外源基因在烟草绿色组织中的高效表达研究

研究外源基因在受体绿色组织中的特异表达情况,分别构建由棉花PsbP启动子驱动的GUS基因及CP4 epsps 基因的植物表达载体pBI121-P、pBI121-PE.农杆菌介导法转化到烟草中,获得20株转pBI121栽体、40株转pBI121-P栽体和32株转pBI121-PE载体的烟草阳性植株.组织化学染色分析表明,GhPsbP启动子驱动的GUS基因只在转基因烟草的叶片和茎中表达,在根中不表达;Real-time PCR分析表明,PsbP启动子驱动CP4 epsps基因在叶和茎中的表达量分别是根中的15倍和10倍;草甘膦抗性试验证明,PsbP启动子驱动的CP4 epsps基因在烟草叶及茎的绿色组织中的表达量足以忍受1%浓度草甘膦的毒害.证明GhPsbp启动子可以有效地驱动外源基因在烟草的绿色组织中高效特异的表达.     

应用Real-time PCR检测溶脲脲原体生物群的实验研究

目的建立一种检测溶脲脲原体两个生物群的快速简便方法。方法采用Real-time PCR技术对50例男性科门诊的尿道炎患者中的溶脲脲原体的两个生物群进行了检测。结果50例男性患者经Real-time PCR技术检测,溶脲脲原体阳性23例（36.9%）,在这23例溶脲脲原体阳性男性患者中,溶脲脲原体生物群1所占的比例为14%,溶脲脲原体生物群2所占的比例是32%,溶脲脲原体生物群1,2均阳性所占的比例为2%。结论Real-time PCR方法是检测溶脲脲原体两个生物群的一个快速,简便的方法。     

生物异源物质对小球藻基因转录研究体系的建立(英文)

藻类是水生生态系统中的敏感物种。在环境生物学研究中,基因转录水平通常作为衡量基因表达水平变化的指标。研究建立了定量PCR技术(Real-time PCR)检测小球藻基因转录变化的研究体系。以3个主要光合作用基因(psaB、psbC、rbcL)为靶标基因,研究了除草剂草丁瞵(Glufosinate)、阿特拉津(Atrazine)和禾草灵(Diclofop-methyl)对基因转录的影响,结果表明3种供试药物对小球藻光合作用基因psbC和rbcL相对表达量有显著地抑制作用。这表明Real-time PCR可以作为评定水生环境中异源化合物毒性的有效方法。     

小麦内源特异参照基因的查找与定性PCR和实时荧光PCR验证

目的:先从理论上查找和比对了小麦属(Triticum)γ-醇溶蛋白基因(GAG56D)为小麦特异的内源基因,并用定性PCR和实时荧光PCR方法从实验特异性上进行了验证。方法:选择小麦基因组中部分基因序列在NCBI中进行同源性分析,查找在小麦中存在的内源特异参照基因,找到小麦属(Triticum)特异的γ-醇溶蛋白基因(GAG56D),设计并合成该基因的引物和探针序列,同时用定性PCR和实时荧光PCR方法进行检测,并优化了实验条件。结果:不仅在理论上查找和比对了γ-醇溶蛋白基因为小麦特异的内源基因,并用定性PCR和实时荧光PCR方法进行了实验特异性的验证。定性PCR产物经过琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析后,只在小麦属中可以检测到328bp的目的片段,而在其它作物中未扩增出目的片断。同样实时荧光PCR验证的结果小麦属内各个种均有扩增曲线出现,而在其它作物没有扩增曲线出现中。结论:该基因与方法可用作检测小麦属(唯一小麦种是栽培作物)内源特异参照基因。     

