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《Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics》2014,16(3):132-142
Much of our current understanding of the impact of invasive species on plant communities is based on patterns occurring in the above-ground vegetation, while only few studies have examined changes in soil seed banks associated with plant invasions, despite their important role as determinants of vegetation dynamics. Here, we reviewed the literature on the impact of plant invasions on the seed bank and we provide a quantitative synthesis using a meta-analysis approach. Specifically, (1) we quantified the impact of 18 invasive alien plants on (i) species richness and (ii) density of the seed banks of invaded communities, based on 58 pair-wise invaded-uninvaded comparisons (cases); we identified (2) the invasive taxa that are responsible for the largest changes in the seed bank; and (3) the habitats where substantial changes occur. Our study showed three major findings: (1) species richness (68% of cases) and density (58% of cases) were significantly lower in native seed banks invaded by alien plants; (2) species richness and density of native and alien species were remarkably lower in seed banks invaded by large, perennial herbs compared to uninvaded sites; and (3) invaded seed banks were often associated with a larger richness and/or abundance of alien species. This study indicates a need for additional seed bank data in invasion ecology to characterize species-specific and habitat-specific impacts of plant invasions, and to determine whether changes in the seed banks of native and alien species are a symptom of environmental degradation prior to a plant invasion or whether they are its direct result. The findings of this study help improve our capacity to predict the long-term implications of plant invasions, including limitations in the recruitment of native species from the seed bank and the potential for secondary invasions by seeds of other alien species. 相似文献
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Catherine S. Wightman Stephen S. Germaine Paul Beier 《Journal of Field Ornithology》2007,78(2):184-194
ABSTRACT. There is growing recognition of the need to conserve areas used by birds during migration, including forest and upland habitats. Because extensive thinning and burning treatments are planned for ponderosa pine ( Pinus ponderosa ) forests in the southwestern United States, information on the use of these forests by landbirds during migration is needed for conservation planning. We compared species richness among spring, breeding, and fall seasons at 69 points in a ponderosa pine forest to assess changes in landbird communities and the role of different ponderosa pine cover types in habitat selection among seasons. We detected a total of 64 bird species. Bird community similarity was lowest between the breeding and fall seasons and highest between the spring and breeding seasons. Twenty percent of the species detected were present exclusively in the fall and, of these, over half were Neotropical migrants. Only two species (3%) were detected exclusively during the spring. Although we found little difference in bird species similarity among vegetative cover types during the breeding season, forests that contained a deciduous component exhibited higher bird species similarity with each other than with habitats that did not include a deciduous component in spring and fall. In addition, foliage foragers dominated the community in spring and fall, and all Neotropical migrants detected exclusively in fall were found in ponderosa pine forests with a deciduous component. Our results indicate that ponderosa pine forests may be important to migrating or dispersing landbirds in autumn, especially if there is a deciduous component. 相似文献
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D. A. PERRY H. MARGOLIS C. CHOQUETTE R. MOLINA J. M. TRAPPE 《The New phytologist》1989,112(4):501-511
