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1.
4-Acetoxy-2-alkenylquinolines, the analogs of quinolinol antibiotic SF2420B (1), were synthesized and their insecticidal activities were evaluated.  相似文献   

2.
  总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
An insecticidal crystal protein gene of Bacillus thuringiensis was transferred into cabbage genome with the method of Agrobacterium infection. Cotyledons with petioles as explants were cocultivated with Agrobacterial suspension. Calli generated at the basis of petiole were subjected to selection on the MS medium containing 15-30 mg/L kanamycin (Km). About 5% explants produced calli growing continuously on the selective medium. Green shoots appeared on these calli when they were transplanted onto medium with Km and 6-BA for plant differentiation. The shoots were separated and cultivated on medium with kanamycin. About 80% shoots were rooted. Non-transformed control calli could not give normal shoots and roots and brownized and died gradually. Larvae of Pieris rapae showed poisonous symptoms: growth inhibition and mortality when fed with the leaf of the transgenic plants. About 80% of regenerated plants showed positive hybridization bands when their DNA were probed with crystal protein sequence of Bacillu  相似文献   

3.
蛇床子素粉剂对玉米象成虫的杀虫活性及酶活性的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
研究1.0%蛇床子素(osthole)粉剂对玉米象Sitophilus zeamais Motschusky成虫的杀虫活性及其对玉米象成虫羧酸酯酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶及蛋白质活性的影响。结果表明,1.0%蛇床子素粉剂对玉米象成虫有很好的杀虫活性,处理玉米象成虫3d后,0.8mg/kg以上剂量的蛇床子素粉剂对玉米象成虫的校正死亡率达100%;用0.19mg/kg蛇床子素粉剂处理玉米象成虫2d后,试虫体内乙酰胆碱酯酶、羧酸酯酶和蛋白质活性均表现出受抑制,而谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性随处理时间的延长整体趋势表现出被诱导。  相似文献   

4.
30种药用植物提取物杀虫杀菌活性研究   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
采用微量点滴法和载毒叶片饲喂法测定30种药用植物乙醇提取物对粘虫3龄幼虫的触杀、胃毒以及拒食活性。结果表明,供试样品在50mg·mL-1浓度下均无明显的触杀或胃毒作用,但卡瓦胡椒和川陈皮对试虫有一定的拒食活性,其中卡瓦胡椒24h拒食中浓(AFC50)为4.12mg·mL-1,48h为9.12mg·mL-1。采用抑制菌丝生长速率法和抑制孢子萌发法测定离体杀菌活性的结果表明,供试样品在2mg·mL-1浓度下,卡瓦胡椒和厚朴对供试病原菌均有较强抑制作用。毒力测定结果表明,卡瓦胡椒对玉米大斑病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、小麦根腐病菌、油菜菌核病菌4种病原真菌菌丝生长抑制的有效中浓(EC50)分别为108、258、290、205mg·L-1,厚朴分别为208、331、345、408mg·L-1;卡瓦胡椒对玉米大斑病菌、玉米小斑病菌、烟草赤星病菌3种病原真菌抑制孢子萌发的有效中浓(EC50)分别为155、195、268mg·L-1,厚朴则分别为151、242、241mg·L-1。根据以上结果,我们认为卡瓦胡椒和厚朴的乙醇提取物具有较高的杀菌活性,其有效成分值得进一步研究。  相似文献   

5.
对实验室分离保存的 5 4株苏云金芽孢杆菌的H 血清型、杀虫晶体蛋白质 ,杀虫基因cry 1C和对甜菜夜蛾的活性进行了检测 ,分析了它们之间的关系。结果表明 ,有 2 8株菌株含有cry 1C基因 ,携带有cry 1C基因的菌株的晶体蛋白质主要为 135ku左右 ,它们对甜菜夜蛾均有较高的毒性 ,这些菌株的鞭毛抗原血清型主要分布在H 5和H 7。  相似文献   

6.
咖啡碱是茶树的主要生物碱和特征性物质之一,通过滤纸片法、生长速率法、饲喂称重法对咖啡碱抑菌、抗虫作用的研究,发现咖啡碱对供试细菌和真菌有一定的抑菌能力,对棉铃虫和菜粉蝶、家蚕幼虫具有毒害和抑制生长的影响。咖啡碱作为茶树的次生代谢产物具有抗病抗虫的的生物学功能。  相似文献   

