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1.
Brouwer BG Visseren FL Stolk RP van der Graaf Y;SMART Study Group 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2007,15(6):1623-1630
Objective: We investigated whether the presence of concomitant coronary heart disease (CHD) in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) can be explained by intra‐abdominal fat accumulation and compared different measures of adiposity as predictors of CHD in patients with PAD. Research Methods and Procedures: Data were collected from patients enrolled in the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease (SMART) study, an ongoing prospective cohort study of patients with manifest vascular disease or vascular risk factors at the University Medical Centre Utrecht. The current analysis includes 315 patients, mean age 59 ± 10 years, who had PAD with (n = 79) or without (n = 236) CHD. Parameters of adiposity were measured, and intra‐abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat were measured ultrasonographically. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to Adult Treatment Panel III. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher among patients with CHD (63%) than among patients without CHD (48%). All parameters of adiposity indicated more fat in patients with CHD, except for subcutaneous fat. Waist circumference was associated with 64% higher prevalence of CHD (confidence interval, 20% to 123%) per 1 standard deviation increase in waist circumference after adjustment for age and sex. The odds ratio for waist circumference remained virtually the same after additional adjustment for the components of the metabolic syndrome and smoking. Discussion: An increased waist circumference, a crude measure of intra‐abdominal fat, is associated with an increased risk of concomitant CHD in patients with PAD. 相似文献
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Chlamydia pneumoniae may trigger atherogenesis. Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) can also induce endothelial activation. However, its role in metabolic syndrome (METS), a proatherogenic entity, has remained unexplored. In this study the frequencies of IgA and IgG anti-CT antibodies were evaluated by immunoenzymatic assay in METS patients and healthy controls. The survey included 238 individuals (148 with METS). The mean age was 59.7 years. IgA anti-CT antibodies were found significantly more frequently in METS patients (16.9%) than in controls (5.6%) (P= 0.015). The role of such IgA response in METS should be further investigated. 相似文献
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A polymorphism in the promoter region of uncoupling protein 2 gene -866G/A has been associated with its expression levels in adipose tissue, the risk of obesity, and metabolic abnormalities. Our purpose was to examine the associations of -866G/A with body fat and the risk of metabolic syndrome in a random sample of 4018 Asians (1858 men and 2160 women) from three ethnic groups (Chinese, Malay, and Indian). The minor allele frequency of -866G/A polymorphism in South Asians was similar to that in whites. After adjustment for covariates including age, cigarette smoking, and physical activity, the -866A/A genotype was associated with higher waist-to-hip ratio as compared with the wild-type genotype in Chinese and Indian men (p = 0.018 and p = 0.046, respectively). Moreover, Indian men with -866A/A genotype had a significantly increased risk of metabolic syndrome as compared with those homozygous for the wild-type (odds ratio, 2.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.21 to 5.88; p = 0.015). Such a risk was mainly caused by the excess presence of hypertriglyceridemia and central obesity. Our findings indicate that the uncoupling protein 2 gene -866G/A polymorphism may increase the risks of central obesity and metabolic syndrome, with greater effects on Asian men. 相似文献
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代谢组学是"后基因组学"时期新兴的一门学科,也是系统生物学的重要组成部分。代谢组学通过全面、定量检测生物样本中多种类型小分子化合物,来了解在内在和外界因素作用下生物体内源性物质的变化及规律,特别适合于临床上研究机体因受到遗传、生长、生理、环境因素和异物、病源等刺激的影响而产生的变化。借助于代谢组学技术不仅能够描述疾病发生、发展以及治疗过程中机体代谢机能的状态和变化,为临床疾病的诊断、病理机制的探索、新治疗靶点的发现等提供新的途径和思路,还可以揭示外界干扰因素(药物/毒物、环境、饮食、生活方式等)对机体的影响,为药效评价和疾病病因的筛查提供基础数据。近年来,代谢组学在临床研究方面得到了广泛的应用,取得了巨大的进展并展现了鼓舞人心的应用前景。该文分别就代谢组学在描述疾病发展状态、研究疾病诊断方法、探索疾病发病原因和发病机理、药效学评价等几个方面的应用及进展进行回顾和综述。 相似文献
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Uric acid, despite being a major antioxidant in the human plasma, both correlates and predicts development of obesity, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, conditions associated with oxidative stress. While one explanation for this paradox could be that a rise in uric acid represents an attempted protective response by the host, we review the evidence that uric acid may function either as an antioxidant (primarily in plasma) or pro-oxidant (primarily within the cell). We suggest that it is the pro-oxidative effects of uric acid that occur in cardiovascular disease and may have a contributory role in the pathogenesis of these conditions. 相似文献
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G. Neil Thomas Sai‐Yin Ho Karen S.L. Lam Edward D. Janus Anthony J. Hedley Tai Hing Lam 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2004,12(11):1805-1813