转基因烟草荧光定量检测方法研究

依据实时定量PCR原理,参照35S启动子、NOS终止子、GUS基因和NPTII基因序列设计TaqMan引物和荧光标记探针。采用美国MJ公司OpticonTM2荧光定量PCR检测系统对烤后烟叶进行转基因定量检测技术研究,从中筛选出扩增效率高,灵敏度好的PCR引物和探针序列,同时通过对扩增体系,扩增条件的梯度实验,优化出荧光定量检测的最佳反应体系和反应条件,从而建立了转基因烟草定量检测方法。该方法经验证其检测灵敏度达到0.05％。在2003年6月参加CORESTA(国际烟草科研与合作中心)组织的国际烟草转基因定量检测合作试验中,该优化转基因烟草定量检测技术获得了较好成绩,对盲检样品检测结果评价(Z-score)列国际12家实验室之首,证明此法灵敏度高、稳定性好。     

实时PCR技术在植物研究上的应用

实时PCR是在常规PCR基础上运用荧光共振能量转移现象,加入荧光标记探针,巧妙地把核酸扩增、杂交、光谱分析和实时检测技术结合在一起的一项新技术,具有快速、灵敏、特异性强、定量准确等特点,广泛应用于医学、检验检疫、军事、农业、基础研究等领域。着重就实时PCR技术的特性及在植物上的应用进行了讨论,并与目前常用的相关技术进行了比较。     

高分辨率熔解曲线及其应用

饱和荧光染料、未标记探针与实时荧光PCR结合产生的高分辨率熔解曲线(HRM)是一种新的实时定量技术,在检测速度、灵敏度和准确性上具有突出的优点,近几年来在突变扫描、DNA甲基化和基因分型等医学检测中发展迅速.就HRM的原理、应用以及在HRM基础上发展起来的未标记探针(unlabled probe)HMR、弹回探针(snap probe)HMR技术作一介绍.     

应用real-timePCR法快速定量人类粪便中双歧杆菌的研究

目的建立快速、准确从粪便标本中定量双歧杆菌的RT—PCR技术。方法传统培养定量法,普通PCR定量法,real—timePCR比较测量。结果（I）粪便标本前处理采取简单的离心和清洗、稀释步骤能去除粪便标本中的抑制物,实现不提取DNA直接进行PCR、real—time定量粪便中双歧杆菌。（2）本实验建立的PCR方法直接半定量粪便双歧杆菌技术在双歧杆菌值介于10^3～10^7CFU／ml时具有较好的分辨率,粪便标本普通PCR得理论菌数与培养得菌数值之间差异无显著性（P〉0．05）;real-timePCR直接定量双歧杆菌技术在双歧杆菌值介于10^1-10^7CFU／ml时具有较好的分辨率,粪便标本RT—PCR得理论菌数与培养得菌数值之间差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论利用PCR、real—timePCR直接半定量和定量粪便中的双歧杆菌可行。     

Cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) carrying Rickettsia felis and Bartonella species in Hong Kong

Fleas are commonly recorded on stray as well as domestic dogs and cats in Hong Kong. Fleas can be a major cause of pruritus in dogs and cats and also vectors of potentially zoonotic bacteria in the genera Rickettsia and Bartonella. Morphological examination of 174 fleas from dogs and cats living in Hong Kong revealed only cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis). Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1) genotyping of 20 randomly selected specimens, revealed three cox1 haplotypes (HK-h1 to HK-h3). The most common haplotype was HK-h1 with 17 specimens (17/20, 85%). HK-h1 was identical to cox1 sequences of fleas in Thailand and Fiji. HK-h1 and HK-h2 form a distinct cat flea cox1 clade previously recognized as the Clade 3. HK-h3 forms a new Clade 6. A multiplex Bartonella and Rickettsia real-time PCR of DNA from 20 C. felis found Bartonella and Rickettsia DNA in three (15%) and ten (50%) C. felis, respectively. DNA sequencing confirmed the presence of R. felis, B. clarridgeiae and Bartonella henselae. This is the first reported study of that kind in Hong Kong, and further work is required to expand the survey of companion animals in the geographical region. The sampling of fleas on domestic cats and dogs in Hong Kong revealed them to be exclusively infested by the cat flea and to be harbouring pathogens of zoonotic potential.     