7.
为研究砂地柏杀虫化学成分特征,采用活性示踪法,从砂地柏果实乙醇提取物中分离鉴定出6种萜烯类化合物:4-表-松香醛(1)、7,13-松香二烯-3-酮(2)、4-表-松香醇(3)、日本扁柏酮(4)、β-谷甾醇(5)和豆甾醇(6),其中日本扁柏酮是从砂地柏中首次分离得到.以砂地柏中另2种主要杀虫活性成分鬼臼毒素和脱氧鬼臼毒素为对照品,采用小叶碟添加法和浸叶法分别测试了上述化合物对粘虫(Mythimna separata)幼虫的拒食活性和对菜青虫(Pieris rapae)的毒杀活性.结果表明,2种木脂素类化合物鬼臼毒素和脱氧鬼臼毒素的活性高于本研究得到的6种化合物,其中4种二萜类化合物的活性高于2种甾醇三萜类化合物;4种二萜类化合物的活性差异较大,其中4-表-松香醇和7,13-松香二烯-3-酮对粘虫幼虫的拒食活性较高,其48 h AFC50分别为2.92和3.02mg·mL-1,7,13-松香二烯-3-酮对菜青虫毒杀活性较高,其48h LC50为3.40mg·mL-1.所得到的4-表-松香醇和日本扁柏酮2种化合物的杀虫活性为首次报道.  相似文献   

8.
松油烯-4-醇对粘虫幼虫的生物活性   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14       下载免费PDF全文
马志卿  张兴 《昆虫学报》2004,47(3):329-333
测定了杀虫植物砂地柏Sabina vulgaris Ant.的精油中主杀虫成分-松油烯-4-醇(terpinen 4.01)对粘虫Mythimna separata Walker幼虫的生物活性。结果表明,松油烯- 4-醇对粘虫主要表现为熏蒸作用,对粘虫3龄幼虫24 h的熏蒸LC50为5.3473 μL/L ;还具一定触杀作用,对粘虫4龄幼虫24 h的LD50为147.8 μg/虫。试虫的中毒症状可明显地分为兴奋、痉挛、麻痹和死亡4个阶段,而麻痹的部分试虫有复苏现象。可明显抑制Na+ ,K+ATP酶的活性,在兴奋期、痉挛期、麻痹期和复苏期,抑制率介于21.28%~34.92% 之间。离体条件下对Na+,K+ATP酶的I50为133.75 μg·mL-1;对AChE活性有一定的影响;对酯酶,在兴奋期,酶活力为对照的7.0%,在麻痹期则为对照的1.33倍,而复苏期试虫的酯酶活力与对照相当。  相似文献   

9.
合成了14个(1-甲硫基亚乙基)氨基甲基氨基甲酸酯(灭多威)1的新型含硅衍生物3。 测定了其杀虫活性和抗乙酰胆碱酯酶活性。结桌表明该类化合物具有很好的杀虫活性,在50μg/mL浓度下,对粘虫Mythimna separata Walker几乎全部具有100%杀灭效果。以美洲大蠊Periplaneta americana为试材,大部分化合物的抗乙酰胆碱酯酶活性与母体灭多威1相当  相似文献   

10.
以我室自行分离的对鳞翅目夜蛾科害虫具有高毒力的Bt菌株B-Pr-88为材料,用PCR-RFLP方法从其质粒DNA文库中筛选到含cry2Ab基因的一个阳性克隆pZF858,序列测定发现,该片段含有cry2Ab全长基因,开放读码框为1902bps,编码由633个氨基酸组成的70.7kD蛋白,氨基酸同源性与已公布的cry2Ab基因同源性均为99.8%,经Bt基因国际命名委员会正式命名为cry2Ab4。根据cry2Ab4基因开放阅读框架(ORF)两端序列,设计合成一对特异引物L2ab5和L2ab3,PCR扩增获得cry2Ab4完整ORF,与大肠杆菌表达载体pET-21b连接,构建了重组表达质粒pET-2Ab4,质粒导入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE电泳证实该基因表达了60kD的蛋白,生物测定表明,Cry2Ab4对棉铃虫和大豆食心虫具有高毒力,同时对小菜蛾和二化螟有一定的杀虫活性,而对亚洲玉米螟和甜菜夜蛾没有杀虫活性。  相似文献   

11.
右旋磷霉素生物转化菌株的筛选和鉴定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以右旋磷霉素为唯一碳源进行固体初筛和液体复筛,获得生物转化能力较强的32株菌;再以杀卤虫模型筛选具有杀虫活性物质的菌株,得到一株具有较强杀虫活性的真菌FM94,通过对该菌的形态特征观察及ITS序列分析,鉴定为腾仓赤霉(Gibberella fujikuroi);初步考察其生物转化条件,结果表明在以右旋磷霉素为唯一碳源,初始pH值为3.5,转化培养第4d时转化产物杀卤虫活性最高。  相似文献   

12.
    