Objective: Body fat distribution has been reported to differentially contribute to the development of cardiovascular risk. We report the relative associations between general and central obesity and risk factors in 2893 Chinese subjects recruited from the Hong Kong population. Research Methods and Procedures: Anthropometric parameters [waist circumference (WC) and BMI], surrogate measures of insulin resistance (fasting plasma glucose and insulin, oral glucose tolerance test, 2 hours glucose and insulin), fasting lipids (total, low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, and triglycerides) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured. General obesity was classified as BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2 and central obesity as a WC ≥80 or ≥90 cm in women and men, respectively. Results: A total of 39.2% of the population was found to be obese. Obesity per se increased the levels of the risk factors, but central adiposity contributed to a greater extent to adverse high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, triglyceride, and insulin resistance levels. There was a continuous relationship between increasing obesity, both general and central, and cardiovascular risk, with lowest risk associated with the lowest indices of obesity. In the 1759 nonobese subjects divided into quartiles of BMI or WC, the levels of the cardiovascular risk factors still significantly increased with increasing quartiles of adiposity. Discussion: Central adiposity appears to contribute to a greater extent than general adiposity to the development of cardiovascular risk in this population. The relationship between obesity parameters and risk is a continuum, with risk factors significantly increasing even at levels usually considered nonobese. These observations support the proposed redefinition of overweight and obesity in Asian populations using lower cut‐off points. 相似文献
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HAN Kang-xin 《人类学学报》2001,20(04):282
The genetic analyses of Zhou and Han era human populations of Linzi in Shandong Province, China were done through comparing the mitochondrial DNA (mt DNA)sequences of the populations.The results of two articles written by Wang Li et al and Shintaroh Ueda were that the populations that lived in Linzi during the periods 2500 years ago, 2000 years ago and the present day showed great genetic similarity to the modern European populations, the modern central and western Asian populations and the modern eastern Asian population respectively.<br>However, different conclusions were drawn before from another two papers by Shintaroh et al and Hiroki Oota et al.They extracted DNA and studied specimens from the 2000 years ago remains cited later by Wang Li.The results revealed that the closest genetic distance was between the 2000 years ago population and the modern Taiwan Han Chinese.The 2000 years ago people show closer genetic affinity with Mongolians, mainland Japanese and Koreans than with other peoples.In fact, the authors of 4 papers were in the same experimental group and Shintaroh Ueda was the leader of them.They all analyzed the hypervariable region Ⅰ and compared the 185-bp MT1 and MT2 nucleotide sequences (positions:16194-16378).But they arrived at different results.How to explain the completely different results ?Maybe the results indicated that a unknown factor existed and affected the result in this kind of genetic study.<br>The opinions that the Linzi populations lived 2500 years ago and 2000 years ago belong to Europeans and central and western Asians respectively are not consistent with the morphological and archaeological studies of the skeletal remains of these populations.There was no reliable evidence that ancient European-like population moved to the Far East surpassing the Lake Baikal region according to the works of former Soviet Union anthropologists.The European-like populations moving eastward in the north-western region of China before Qin -Han era had not reached the west part of Gansu Province. According to the morphological and archaeological information available it is difficult to prove that the Western people entered the drainage area of Yellow River including Shandong before the Han era. 相似文献
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Roland Rosmond Yvon C. Chagnon Gran Holm Monique Chagnon Louis Prusse Kajsa Lindell Bjrn Carlsson Claude Bouchard Per Bjrntorp 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2000,8(3):211-218