Detection of Helicobacter species DNA by quantitative PCR in the gastrointestinal tract of healthy individuals and of patients with inflammatory bowel disease

In many animal species different intestinal Helicobacter species have been described and a few species are associated with intestinal infection. In humans, the only member of the Helicobacter family which is well described in literature is Helicobacter pylori. No other Helicobacter-associated diseases have definitely been shown in humans. We developed a sensitive quantitative PCR to investigate whether Helicobacter species DNA can be detected in the human gastrointestinal tract. We tested gastric biopsies (including biopsies from H. pylori positive persons), intestinal mucosal biopsies and fecal samples from healthy persons, and intestinal mucosal biopsies from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) for the presence of Helicobacter species. All gastric biopsies, positive for H. pylori by culture, were also positive in our newly developed PCR. No Helicobacter species were found in the mucosal biopsies from patients with IBD (n = 50) nor from healthy controls (n = 25). All fecal samples were negative. Our study suggests that Helicobacter species, other than H. pylori, are not present in the normal human gastrointestinal flora and our results do not support a role of Helicobacter species in IBD.     

Quantitative polymerase chain reaction used for the rapid detection of Carnobacterium species from French soft cheeses

An identification method by PCR, specific to the Carnobacterium genus, was optimised by testing it on 28 bacterial strains. Primers from the literature were tested to differentiate Carnobacterium strains present among various bacterial species. The DNA of Carnobacterium species (C. alterfunditum, C. divergens, C. funditum, C. gallinarum, C. inhibens, C. maltaromaticum, C. mobile, C. viridans), specifically amplified by the Cb1-Cb2R primer couple at a hybridization temperature of 69 degrees C, gave only one band of 340 bp. The validation of this technique was carried out on a French soft cheese made with pasteurised milk inoculated with C. maltaromaticum LMA 28. Using classical PCR, detection was not possible for decimal dilutions of the cheese above 1 g L(-1). With Sybr Green I real time PCR, the specificity of the reaction was confirmed by the T(m) value. The standard curve constructed using the main threshold cycle and various concentrations of C. maltaromaticum LMA 28 (ranging from 10(0) to 10(8) cfu mL(-1)) showed good linearity and a sensitivity limit of > or = 10(4) cfu g(-1) of cheese. This technique was applied on commercially available cheeses made from raw cow's milk. The Sybr Green I real time PCR method constitutes an effective and easy-to-perform method to quantify Carnobacterium sp. in cheese.     

GA21转基因玉米实时荧光PCR检测方法的建立

成功建立了实时荧光PCR鉴定检测转基因玉米GA21品系的方法。该方法通过GA21玉米品系的OTPmEPSPS边界的270bp和133bp靶序列,设计品系特异性检测引物和探针,同时针对Pactin1mEPSPS边界的430bp靶序列设计品系特异性检测引物,应用实时荧光PCR和PCR技术,特异性检测GA21玉米品系。结果表明,应用实时荧光PCR的TaqMan探针技术检测转基因作物边界序列,不仅可以达到品系鉴定的目的,而且该方法和常规PCR比特异性强,简便快速,同时实验采用完全闭管检测,又降低了污染机会,为转基因作物的品系鉴定检测提供了新方法。     

大豆C3HC4型RING锌指蛋白基因GmRZFP1克隆与表达分析

锌指蛋白在调节植物防卫基因表达和抗性反应上起关键作用。目前,对大豆中C3HC4型RING锌指蛋白基因的研究不多。本研究利用核蛋白筛选系统(NTT)筛选大豆(铁丰8号)干旱处理5h的cDNA文库,获得一个RING锌指蛋白基因。该基因全长927bp,编码308个氨基酸,含有C3HC4-type RING锌指结构域,命名为GmRZFP1。系统进化树分析显示,Gm-RZFP1属于C3HC4-type锌指亚家族。Real-time PCR结果表明,GmRZFP1基因受干旱、高盐、高温、低温、乙烯和ABA等胁迫诱导表达,表明该蛋白涉及多种胁迫相关的信号传导途径。亚细胞定位结果表明,163hGFP-GmRZFP1融合蛋白定位于细胞核中。本研究结果有助于研究该类基因在大豆逆境应答反应中的作用,阐明大豆抗逆分子机制。     

