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毛决明种子发芽力在花后39d后逐渐上升,发芽率和发芽指数在花后53d,活力指数在花的67d最大值,而后有所降低,花后39-74d,含水量逐渐下降,但下降速度不等,花后67d种子干重达到最大值,花后67-74d含水量显著下降,花后39-74d,含水量逐渐下降,但下降速度不等,花后67d种子干重达到最大值,花后67-74d含水量显著下降。种子存在明显的成熟脱水阶段。种子的脱水耐性在花后46-60d逐渐增强,60d达到最大值,后有所下降,轻微脱水可显著提高花后46d和67d的种子的发芽率,花后60-67d的种子能忍耐10%含水量,毛决明种子极可能是正常性种子。 相似文献
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种子脱水耐性是种子发育过程中获得的综合特性,是判断种子贮藏持性的一个重要依据。当种子获得脱水耐性时,生理,形态和结构会发生相应的变化,包括糖,蛋白质,脂类和抗氧化系统等保护性物质的合成,各种保护性物质不是单独作用的,而是协同调节种子的脱水耐性。不同的植物种子,其脱水耐性不同,并且随着种子的发育而变化。关于种子脱水耐性的获得,主要有2种观点,一种认为是数量性状,另一种认为是突变性状。种子库收集种子保存时,适时采集和适度脱水才能有效地延长种子的贮藏寿命。 相似文献
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脱水速率对非洲柚种子脱水耐性的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过脱水速率对不同发育阶段的非洲柚种子脱水耐性影响的研究,其结果表明:花后130 d,190 d,245 d和275 d的非洲柚种子在慢速脱水的条件下具有比快速脱水更强的脱水耐性,而且差异显著(P0.05)。但对于花后155 d和220 d的非洲柚种子,快速脱水和慢速脱水条件下脱水耐性差别变小,未达到显著性水平;脱水速率对非洲柚种子脱水耐性的影响与种子的发育阶段有关。这样的结果与前人以正常性大豆种子和玉米胚为材料得到的结果相类似。研究认为,脱水速率对中间型非洲柚种子脱水耐性的影响,可能主要在于慢速脱水能够诱导某些与脱水耐性相关的蛋白的表达和积累。慢速脱水诱导脱水耐性必需以种子具有相应的遗传基础为前提,而且需要选择合适的时机。 相似文献
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假槟榔种子脱水耐性的发育变化 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
对假槟榔(Archontophoenix alexandrae)种子和胚发育过程中脱水耐性的变化、不同脱水速率对脱水耐性的影响及种子的萌发和贮藏特性进行了研究。种子含水量在花后55~70d逐步降低,随后不再变化,并保持在较高水平(37%);花后90d的种子获得最大干重。花后60d后种子获得萌发能力,花后70d达到最大值。在交替光照下(14h光照,10h黑暗,12μnmol m^-2s^-1),种子在15℃~40℃下均能萌发,其萌发的适宜温度范围为30℃~35℃;但光照对种子的萌发有较大的抑制作用。种子和胚在花后55~90d,脱水耐性逐渐增强;花后90d种子和胚的脱水耐性最强,此时种子和胚的半致死含水量分别为0.18g/g和0.3g/g。脱水至相同含水量,快速脱水的种子的存活率明显高于慢速脱水。无论是否进行脱水处理,-18℃下贮藏1个月后,种子均丧失萌发能力;在4℃,10℃和15℃下,适度脱水能延长种子的贮藏寿命。假槟榔种子不耐脱水,不适合在低温、低含水量条件下长期贮藏,属顽拗性种子。 相似文献
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以发育过程中经脱水和未脱水处理的沙芥种子为试验材料,测定了其含水量、萌发率和抗氧化酶系统,探讨了沙芥种子脱水耐性与抗氧化系统之间的关系。结果表明:在20~60DAF,沙芥种子含水量逐渐下降,干重逐渐增加;60DAF种子具有萌发能力,萌发率为24%;且脱水可促进沙芥种子的萌发,人工脱水至含水量为12%和5%时,萌发率分别为56%和44%,自然脱水至含水量为12%和5%时,萌发率分别为52%和60%;发育过程中沙芥种子SOD活性逐渐降低,而CAT、POD、LOX活性以及MDA含量均呈上升趋势;在脱水过程中,随着种子含水量的下降SOD活性逐渐降低,CAT和LOX活性逐渐升高,而POD活性呈先降低后升高的变化趋势。脱水后,种子中MDA含量均高于CK。60DAF的沙芥种子已获得脱水耐性。 相似文献
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研究白木香种子发育进程中种子性状、萌发能力和脱水耐性的变化,以及不同光温条件对种子萌发的影响和种子的贮藏特性。结果表明:白木香种子在花后78d获得最大干重,进入生理成熟期,此时萌发率接近最大值;胚在花后57~85d,脱水耐性逐渐增强,并在花后85d获得最大脱水耐性。种子萌发的适宜温度范围为25℃-35℃,光照对种子萌发有一定的抑制作用。新鲜自木香种子(含水量27.45%)在4℃低温条件下贮藏1个月后萌发率仅为30%左右,而含水量7.38%的干燥种子在4℃低温条件下贮藏120d,萌发率仍有53.33%,因此,4℃低温和适度脱水有利于种子短期贮藏。白木香种子能忍耐一定程度的脱水,但干燥至含水量7.50%以下时种子会发生损伤,因此推测白木香种子是一种中间性种子。 相似文献
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为提高假槟榔的人工种植技术,对其种子做了不同的化学催芽处理,以寻求种子的有效催芽方法,并对种子脱水耐性进行了探讨。结果表明:20%过氧化氢和98%浓硫酸浸泡5min,0.3%亚硝酸钠和0.2%硝酸钾溶液浸种24h后,发芽率显著升高,速度显著加快,尤以浓硫酸和硝酸钾处理效果为好;200~1000mg/L赤霉素和20~100mg/L激动素溶液浸泡24h也显著促进种子萌发,但催芽效果与溶液浓度有关。成熟种子轻度脱水,发芽率有所上升,但含水量下降至17%以下,发芽率急剧下降,当含水量下降10%以下,发芽力完全丧失。由此可见,种子很可能是中间型种子。 相似文献