Objective: Abdominal obesity has a key role in the pathogenesis of prevalent and serious diseases and has been shown to be associated with an altered hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis function, which is regulated by endocrine feedback mediated via hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors (GR). Research Methods and Procedures: We examined the HPA axis function by repeated salivary samples for the assessment of cortisol, as well as other endocrine, anthropometric, metabolic, and circulatory variables in middle‐aged Swedish men (n = 284). With the restriction enzyme BclI, variants of the GR gene (GRL) locus were identified and two alleles with fragment lengths of 4.5 and 2.3 kilobases (kb) were detected. Results: The observed frequencies were 40.1% for the 2.3‐ and 2.3‐kb, 46.2% for the 4.5‐ and 2.3‐kb, and 13.7% for the 4.5‐ and 4.5‐kb genotypes. The larger allele (4.5 and 4.5 kb) was associated with elevated body mass index (BMI; p < 0.001), waist‐to‐hip circumference ratio (p = 0.015), abdominal sagittal diameter (p = 0.002), leptin (p < 0.001), and systolic blood pressure (borderline, p = 0.058). The 4.5‐ and 4.5‐kb allele was associated with leptin after adjustment for BMI. Moreover, salivary cortisol values, particularly after stimulation by a standardized lunch (p = 0.040 to 0.086), were elevated in the men with the larger allele. Discussion: These results indicate that there is an association between a deficient GR function, defined as a poor feedback regulation of the HPA axis activity, and a polymorphic restriction site at the GR gene locus. An abnormal control of HPA axis function due to genetic alterations may contribute to the pathogenesis of abdominal obesity. 相似文献
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Yu Y Wyszynski DF Waterworth DM Wilton SD Barter PJ Kesäniemi YA Mahley RW McPherson R Waeber G Bersot TP Ma Q Sharma SS Montgomery DS Middleton LT Sundseth SS Mooser V Grundy SM Farrer LA 《Journal of lipid research》2005,46(10):2202-2213
We conducted a genome-wide scan using variance components linkage analysis to localize quantitative-trait loci (QTLs) influencing triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and total cholesterol (TC) levels in 3,071 subjects from 459 families with atherogenic dyslipidemia. The most significant evidence for linkage to TG levels was found in a subset of Turkish families at 11q22 [logarithm of the odds ratio (LOD)=3.34] and at 17q12 (LOD=3.44). We performed sequential oligogenic linkage analysis to examine whether multiple QTLs jointly influence TG levels in the Turkish families. These analyses revealed loci at 20q13 that showed strong epistatic effects with 11q22 (conditional LOD=3.15) and at 7q36 that showed strong epistatic effects with 17q12 (conditional LOD=3.21). We also found linkage on the 8p21 region for TG in the entire group of families (LOD=3.08). For HDL-C levels, evidence of linkage was identified on chromosome 15 in the Turkish families (LOD=3.05) and on chromosome 5 in the entire group of families (LOD=2.83). Linkage to QTLs for TC was found at 8p23 in the entire group of families (LOD=4.05) and at 5q13 in a subset of Turkish and Mediterranean families (LOD=3.72). These QTLs provide important clues for the further investigation of genes responsible for these complex lipid phenotypes. These data also indicate that a large proportion of the variance of TG levels in the Turkish population is explained by the interaction of multiple genetic loci. 相似文献
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The increasing incidence of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases has severely affected global human health and life safety. In recent years, some effective drugs with remarkable curative effects and few side effects found in natural compounds have attracted attention. Salidroside (SAL), a phenylpropane glycoside, is the main active ingredient of the plateau plant Rhodiola. So far, many animal experiments proved that SAL has good biological activity against some metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. However, most of these reports are scattered. This review systematically summarizes the pharmacological progress of SAL in the treatment of several metabolic (e. g., diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) and cardiovascular (e. g., atherosclerosis) diseases in a timely manner to promote the clinical application and basic research of SAL. Accumulating evidence proves that SAL has beneficial effects on these diseases. It can improve glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and β-cell and liver functions, and inhibit adipogenesis, inflammation and oxidative stress. Overall, SAL may be a valuable and potential drug candidate for the treatment of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. However, more studies especially clinical trials are needed to further confirm its therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms. 相似文献
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Esmaillzadeh A Mirmiran P Azadbakht L Etemadi A Azizi F 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2006,14(3):377-382
