重金属超富集植物及植物修复技术研究进展

植物修复技术（Phytoremediation)是近年来发展起来的一种主要用于清除土壤重金属污染的绿色生态技术,重金属超富集植物（hyperaccumulator)及植物修复技术是当前学术界研究的热点领域,目前虽已有Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn等超富集植物发现的报道,但尚无一例报道来自于中国,中国具有广袤的国土面积、丰富的植物类型和多种（处）古老的矿山开采与冶炼场所,在中国开展超富集植物的寻找,研究与开发工作,将会有重要突破,并具有重要的理论与实践意义,本文拟就国内外在这一领域的研究进展作一简要综述。     

水体重金属污染植物修复研究进展

植物修复技术作为一种废水处理新技术,具有投资少、效果好、产出高、环境效益好等优点,现已得到迅速发展及广泛应用。介绍了水生超富集植物的3种生态类型,造成水体污染重金属元素类型,植物应答重金属污染的检测方法,并对植物修复水体重金属污染的发展前景提出展望。     

重金属污染土壤植物修复基本原理及强化措施探讨

阐述了植物修复的基本概念及主要作用方式 ,并从土壤中重金属存在形态 ,植物对重金属吸收、排泄和积累以及植物生物学特性与植物修复的关系等方面讨论了重金属污染土壤植物修复的基本原理及局限性和限制性因素 ,从超富集植物性能强化和技术强化两方面探讨了植物修复的强化措施 ,并指出与现代化农业技术相结合是植物修复重金属污染土壤大规模商业应用的一条捷径     

重金属污染土壤植物修复中的微生物功能研究进展

综述了国内外在重金属污染土壤植物-微生物联合修复领域的研究报道,总结了近5年的研究实例。植物-微生物联合修复体系具有生物固定与生物去除土壤重金属的两种功能,根际微生物可以菌根、内生菌等方式与根系形成联合体,通过增强植物抗性和优化根际环境,促进根系发展,增强植物吸收和向上转运重金属的能力。建立植物-微生物联合修复体系,可充分发挥植物与微生物作用功能的优势,提高污染土壤的修复效率。增强植物修复体系中微生物功能的重点是深入研究根际微生物、根系和介质载体三者之间复合功能,结合污染土壤类型与植物群落配置的特点筛选扩繁高效菌种与菌群。     

低放核素污染土-水介质的植物修复研究进展

植物修复技术是利用植物根系吸收水分和养分的过程来吸收和转化土壤和水体中的污染物,以期达到清除,修复和治理的目的,是用于对土壤-水体中重金属和放射性核素污染清除的生态技术.本文就放射性核素的来源、污染现状、植物对放射性核素的积累筛选以及对污染土壤的修复研究进行综述,以明确植物修复技术在改善环境中的作用,为进一步筛选超积累植物并探讨植物对放射性核素污染的修复机理提供参考.     

植物修复——治理土壤重金属污染的新途径

介绍了重金属污染土壤的植物修复的概念、原理与研究动态以及重金属超积累植物的特性 ,及其在治理污染土壤中的潜力 ,为土壤重金属污染的整治及其生态的修复提出新途径。     

重金属污染土壤植物修复的研究进展和应用前景

土壤污染是当今面临的一个严峻的问题。其中重金属污染尤为严重。因此重金属污染土壤的修复日益受到各国政府和学者的重视。植物修复技术作为一种绿色安全的技术以其潜在的高效、经济及生态协调性成为当前国际学术界研究的热点领域。就植物修复技术的概念、方法原理、植物修复技术的研究历史和现状以及优点、应用前景作了系统阐述,并介绍了国内外开展的一些应用性实例。指出了植物修复技术当前还存在的问题。对今后发展的方向。作出了几点展望。     

重金属污染土壤的植物-微生物联合修复研究进展

重金属污染土壤的生物修复技术是土壤污染整治的重要手段之一,是近几年来国内外研究的热点,同时也是现今土壤污染治理中环境友好、成本低廉的技术.本文主要论述了重金属污染土壤的植物-微生物联合修复的原理与形式,介绍了此技术中土壤重金属污染物特性、植物本身生理生化特性及植物根际环境等影响因素的研究进展,并讨论了植物-微生物联合修复今后的研究重点.

Abstract：

Bioremediation is one of the important means in controlling soil heavy metals pollu-tion, which has the advantages of environmentally friendly and cost-effective, and attracted much attention around the world. This paper discussed the principles and forms of plant-microorganism combined remediation, and introduced the research progress on the behaviors of heavy metals in soils, the physiological and biochemical characteristics of plants, and the changes in rhizosphere environment under the remediation. Some perspectives for future research were proposed.     

有机物和重金属复合污染水体的修复植物筛选及修复性能

通过植物的采集、培育和选种,获得了海芋、合果芋、蜘蛛兰和密穗砖子苗等4种同时具备去碳、脱氮、除磷和积累重金属的高效修复植物,并对这些植物修复污染水体的性能进行了研究.结果表明,这4种植物均能有效地处理有机物和重金属复合污染水体.鲜重55-60g的植物,处理10LBOD₅、COD_Cr、TP、TN、Cu²⁺和Cr⁶⁺浓度分别为140、280、6,8、40、10和10mg·L^-1的模拟水样14d后,上述指标的去除率分别高达80%、72%、64%、53%、75%和68%以上,植物的促进作用分别为32%、27%、27%、28%、37%和19%以上.处理后水样的pH和DO分别为6.63～7.63和3.02～3.84mg·L^-1.     