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选取甘蓝型油菜种子发育和萌发过程中与脱水耐性相关的不同时间点,采用cDNA-AFLP技术通过128对引物组合分析,共获得394条特异转录衍生片段(TDFs)。经BLAST序列比对,发现其中189条与GenBank数据库中已知功能基因同源,按其功能可分为转录因子、基础代谢、抗逆胁迫、信号转导等相关蛋白。RT-PCR技术对差异显著性片段验证结果显示,泛素蛋白、油体蛋白、热激蛋白和一些转录因子片段均受到种子脱水诱导表达。研究结果表明,发生在种子发育和萌发过程中的脱水耐性反应非常复杂,涉及植物生命活动的诸多领域。 相似文献
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In this paper , Ficus benjamina L . var . nuda seeds were used as experimental materials, effects of temperature, light , phytohormone ( gibberellin , 6-benzyladenine and ethylene ) , nitrogenous compounds ( sodium nitroprusside,nitrate , and nitrite ) on seed germination were studied , and ecological significance of light in seed germination was discussed. Under alternating photoperiod (14 h light , 10 h dark , 12μmol m- 2 s - 1 ) , final germination percentage of seeds was 87. 5% , 100% , 100% , 100% , 98% , 89% and 100% , respectively, at 15℃ , 20℃ , 25℃ , 30℃ , 35℃ , 40℃ and 30℃20℃ , mean germination time of seeds was 34 . 7 d , 16 . 3 d , 5. 6 d , 4 .8 d , 6 . 4 d , 9 d and 6 .3 d , respectively. Germination percentage of seeds which were incubated for 35 d at 15℃ , 20℃ , 25℃ , 30℃ , 35℃ , 40℃ , 30℃20℃ and dark was zero , and these seeds rapidly germinated after addition of alternating photoperiod . Light intensity of 0 . 5 - 20μmol m- 2 s - 1 markedly increased final germination percentage of seeds . However , different light intensity influencedhardly final germination percentage of seeds, but altered germination rate of seeds . Under photoperiod of 24 h , final germination percentage of seeds notably increased with increasing length of light duration . The seeds treated for 24 h ,36 h , and 48 h by continuous light could germinate at subsequent dark. Different concentrations of exogenous gibberellin, 6-benzyladenine, ethylene, sodium nitroprusside , nitrate and nitrite could not replace light and not accelerate seed germination, and these seeds rapidly gained germinablity after addition of alternating photoperiod . Germination behavior of F. enjamina L . var . nuda seeds was closely related to long-term adaptation for tropical forest . 相似文献
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A decimal code describing the developmental stages of head cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)
A P EVERAARTS 《The Annals of applied biology》1994,125(1):207-214
The developmental stages of head cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) as a vegetable have been characterised by a decimal code. Five primary stages are recognised: germination, emergence and establishment, leaf formation, head formation and maturity. Each primary stage is divided into secondary stages, which apply both to single plants and to crops. Maturity is defined as the head having obtained a marketable weight and density. The standing ability is defined as the number of days from 90% of the crop being marketable to 25% of the crop having become unmarketable. 相似文献