Objective : No evidence exists regarding the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in adolescents in Middle Eastern countries. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in a representative sample of Iranian adolescents. Research Methods and Procedures : Anthropometry, biochemical measurements, and blood pressure were assessed in a population‐based cross‐sectional study of 3036 Iranian adolescents (1413 boys and 1623 girls) 10 to 19 years of age. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to modified Adult Treatment Panel III definition. Overweight (≥95th percentile) and at risk for overweight (≥85th to <95th percentile) was defined based on the standardized percentile curves of BMI suggested for Iranian adolescents. Results : The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 10.1% (95% confidence interval: 9.0 to 11.1) among Iranian adolescents (boys: 10.3%, 8.6 to 11.8; girls: 9.9%, 8.4 to 11.3). Overall, low serum high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol and high serum triglycerides were the most common components of the metabolic syndrome (42.8% and 37.5%, respectively). Overweight subjects had the highest proportion of metabolic syndrome compared with those at risk for overweight and those with normal weight (boys: 41.1% vs. 11.4% and 3.0%, respectively, p < 0.01; girls: 43% vs. 15.2% and 5.0%, respectively, p < 0.01). Discussion : This study provides evidence showing a high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Iranian adolescents, particularly among overweight adolescents. 相似文献
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Anne Marie E Snoddy Hallie R Buckley Siân E Halcrow 《American journal of physical anthropology》2016,160(2):183-196
Vitamin D deficiency has traditionally been viewed as a metabolic bone disease by bioarchaeologists and considered primarily in terms of the development of specific musculoskeletal changes used for diagnosis in paleopathological research. These skeletal manifestations are usually interpreted as representing general ill‐health. Clinical research shows that vitamin D is also integral to a number of extra‐skeletal physiological processes including immunoregulation, blood pressure homeostasis, cell division, and programmed cell death. Vitamin D deficiency and sub‐clinical insufficiency are thought to be risk factors for infectious and autoimmune diseases, as well as certain cancers and cardiovascular diseases. Epidemiological work indicates that the skeletal manifestations of vitamin D deficiency represent the extreme end of a spectrum of morbidity associated with negative health outcomes, including increased risk for secondary tuberculosis. This article provides a review of clinical research on the extra‐skeletal roles of vitamin D and the pathological consequences of poor vitamin D status. Additionally, it presents an interpretive model for bioarchaeological analyses of rickets and osteomalacia for consideration of the whole‐body impact of poor vitamin D nutriture and possible comorbidities that may have affected the wider population. Am J Phys Anthropol 160:183–196, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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Objectives: The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) proposed a novel definition of the metabolic syndrome (MS) in 2005, which designated central obesity as mandatory. The new National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) version, announced by the American Heart Association and National Heart Lung and Blood Institute in October 2005, did not favor any of the five components. We set out to compare the cardiovascular profiles of patients cross‐defined by these two definitions to shed light on the differential meanings of the two. Research Methods and Procedures: We analyzed data from 2608 non‐institutionalized adults (≥19 years old) in the National Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan, who had complete data for the five MS defining components. Both definitions adopted lower cut‐points for fasting glucose and race‐specific cut‐points for waist circumference. Results: Under the IDF's and new NCEP's definitions, the MS prevalence was 6.2% and 11.6% in men and 12.6% and 16.5% in women, respectively. Although the two definitions had high agreement, IDF failed to pick up ～4% to 5% of people with more than three MS component disorders but a waist circumference less than the cut‐point. Subjects whose physical conditions only satisfied NCEP's definition had similar or worse metabolic profiles than those whose conditions satisfied both IDF's definition and the new NCEP's definition. Discussion: The IDF definition would fail to identify a portion of people who have more than three MS component disorders but a small waistline. Further research and discussion are needed on whether and how to implement the IDF's definition. 相似文献
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Stephen L. Pinkosky Sergey Filippov Rai Ajit K. Srivastava Jeffrey C. Hanselman Cheryl D. Bradshaw Timothy R. Hurley Clay T. Cramer Mark A. Spahr Ashley F. Brant Jacob L. Houghton Chris Baker Mark Naples Khosrow Adeli Roger S. Newton 《Journal of lipid research》2013,54(1):134-151