高原湿地产甲烷菌

<正>甲烷是仅次于二氧化碳的温室气体,单分子甲烷的温室效应作用是二氧化碳的25倍[1],对全球气候变暖有显著影响,同时还影响对流层以及平流层的臭氧浓度[2]。地球上的甲烷主要由湿地、反刍动物瘤胃等生境中的产甲烷菌产生。我国是湿地分布面积较大的国家,仅次于加拿大和俄罗斯,居世界第3位,且具有独特的高原湿地。     

Identification of Helicobacter pylori and the cagA genotype in gastric biopsies using highly sensitive real-time PCR as a new diagnostic tool

The CagA protein is one of the virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori, and two major subtypes of CagA have been observed, the Western and East Asian type. CagA is injected from the bacteria into gastric epithelial cells, undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation, and binds to Src homology 2 domain-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2. The East Asian type CagA binds to SHP-2 more strongly than the Western type CagA. Here, we tried to distinguish the CagA type by highly sensitive real-time PCR with the objective of establishing a system to detect H. pylori and CagA subtypes from gastric biopsies. We designed primers and probe sets for Western or East Asian-cagA at Western-specific or East Asian-specific sequence regions, respectively, and H. pylori 16S rRNA. We could detect the H. pylori 16S rRNA gene, Western and East Asian-cagA gene from DNA of gastric biopsies. The sensitivity and specificity for H. pylori infection was 100% in this system. In Thai patients, 87.8% (36/41) were cagA-positive; 26.8% (11/41) were Western-cagA positive and 53.7% (22/41) were East Asian-cagA positive, while 7.3% (3/41) reacted with both types of cagA. These results suggest that this real-time PCR system provides a highly sensitive assessment of CagA type as a new diagnostic tool for the pathogenicity of H. pylori infection.     

Quantification of the slug parasitic nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita from soil samples using real time qPCR

Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita is a nematode parasite that infects and kills several species of slugs. The nematode is produced commercially as a biological control agent for slug pests of agriculture and horticulture. Given the difficulties of distinguishing this species from other nematode species in soil samples, very little is known about its natural ecology or its behaviour and persistence following application for biological control. Here we describe a method to quantify P. hermaphrodita in soil samples based on real time PCR. We designed primers and a dual labelled fluorescent probe that can be used to quantify numbers of P. hermaphrodita and which is capable of distinguishing this species from the morphologically identical Phasmarhabditis neopapillosa. We compared different methods whereby the entire nematode community is extracted prior to DNA extraction, and three methods to extract DNA directly from soil samples. Both nematode extraction and DNA extraction from large (10 g) samples of soil gave reliable estimates of nematode numbers, but methods which extracted DNA from small (1 g or less) soil samples substantially underestimated numbers. However, direct extraction of DNA from soils may overestimate numbers of live nematodes as DNA from dead nematodes was found to persist in soil for at least 6 days. The technique could be modified for detection and quantification of all soil borne parasitic nematodes.     

猪圆环病毒2型TaqMan实时PCR检测方法的建立

设计合成了一套引物和TaqMan探针,特异性扩增猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）ORF2基因,在国内首次建立了快速定量检测PCV2的实时PCR方法,且该方法具有较好的特异性和重复性,对PCV2DNA检测下限为1copy／μL,敏感性比常规PCR高10^6倍;分别用该法和普通PCR方法对PMWS人工发病猪的10份组织及30份血清样品检测,结果表明该方法具有更快速、灵敏、准确、低污染等优点,并可以对PMWS的早期检测、预防起到指示作用。