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本文报道了不同孢子浓度下黄绿绿僵菌对褐飞虱和白背飞虱不同发育阶段的易感性和毒力的研究。实验设10.5孢子/mm2,116.7孢子/mm2和1027.1孢子/mm2三种孢子剂量,两种飞虱分为幼龄若虫(1龄和2龄若虫)、高龄若虫(3、4、5龄若虫)和成虫三个发育阶段。实验发现褐飞虱与白背飞虱的三个发育阶段对黄绿绿僵菌的不同浓度的孢子液有不同程度的易感性。黄绿绿僵菌对褐飞虱幼龄若虫的毒力指标LT50在三种孢子剂量下依次为>21、20.82和16.55;对高龄若虫的LT50在三种孢子剂量下依次为17.68、15.49和13.98;而对成虫的LT50在三种孢子剂量下依次为17.10、12.57和9.14。黄绿绿僵菌对白背飞虱幼龄若虫的毒力指标LT50在三种孢子剂量下依次为>21、17.29和13.13;对高龄若虫的LT50在三种孢子剂量下依次为16.94、15.02和13.03;而对白背飞虱成虫的LT50在三种孢子剂量下依次为12.78、10.16和7.64。二者的成虫的易感性比若虫的易感性强,高龄若虫的易感性比幼龄若虫的强。白背飞虱比褐飞虱对黄绿绿僵菌更加敏感。二者的死亡率随孢子浓度的增大而增大。 相似文献
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九里香种子自花后 42~ 77d,含水量和电导率逐渐降低 ,种子干重、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数逐渐增加。硅胶脱水 1~ 6d后 ,种子含水量下降 1 0 %~ 3 5 % ,发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数均有不同程度的降低 ,不同发育时期九里香种子的脱水耐性有别 ,花后 42~ 70d不断增强 ,77d有所减弱。花后 70d的种子含水量降至 1 0 % ,种子发芽率无明显降低 ;含水量为 9%的种子在 4°C和 2 0°C的低温条件贮存 3 0d和 42d ,多数种子仍能萌发 ,这表明九里香种子是一种正常型种子。光照能促进种子的萌发 ;在 2 0~ 3 0°C、室温和 2 0 /3 0°C变温条件下种子萌发较好 ;光照和温度对种子萌发有单独影响 ,但又相互作用 ,同时光照对萌发的影响还与种子含水量有关。 相似文献
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利用体视显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察了荒漠植物多裂骆驼蓬粘液质种皮吸水前后的形态变化,通过种子吸水 脱水、粘土、漂浮和萌发实验研究了种皮纹饰和粘液特征在种子扩散和萌发中的适应意义,以期为研究该物种在荒漠环境中的适应策略提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)多裂骆驼蓬种皮纹饰由表皮细胞外切向壁的附属物向外突起形成,呈多面体网纹状;种皮纹饰上覆盖1层粘液薄膜,将多面体网眼围成封闭的腔,种子吸水后粘液薄膜变成凝胶状,腔内有气泡产生;粘液薄膜经过反复吸水 脱水后逐渐溶解消失。(2)种皮网眼状腔室结构和粘液薄膜可使种皮纹饰内储存空气,以增强种子的漂浮能力,有助于种子扩散;种皮纹饰和粘液还增强了种子的粘土能力,使种子锚定在土壤表面,避免种子裸露和活力丧失;此外,种皮纹饰及粘液的快速吸水和保水能力能防止种子失水,有效维持该物种在荒漠环境中的土壤种子库。(3)种皮纹饰和粘液虽可抑制种子萌发,但能促进幼根的伸长生长,对增强幼苗的建植能力有一定积极作用。 相似文献
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Abstract The susceptibility and virulence of entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum to the stages of brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and whitebacked planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) were investigated under laboratory conditions. Three dosages of M. anisopliae var. acridum ranging from 10.5, 116.3 and 1027.1 conidial/mm2 were used in the experiment. The tested stages of host included three developmental stages, young nymphs (1–2 instars), old nymphs (3–5 instars) and adults. It was found that all tested stages of the planthoppers were susceptible to the fungal infection. The degree of virulence LT50 of M. anisopliae var. acridum against young nymphs of N. lugens are >21, 20.82 and 16.55, respectively with the 3 dosages, the LT50 of the fungus against the old nymphs are 17.68, 15.49 and 13.98, respectively with the 3 dosages; the LT50 of the fungus against the adults are 17.10, 12.57 and 9.14 respectively with the 3 dosages. The degree of