ETC-1002 (8-hydroxy-2,2,14,14-tetramethylpentadecanedioic acid) is a novel investigational drug being developed for the treatment of dyslipidemia and other cardio-metabolic risk factors. The hypolipidemic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-obesity, and glucose-lowering properties of ETC-1002, characterized in preclinical disease models, are believed to be due to dual inhibition of sterol and fatty acid synthesis and enhanced mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation. However, the molecular mechanism(s) mediating these activities remained undefined. Studies described here show that ETC-1002 free acid activates AMP-activated protein kinase in a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase β-independent and liver kinase β 1-dependent manner, without detectable changes in adenylate energy charge. Furthermore, ETC-1002 is shown to rapidly form a CoA thioester in liver, which directly inhibits ATP-citrate lyase. These distinct molecular mechanisms are complementary in their beneficial effects on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in vitro and in vivo. Consistent with these mechanisms, ETC-1002 treatment reduced circulating proatherogenic lipoproteins, hepatic lipids, and body weight in a hamster model of hyperlipidemia, and it reduced body weight and improved glycemic control in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. ETC-1002 offers promise as a novel therapeutic approach to improve multiple risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome and benefit patients with cardiovascular disease. 相似文献
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Naoki Harada 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2018,82(10):1667-1682
Testosterone is a sex hormone produced by testicular Leydig cells in males. Blood testosterone concentrations increase at three time-periods in male life–fetal, neonatal (which can be separated into newborn and infant periods), and pubertal stages. After peaking in the early 20s, the blood bioactive testosterone level declines by 1–2% each year. It is increasingly apparent that a low testosterone level impairs general physical and mental health in men. Here, this review summarizes recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses of epidemiological studies in males (including cross-sectional, longitudinal, and androgen deprivation studies, and randomized controlled testosterone replacement trials) in relation to testosterone and obesity, body composition, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and longevity. Furthermore, underlying mechanisms are discussed using data from rodent studies involving castration or androgen receptor knockout. This review provides an update understanding of the role of testosterone in energy metabolism.
Abbreviations AR: androgen receptor; CV: cardiovascular; FDA: US Food and Drug Administration; HFD: high-fat diet; KO: knockout; MetS: metabolic syndrome; RCT: randomized controlled trial; SHBG: sex hormone binding globulin; SRMA: systematic review and meta-analysis; TRT: testosterone replacement therapy; T2DM:type 2 diabetes mellitus 相似文献
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《Chronobiology international》2013,30(6):802-813
Circadian rhythms – near 24?h intrinsic biological rhythms – modulate many aspects of human physiology and hence disruption of circadian rhythms may have an important impact on human health. Experimental work supports a potential link between irregular circadian rhythms and several key risk factors for cardiovascular disease including hypertension, obesity, diabetes and dyslipidemia, collectively termed the metabolic syndrome. While several epidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between shift-work and the components of the metabolic syndrome in working-age adults, there is a relative paucity of data concerning the impact of non-occupational circadian irregularity in older women and men. To address this question, we studied 7 days of actigraphic data from 1137 older woman and men participating in the Rush Memory and Aging Project, a community-based cohort study of the chronic conditions of aging. The regularity of activity rhythms was quantified using the nonparametric interdaily stability metric, and was related to the metabolic syndrome and its components obesity, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. More regular activity rhythms were associated with a lower odds of having the metabolic syndrome (OR?=?0.69, 95% CI?=?0.60–0.80, p?=?5.8?×?10?7), being obese (OR?=?0.73, 95% CI?=?0.63–0.85, p?=?2.5?×?10?5), diabetic (OR?=?0.76, 95% CI?=?0.65–0.90, p?=?9.3?×?10?4), hypertensive (OR?=?0.78, 95% CI?=?0.66–0.91, p?=?2.0?×?10?3) or dyslipidemic (OR?=?0.82, 95% CI?=?0.72–0.92, p?=?1.2?×?10?3). These associations were independent of differences in objectively measured total daily physical activity or rest, and were not accounted for by prevalent coronary artery disease, stroke or peripheral artery disease. Moreover, more regular activity rhythms were associated with lower odds of having cardiovascular disease (OR?=?0.83; 95% CI?=?0.73–0.95, p?=?5.7?×?10?3), an effect that was statistically mediated by the metabolic syndrome. We conclude that irregular activity rhythms are associated with several key components of the metabolic syndrome in older community-dwelling adults, and that the metabolic syndrome statistically partially mediates the association between activity rhythms and prevalent cardiovascular disease. Although additional longitudinal and experimental studies are needed to conclusively delineate the causal relationships underlying these associations, these findings are consistent with preclinical data, and add further support for investigations of the irregularity of activity rhythms as a potential therapeutic target to decrease the burden of cardiovascular disease in older adults. 相似文献