Saraca griffithiana Prain in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 66(2): 419.1887; G. F. P. Zuijderh. in Blumea 15: 417. 1967.     

中国的脉褶菌属真菌

记载和描述了伞菌目(Agaricales)、小皮伞科(Marasmiaceae)、脉褶菌属(Campanella Henn.)真菌3种,确认采自吉林省长白山地区的暗淡脉褶菌[Campanella tristis(G.Stev.)Segedin]为中国新记录种,并提供线条图。     

值得注意的中国植物

近年为研究中国的大戟科、檀香科等科的植物,对中山大学生物系植物标本馆（ＳＹＳ）、华南植物研究所标本馆（ＩＢＳＣ）等的标本予以重新鉴定．现将中国植物区系中一些属或种作必要的修订,增加《中国植物志》未收载的２个新记录种,处理１个新异名．     

中国齿状真菌研究5.齿耳属(担子菌门,皱孔菌科)(英文)

对我国木生齿状真菌齿耳属进行了研究,报道了该属3个中国新记录种:阔纤毛齿耳菌Steccherinum ciliolatum、山生齿耳菌S.oreophilum和强壮齿耳菌S.robustius。3个种分别采集自黑龙江、四川和吉林省。从形态学及分子系统学方面确定了该属3个种类的分类地位。阔纤毛齿耳菌主要特征为:子实体平伏,奶油色至浅黄色,短齿,边缘呈绒毛状,孢子椭圆形;山生齿耳菌主要特征为:子实体小,平伏至反卷,菌盖表面光滑,子实层体齿状至孔状,骨架囊状体锥形,孢子窄椭圆形;强壮齿耳菌的主要特征为:子实体平伏至反卷,菌齿浅橘红色至暗黄色,孢子宽椭圆形。分子系统学方面,Steccherinum 3个种类获得了高的支持率,分属不同分支,显著区别于该属的其他种类。根据采集到的标本对它们进行了详细的描述和绘图,并给出了我国该属已知15种的检索表及每种的简要特征。     

Rheumatic Diseases in China

Introduction

Epidemiological studies of rheumatic diseases have been conducted during the past 20 years in China. The aim of this study was to clarify prevalence rates of common rheumatic diseases in China.

Methods

Relevant reports of population-based surveys conducted from 1980 to 2006 were retrieved. Studies using the World Health Organization-International League of Associations for Rheumatology COPCORD (Community Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic Diseases) protocol and those that did not employ this protocol but were published in recognized journals were identified and analyzed.

Results

Thirty-eight surveys including 241,169 adults from 25 provinces/cities were pooled for analysis. The prevalence of rheumatic complaints ranged from 11.6% to 46.4%, varying by locality, study protocol and age of the people surveyed. Prevalence of symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA) varied from 5.1% to 20.8%, with common sites of involvement being the lumbar spine, knee joint and cervical spine. Compared with rates of radiographic and symptomatic knee OA in the USA, elderly men in Beijing exhibited similar prevalence rates and elderly women exhibited a higher prevalence. The prevalence of hip OA and hand OA was much lower in Chinese than in Caucasian populations, but both kinds of OA were more common in coal miners. The prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis ranged from 0.2% to 0.54% among Han ethnic Chinese and were lower among mixed ethnic populations. The prevalence of psoriatic arthritis ranged from 0.01% to 0.1%, and that of reactive arthritis was 0.02%; undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy was identified in 0.64% to 1.2% of the individuals included in the surveys. The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) ranged from 0.2% to 0.93%, with the highest rate being reported from a Taiwan urban area. In mainland China there were no significant differences in prevalence of RA between the northern and southern parts of China, or between different ethnic groups. The prevalence of hyperuricemia increased after the 1980s. The prevalence of gout was found to have increased in recent decades from 0.15% to 1.98%, apart from in the Taiwan aborigines, among whom the highest prevalence rate of 11.7% was recorded. The prevalence of primary Sjögren's syndrome in Beijing was 0.77% by the Copenhagen criteria and 0.33% by the San Diego criteria. The prevalence of soft tissue rheumatism was 2.5% to 5.7%. Fibromyalgia was seldom observed in China.

Conclusion

Rheumatic diseases are common in China. The prevalence of rheumatic complaints varied with the locality surveyed. The prevalence of OA is comparable with that in Western countries but varies in terms of joint involvement. The prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis is similar to that in Caucasians. Except in Taiwan, the prevalence of RA in China is lower than that in developed countries. The prevalence of hyperuricemia and gout increased after the 1980s, but it remains lower than that in developed countries. More studies are required to evaluate prevalence rates among minority groups in the west and northwest parts of China, and further study is needed to address fibromyalgia in China.     

Bifaces in China

More and more archaeological discoveries show that bifaces are not absent from China, South and East Asia. Bifaces played a very important role in early Paleolithic industries here. The tool assemblage of this industry is similar to those of biface cultures in Africa and Europe. These discoveries will increasingly fill and level up the ≪gap≫ between the cultures of the East and West.     

中国的齿状真菌研究3.肉齿菌属

对中国肉齿菌属的3个种进行了总结,其中花状肉齿菌为中国新记录种.该种采集自海南省儋州市热带植物园,主要特征:子实体花朵状、覆瓦状叠生,囊状体棒状或纺锤形,担孢子广椭圆形.根据采集的标本对该种进行了详细的描述及显微结构绘图,对该种与其它种类的联系和区别进行了讨论,并列出了附有每种简要描述的检索表.     

Congenital Malaria in China

Abstract

Background

Congenital malaria, in which infants are directly infected with malaria parasites from their mother prior to or during birth, is a potentially life-threatening condition that occurs at relatively low rates in malaria-endemic regions. It is recognized as a serious problem in Plasmodium falciparum–endemic sub-Saharan Africa, where recent data suggests that it is more common than previously believed. In such regions where malaria transmission is high, neonates may be protected from disease caused by congenital malaria through the transfer of maternal antibodies against the parasite. However, in low P. vivax–endemic regions, immunity to vivax malaria is low; thus, there is the likelihood that congenital vivax malaria poses a more significant threat to newborn health. Malaria had previously been a major parasitic disease in China, and congenital malaria case reports in Chinese offer valuable information for understanding the risks posed by congenital malaria to neonatal health. As most of the literature documenting congenital malaria cases in China are written in Chinese and therefore are not easily accessible to the global malaria research community, we have undertaken an extensive review of the Chinese literature on this subject.

Methods/Principal Findings

Here, we reviewed congenital malaria cases from three major searchable Chinese journal databases, concentrating on data from 1915 through 2011. Following extensive screening, a total of 104 cases of congenital malaria were identified. These cases were distributed mainly in the eastern, central, and southern regions of China, as well as in the low-lying region of southwest China. The dominant species was P. vivax (92.50%), reflecting the malaria parasite species distribution in China. The leading clinical presentation was fever, and other clinical presentations were anaemia, jaundice, paleness, diarrhoea, vomiting, and general weakness. With the exception of two cases, all patients were cured with antimalarial drugs such as chloroquine, quinine, artemether, and artesunate.

Conclusions

The symptoms of congenital malaria vary significantly between cases, so clear and early diagnosis is difficult. We suggest that active surveillance might be necessary for neonates born to mothers with a history of malaria.