virulence LT50 of M. anisopliae var. acridum on young nymphs of S. furcifera are >21, 17.29 and 13.13, respectively with the 3 dosages ; the LT50 of the fungus against the old nymphs are 16.94, 15.02 and 13.03, respectively with the 3 dosages; the LT50 of the fungus against the adults are 12.78, 10.16 and 7.64, respectively with the 3 dosages. Adults were more susceptible to M. anisopliae var. acridum infection than their nymphs and the young nymphs were most resistant to the fungal infection. The cumulative mortality of each stage was dosage-dependent. Of all the developmental stages, WBPH was more susceptible than BPH to M. anisopliae var. acridum infection with the same dosages. 相似文献
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Shamaila Fraz;Lisa Laframboise;Richard Manzon;Christopher M. Somers;Joanna Y. Wilson; 《Journal of fish biology》2024,105(3):735-751
The ontogenetic development in teleost fish is sensitive to temperature, and the developmental rate has a direct relationship with the environmental temperature within a species' thermal tolerance limit. Temperature determines time to and survival at hatching. Yellow perch is a North American species of ecological and commercial importance, and its phenology is vulnerable to climate change. The embryonic development of yellow perch was comparable to closely related members of the family Percidae. Developmental progression was fastest at 18°C and slowest at 12°C, with medial progression at 15°C. Time to hatch and swim-up, feeding onset, and exogenous feeding phases were different across all incubation temperatures regardless of a gradual post-hatch warming of the 12 and 15°C groups to a common garden temperature of 18°C. Incubation temperature may lower the rate of survival to hatch at 15°C and had complex impacts on developmental abnormalities. Temperature had significant effects on the development rate, time of hatch, survival, and incidence of developmental abnormalities. Early ontogenetic thermal history in ectotherms is an important factor determining phenotypic variation. It will be important to link the thermally induced changes in development described here to the physiological and morphological differences and to link the developmental abnormalities to functional performance. 相似文献
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The detailed characteristics and timing of early development in Cynolebias viarius , an annual fish endemic to Uruguay, were obtained from in vivo observations of embryos cultured under standardized laboratory conditions. The chorion ultrastructure is reported for this species for the first time. Comparison with previous data from other annual fishes showed that C. viarius exhibited the longest early development including cleavage, blastula formation and epiboly. 相似文献