The discovery of new highly active molecules from natural products is a common method to create new pesticides. Celangulin V targeting Mythimna separate (M. separate) midgut V-ATPase H subunit, has received considerable attention for its excellent insecticidal activity and unique mechanism of action. Therefore, combined with our preliminary work, thirty-seven sulfonamide derivatives bearing propargyloxy or pyridine groups were systematically synthesized to search for insecticidal candidate compounds with low cost and high efficiency on the H subunit of V-ATPase. Bioactive results showed that compounds A2-A4 and A6-A7 exhibited a better bioactivity with median effective concentration (LC50) values (2.78, 3.11, 3.34, 3.54 and 2.48 mg/mL, respectively) against third-instar larvae of M. separate than Celangulin V (LC50=18.1 mg/mL). Additionally, molecular docking experiments indicated that these molecules may act on the H subunit of V-ATPase. Based on the above results, these compounds provide new ideas for the discovery of insecticides.  相似文献   

13.
昆虫病原线虫共生细菌是寄生在昆虫病原线虫肠道的一种细菌,二者互惠共生。实验采用6个不同种的菌株为筛选材料。共生细菌菌株的培养液经85%饱和度的(NH4)2SO4盐析,浓缩冻干得到杀虫粗提物。以粗提物注射大蜡螟Galleria mellonella、饲喂玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis和棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera,发现Xenorhabdus nematophilus D43、X.bovienii A54、Photorhabdus luminescens HZL和CB-8等4个菌株发酵液的粗提物对昆虫有高的血腔毒性,菌株A54对昆虫又有高的胃毒效果。由此确立A54为高毒力的菌株,其杀虫活性表现为:注射大蜡螟48 h的死亡率为80%,96 h为93.3%;粗提物饲喂玉米螟,72 h死亡率为53.3%,120 h死亡率为100%;饲喂棉铃虫,72 h死亡率为80.1%,120 h死亡率为90%。杀虫粗提物经DEAE-52柱层析分离,得到一个穿透峰和三个盐的梯度洗脱峰,其中穿透峰对昆虫有很好的胃毒效果,但没有血腔毒性;三个盐峰均有很高的血腔毒性,但没有胃毒作用。穿透峰样品饲喂2龄、3龄棉铃虫也有很好的杀虫活性,96 h 2龄棉铃虫的死亡率为65%,3龄棉铃虫的死亡率为30%;处理96 h的棉铃虫同处理前相比体重下降,未死棉铃虫体重明显低于对照。  相似文献   

14.
    
Developing effective and eco‐friendly antimicrobials and pesticides has become a highly important issue. The repellent, insecticidal and antimicrobial activity of essential oils (EOs) isolated by hydrodistillation from dried leaves of the three Eucalyptus species (E. cloeziana, E. umbellata and E. benthamii) were investigated. During GC/MS analysis, α‐pinene (47.36 %), 1,8‐cineol (38.53 %) and α‐pinene (35.31 %) were identified as major components of E. cloeziana, E. umbellata and E. benthamii, respectively. The EOs from E. cloeziana exhibited the longest effective protection time (465 min, at 50.0 % w/w) for humans among the EOs studied. The effective protection time was 30 min and 300 min at concentrations of 12.5 % (w/w) and 25.0 % (w/w), respectively. Fumigating insecticidal activity of EOs from three Eucalyptus species was tested by airtight fumigation in conical flask, which indicated that essential oils had a highly and rapidly insecticidal activity on Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus. The antimicrobial activity of EOs was evaluated by using disc diffusion and agar dilution methods. There was no significant difference in the antibacterial activity of EOs from E. cloeziana and E. umbellate and they had the same MICs (20 mL/L) on Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. E. benthamii had the worst microbial inhibitory effect among the three Eucalyptus essential oils and the MIC value for the test species is 40 mL/L except for Rhodotorula Harrison (10 mL/L).  相似文献   

15.
The main objective of this work is to evaluate the impact of the diurnal variation on the essential oil (EO) of Salvia officinalis and on their antioxidant, antifungal and insecticidal potentials. Obtained results showed that the chemical composition of EOs of sage varied significantly during the day. For the EO, the 7 am extract was characterized by the most significant antiradical activity. The EOs of 12 and 5 pm used at a dose of 10 μL were found to have the most effective potential to inhibit the growth of Botrytis cinerea whereas, the EO of 5 pm used at the same dose (10 μL) was the most effective against Fusarium sambucinum. For the fumigant test, the EO from 7 am had the highest activity against Spodoptera littoralis. The EO of 12 pm had the largest repellency activity against Trogoderma granarium. In addition, the EO from 7 am belongs to the repulsive class III, those of 12 and 5 pm belong to the repulsive class IV. The results of this study indicate how to optimize the best harvesting hour to obtain extracts characterized by the best yield of active compounds and by the more effective biological activity.  相似文献   