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Questions: To what extent does species‐specific variation in gut passage time (GPT), habitat use and mobility of three key avian frugivores synergistically affect the distribution of Xymalos monospora seeds within and among isolated forest fragments? Location: Three fragments of a severely fragmented cloud forest, Taita Hills, southeast Kenya. Methods: We experimentally determined GPTs of X. monospora seeds and recorded movements and habitat use by Turdus helleri, Andropadus milanjensis and Tauraco hartlaubi through radiotelemetry, and combined these data to generate species‐specific seed dispersal patterns. Results: Differences in mobility and habitat use among the three frugivores caused significant complementarity in seed dispersal, despite the fact that gut transit times were highly comparable. While the most sedentary and forest‐dependent species mainly led to short‐distance dispersal away from parent trees, two more mobile species dispersed seeds further away from the source trees, both within indigenous forest patches and towards exotic plantations and isolated fruiting trees in the landscape matrix. A. milanjensis inhabiting a very small forest fragment spent significantly more time in the landscape matrix than conspecifics residing in the two larger fragments. Conclusions: By varying distances over which seeds are carried away from parent trees and the habitat types in which they are ultimately deposited, avian frugivores affect the spatial distribution of seeds and early plant recruits in a distinct and complementary manner. Because landscape properties are expected to lead to different constraints on avian mobility for habitat specialists and for generalists, ecosystem processes such as avian seed dispersal are shaped by complex interactions between disperser behaviour and the environment. 相似文献
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Andrew Sánchez Meador Judith D. Springer David W. Huffman Matthew A. Bowker Joseph E. Crouse 《Restoration Ecology》2017,25(4):497-508
We investigated general effects of ecological restoration treatments on soil function in frequent‐fire forests of the western United States using a systematic review methodology. We searched numerous publication databases for original research papers and used well‐defined criteria developed a priori to select papers for review. We used meta‐analysis and qualitative summaries to compare reported responses of macronutrients, nitrogen cycling, and soil respiration among tree thinning (thin), prescribed fire (burn), and thinning plus prescribed fire treatments (composite). Results of meta‐analysis showed that mean differences in macronutrients were consistently higher in composite treatments (standardized using controls) when compared to thin‐only and burn‐only treatments. Mean responses related to nitrogen cycling showed similar patterns, with significant increases detected in composite treatments for all nitrogen cycling variables (mineralization, ammonification, and nitrification) and insignificant responses for the majority of the burn‐only and thin‐only treatments. Mean difference in response for soil respiration following composite treatments showed increases as compared to the controls, and no significant differences were detected in response to burn‐ and thin‐only treatments. While soil function, nutrient cycling, and soil respiration differed among treatments, the most significant effects were observed for nitrogen and carbon responses, net mineralization and nitrification, ammonium availability, and soil respiration rate, which experienced the greatest increase following treatments that were both thinned and burned. 相似文献
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在陕西省商洛山区人工油松群落分布集中的地段设置16个样地,对其分布的乔木、灌木和草本植物进行了调查,并对样地附近土壤理化指标进行了测定;采用α多样性指数对研究区域的物种多样性进行测度,并分析了12个环境因子与3个物种多样性指数的关系。结果表明:(1)研究区群落样地共记录植物48科84属95种,油松林下灌草组成丰富,分布较广的物种有木兰科、菊科、蔷薇科、百合科和莎草科,群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数计算结果与Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数的变化趋势基本一致。(2)群落Margalef丰富度指数与年龄的二项式回归达显著水平(P=0.023 7)、与20～40cm土壤速效N含量的二项式回归达极显著水平(P=0.003 3);Pielou均匀度指数与0～20cm土壤pH值二项式回归达显著水平(P=0.014 4);Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与标准化坡向的直线回归达显著水平(P=0.049 6)、与40～60cm土壤pH值的二项式回归达显著水平(P=0.029 0)。研究表明,该群落物种多样性主要受年龄、土壤速效N、坡向、以及土壤pH值影响。 相似文献
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Michaella M. Smith Henry T. Smith Richard M. Engeman 《International biodeterioration & biodegradation》2004,54(4):3727
Florida has one of the two worst non-indigenous invasive species problems in the United States, and all such species are considered by statute to be a potential ecological problem. Unfortunately, little information is available about most of Florida's invasive species. Here, we provide information on range expansion of a population of one of the lesser-known species. The Palm Beach County, Florida, population of the northern curly-tailed lizard, Leiocephalus carinatus armouri, was examined for north–south expansion of its previously documented range. Observations were conducted as contiguous expansion outward from the previously known range. We found a substantial contiguous range expansion by a minimum of 46.3 km to the south and 34.1 km to the north. This species appears to be closely associated with coastal habitat degradation in the form of human infrastructure, especially ageing pavement, sea walls, buildings, and bridge bases. 相似文献