高生物量经济植物修复重金属污染土壤研究进展

植物修复是重金属污染土壤修复的重要方法之一。利用高生物量经济植物修复重金属污染土壤,能够兼顾生态和经济效益,具有很大的应用前景。本文系统分析了植物修复现状及存在的问题,提出利用高生物量经济植物修复重金属污染土壤的优势,总结了近年来利用高生物量经济植物吸收重金属的研究进展,探讨了改善高生物量经济植物修复重金属污染土壤效率的方法,以期为提高植物修复经济效益、促进植物修复广泛应用提供参考。     

Remediation of contaminated soils by biotechnology with nanomaterials: bio-behavior,applications, and perspectives

Soil contamination caused by heavy metals and organic pollutants has drawn world-wide concern. Biotechnology has been applied for many years to the decontamination of soils polluted with organic and inorganic contaminants, and novel nanomaterials (NMs) has attracted much concern due to their high capacity for the removal/stabilization/degradation of pollutants. Recently, developing advanced biotechnology with NMs for the remediation of contaminated soils has become a hot research topic. Some researchers found that bioremediation efficiency of contaminated soils was enhanced by the addition of NMs, while others demonstrated that the toxicity of NMs to the organism negatively influenced the repair capacity of polluted soils. This paper reviews the application of biotechnology and NMs in soil remediation, and further provides a critical view of the effects of NMs on the phytoremediation and micro-remediation of contaminated soils. This review also discusses the future research needs for the combined application of biotechnology and NMs in soil remediation.     

2020污染土壤的生物修复专刊序言

生物修复技术,作为可持续发展的重要方向,因其环境友好、高效且无二次污染并能从根本上解决土壤污染问题而受到关注,已经在土壤污染治理中得到了广泛的应用.为了梳理和凝练生物修复技术的发展状况,本专刊收录了该研究领域的16篇论文,分别从植物修复、微生物修复、联合修复、重金属吸收积累的相关分子机制、资源化再利用等方面,详细阐述生...     

白车轴草(Trifolium repens)植株抗病性和生长与植物病史的关系

从白车轴草(Trifolium repens)自然种群中采集无白车轴草单孢锈菌病史的无性系(clones)17个,有白车轴草单孢锈菌病史的无性系14个,分别作为抗病型和感受型植物实验材料;采集白车轴草单孢锈菌(Uromyces trifolii-repentis)菌系(strains)10个,作为病菌实验材料.分别设置并进行了两个温室实验、一个田间盆栽实验和一个原生长地移栽实验,实验处理上分对照、单菌系接种和10个菌系接种等3种.实验结果表明,无论是用单菌系接种还是10个菌系接种,植株发病的概率和程度均与其抗病性有关,抗病型植株(无病史)发病的概率和程度显著低于感受型(有病史)植株.在相同处理的实验中(无论是田间实验还是温室实验),无病史植株和有病史植株的生长无显著差异;不同处理田间实验植株的生长有显著差异,病情愈重,生长愈差.无病史植株的抗病性明显强于有病史植株.但是,原生长地的移栽实验结果表明,在无病原菌存在的情况下,有病史植株的(叶)生长显著好于无病史植株.可以认为,研究生物个体对环境因子反应性差异的实验应当在自然条件下和自然梯度范围内进行.     

Phytoaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Natural Vegetation at the Municipal Wastewater Site in Abbottabad,Pakistan

Heavy metal accumulation in crops and soils from wastewater irrigation poses a significant threat to the human health. A study was carried out to investigate the removal potential of heavy metals (HM) by native plant species, namely Cannabis sativa L., Chenopodium album L., Datura stramonium L., Sonchus asper L., Amaranthus viridus L., Oenothera rosea (LHer), Xanthium stramonium L., Polygonum macalosa L., Nasturtium officinale L. and Conyza canadensis L. growing at the municipal wastewater site in Abbottabad city, Pakistan. The HM concentrations varied among plants depending on the species. Metal concentrations across species varied in the order iron (Fe) > zinc (Zn) > chromium (Cr) > nickel (Ni) > cadmium (Cd). Majority of the species accumulated more HM in roots than shoots. Among species, the concentrations (both in roots and shoots) were in the order C. sativa > C. album > X. stramonium > C. canadensis > A. viridus > N. officinale > P. macalosa > D. stramonium > S. asper > O. rosea. No species was identified as a hyperaccumulator. All species exhibited a translocation factor (TF) less than 1. Species like C. sativa, C. album and X. stramonium gave higher (> 1) biological concentration factor (BCF) and biological accumulation coefficient (BAC) especially for Fe, Cr and Cd than other species. Higher accumulation of heavy metals in these plant species signifies the general application of these species for phytostabilization and phytoextraction of HM from polluted soils.     

Stabilization Pb,Zn, and Cd-Contaminated Soil By Means of Natural Zeolite

This article aims to investigate the stabilization of Pb, Zn, and Cd contained in contaminated soil from a former mining site in Montevecchio, Sardinia, using clinoptilolite-rich tuff from Pentalofos, Evros. The study included (1) batch experiments and their environmental characterization and (2) column experiments. The first tests involved 1-month pot experiments with varying soil-zeolite mixtures, and their evaluation was carried out by standard USEPA leaching tests (TCLP, EPT test, SPLP). Moderate solubility reductions were recorded according to the TCLP (Pb: 38%, Zn: 33%, and Cd: 32%) due to the introduction of competing Na ions in the solution, while the EPT test showed more significant variations (Pb: 55%, Zn: 74%, and Cd: 46%). A major decrease is achieved in both cases by 10% w/w zeolite addition. The study was complemented by column experiments involving soil-zeolite mixtures eluted by CH3COOH solutions (0.003N and 0.05N). The solubility of Pb was reduced by 50 to 60% compared with the control column, thus indicating the considerable selectivity of clinoptilolite for Pb. In addition, Na and Ca measurements in the leachates confirmed that the immobilization of Pb was mainly attributed to ion exchange reactions.