16.
猪毛蒿精油杀虫的有效成分   总被引:22,自引:2,他引:22       下载免费PDF全文
徐汉虹  周俊 《昆虫学报》1994,37(4):411-416
生物活性筛选试验表明,菊科植物猪毛蒿(Artemisia scoparia Waldst. Et Kitag)全草精油具杀虫活性。采用GC-MS方法分析了猪毛蒿精油的化学成分。共检出92个成分,鉴定了其中46个成分。通过柱层析分离出主成分,经各种波谱分析鉴定为1-苯基-2,4-己二炔。活性跟踪结果表明,l-苯基-2,4-己二炔为猪毛蒿精油中的主要杀虫成分。  相似文献   

17.
Glycoconjugates reacting with eel anti-H agglutinin were purified from extracts of leaves of three species of cruciferous plants (radish, turnip, and rape) by precipitation with ethanol, ion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. High voltage paper electrophoresis or ultracentrifugal analysis revealed that the purified specimens were homogeneous. Their apparent molecular weights were estimated to range from 0.5 to 1.5 x 105. They consisted of a novel l-fucose-containing acidic arabinogalactan-protein composed of residues of l-arabinose, d-galactose, l-fucose, 4-O-methyl-d-glucuronic acid, and d-glucuronic acid in similar molar proportions, and containing polypeptide portions with abundant hydroxyproline, serine, threonine, and alanine. All the arabinogalactan-proteins exhibited potent inhibitory activity against the hemagglutination of human O erythrocytes by eel anti-H agglutinin.  相似文献   

18.
骆驼蓬醇提取物杀虫活性初步研究   总被引:13,自引:1,他引:13       下载免费PDF全文
骆驼蓬全草醇粗提物分为石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、水溶性5部分,提取得率分别为4.6%、1.7%、0.3%、4.8%、7.6%.分别配成2.0g·L-1至0.1g·L-1一系列梯度浓度,采用浸叶法进行小麦蚜虫的杀灭活性试验,48h后,结果表明,浓度越高,活性越大,其中在2.0g·L-1处理时水部分和氯仿部分活性非常明显,小麦蚜虫校正死亡率可达95.46%、90.83%.另外化学成分系统预试结果表明茎叶含有丰富的生物碱,黄酮,酚性成分等.  相似文献   

19.
[目的]利用类产碱假单胞菌核心杀虫蛋白基因(Core Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes insecticidal protein gene,cppip)构建植物表达载体并转化烟草,以研究cppip在高等植物体内表达产物的活性.[方法]cppip在烟草基因组中的整合及转录通过烟草转化系T0代种子发芽的抗生素抗性分离及其T1代株系的分子检测来证明;烟草转化系后代表达产物的杀虫效果通过测定蝗虫死亡率来分析.[结果]证明了cppip能以一定拷贝数插入到烟草基因组内,并按照孟德尔遗传方式传递给后代;比较含信号肽(signal peptide sequence,SPS)和不含信号肽的类产碱假单胞菌杀虫蛋白基因(Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes insecticidal protein gene,ppip)表达产物的杀虫活性,发现不含SPS的ppip烟草转化系蛋白表达产物对2~3龄蝗虫幼虫的平均致死率为83.37%,并对幼虫的生长发育有明显抑制作用,而含有SPS的ppip烟草转化系蛋白表达产物对2~3龄蝗虫幼虫的平均致死率为15.65%,两者之间有着显著的差异.[结论]推测ppip的SPS会影响该基因在高等植物体内表达产物的活性,本研究结果对于高效利用ppip进行植物转化及抗虫具有重要参考价值.  相似文献   

20.
    
Extensively produced by members of the genus Streptomyces, piericidins are a large family of microbial metabolites, which consist of main skeleton of 4-pyridinol with methylated polyketide side chain. Nonetheless, these metabolites show differences in their bioactive potentials against micro-organisms, insects and tumour cells. Due to its close structural similarity with coenzyme Q, piericidins also possess an inhibitory activity against NADH dehydrogenase as well as Photosystem II. This review studied the latest research progress of piericidins, covering the chemical structure and physical properties of newly identified members, bioactivities, biosynthetic pathway with gene clusters and future prospect. With the increasing incidence of drug-resistant human pathogen strains and cancers, this review aimed to provide clues for the development of either new potential antibiotics or anti-tumour agents.  相似文献   

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