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J. B. Mitton B. R. Kreiser G. E. Rehfeldt 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2000,101(8):1269-1272
The b/c intron of the mitochondrial nad1 gene, was sequenced to characterize the indel region of ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa. The sequence in ponderosa pine was aligned with the sequence in Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris, to design seven primers that are useful for sequencing and for revealing size variation in amplified fragments in ponderosa
pine, Scots pine, and limber pine, Pinus flexilis. These primers reveal variability in all three species, and the pattern of variability within ponderosa pine is described
by a preliminary survey. The indel region of ponderosa pine contains three distinct elements with lengths of 31, 32, and 34
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Received: 1 March 2000 / Accepted: 14 April 2000<@head-com-p1a.lf>Communicated by P.M.A. Tigerstedt 相似文献
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Ellen Waddle;Mark R. Lesser;Christopher Steenbock;Daniel F. Doak; 《Ecology and evolution》2024,14(12):e70664
The dynamics of colonizing populations may be strongly influenced by both extrinsic (e.g., climate and competition) and intrinsic (e.g., density) forces as well as demographic and environmental stochasticity. Understanding the impacts of these effects is crucial for predicting range expansions, trailing edge dynamics, and the viability of rare species, but the general importance of each of these forces remains unclear. Here, we assemble establishment time and spatial locations of most individuals that have reached maturity in six isolated, establishing populations of two pine species. These data allow us to quantify the relative importance of multiple factors in controlling growth of these populations. We found that climate, density, site, and demographic stochasticity were of varying importance both within and across species, but that no driver appeared to dominate dynamics across all populations and time periods. Indeed, exclusion of any one of these effects greatly reduced predictive power of our population growth models. Given the similarity in the abiotic characteristics of these sites, the varying importance of these classes of effects was surprising but speaks to the need to consider multiple effects when predicting the dynamics of small and colonizing populations. 相似文献
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本地种与外来种水生植物在不同基质营养下的生长比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
近年来,生物入侵由于其对生态系统,环境,经济等多方面造成的后果日益严重,逐渐成为目前全球普遍关注的生态问题。对于植物而言,外来入侵种不仅会大大降低本地物种的存活率,而且对本地物种的分布也会造成很大程度的负面影响。不仅如此,外来入侵种还会对本地水生或陆生生态系统造成十分严重的影响和破坏。随着国内外专家学者对外来种研究的深入,许多有关外来种入侵机制的假说和理论不断被提出。其中以资源假说(Resource Hypothesis,Davis 等 2000)研究的最为广泛和深入。在资源假说中,Davis等提出:伴随着一定数量繁殖体,外来物种的入侵会随着资源(例如光,营养和水份)的增加而加剧。为了验证(1)外来种和本地种的表现是否存在差异,如果存在,这种是否也会随着资源的增加而增强?(2)外来种与本地种的差异是否对我们预测和防治入侵有帮助?本文在此基础上,采用4种水生外来种,水鳖科(Hydrocharitaceae)两种,小二仙草科(Haloragidaceae)狐尾藻属(Myriophyllum)两种,与本地同科或同属且形态相似的3种水生植物为实验材料。分别配制两种不同营养级别的基质环境,比较了在高、低营养基质环境中外来种和本地种与生长相关的参数指标。结果显示:在高营养基质和低营养基质环境中,本地种较外来种更大地积累其生物量并且拥有更高的相对生长速率(relative growth rate)。结果还显示:在侧枝的生物量分配方面,外来种较本地种显著增高。由于断枝是水生植物无性繁殖的重要手段之一,并且断枝由侧枝或主茎受到生物或非生物的扰动产生。我们使用侧枝生物量的分配这一指标来间接反映水生植物的无性繁殖能力。结果表明,本地种较外来种能较好适应当地不同的基质营养环境;但是在无性繁殖体的传播方面,外来种较本地种占有一定的优势。因此,我们尝试提出:对外来水生植物的防治应继续以管理本地水生植物的栖息地和保护本地水生植物多样性为主,并且应加大对外来水生植物无性繁殖体特别是断枝传播的管理和控制力度。 相似文献
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林下植被作为森林生态系统的一个重要组成部分,对维持林分结构和土壤质量起着重要作用.不同年龄树种对林下植被发育的影响已有所涉及,但这些为数不多的研究往往割裂了林木种群的生长规律与其林下植被间的相互作用,以林龄为尺度探讨林下植被发育的差异必然掩盖了林分种群对林下植被作用的异质性.采用时序研究法,按照油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)高速生期、径速生期、材积慢生期和材积速生期等不同发育时期,探讨林下植被组成、多样性、生物量和元素积累量的差异性.结果表明,高速生期阶段油松与林下植被竞争最为激烈,林下植被物种丰富度、多样性、生物量、元素积累量均最低.因此,高速生期阶段应及时对油松采取较大强度的抚育间伐以缓和油松种群与林下植被剧烈竞争的关系.径速生阶段林下植被与油松竞争最为缓和,草本层Gleason、Shannon-Wiener、Pielow指数由高生长阶段的7.817、2.222和0.769剧增到19.978、3.470和0.907,灌木层、草本层地上部分生物量、元素积累量也均达到最大.径速生阶段对油松林分的管理可相对粗放一些.进入材积阶段,油松与林下植被的关系日趋紧张.材积慢生阶段灌木层、草本层生物量由径速生期的2 262.61、461.92 kg/hm2分别下降至1 549.85、 220.84 kg/hm2,而灌木层Gleason、Shannon-Wiener指数均达到峰值.相对于材积慢生期,材积速生期灌木层、草本层物种多样性指数、元素积累量进一步下降,而生物量略有上升,材积速生期阶段应对油松林分适度间伐或主伐.可见,林下植被可作为人工纯林乔木生长规律的指示剂,根据林下植被发育状况选择林分经营方式具有一定的参考价值. 相似文献
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