胶质苜蓿种质资源苗期抗旱性综合评价

采用反复干旱法,研究了自国外引进的15份胶质苜蓿种质材料苗期抗旱性差异,并通过主成分分析及隶属函数法对不同来源胶质苜蓿种质资源的抗旱性进行综合评价.结果表明:13个苜蓿抗旱鉴定指标归纳为地下生物量因子、生长发育因子、地上生物量因子、根系因子、胁迫指数因子5个主成分,其中根冠比、地下生物量胁迫指数、根冠比胁迫指数、株高、叶面积、根长/株高、地上生物量、地下生物量、地上生物量胁迫指数、侧根数、叶面积胁迫指数等11个指标与胶质苜蓿抗旱性关系密切;根据隶属函数平均值的大小对15份胶质苜蓿种质资源抗旱性进行了排序.通过该方法旨在筛选出抗旱性较强的种质资源.     

Pb-Cu复合胁迫对马蔺幼苗生长和生理指标的影响

采用营养液培养法,研究了不同质量浓度Pb-Cu复合胁迫对马蔺[Iris lactea Pall. var. chinensis (Fisch.)Koidz.]幼苗生长和一些生理指标的影响. 结果表明, 处理35 d后, 在50.00 mg·L-1Pb与0.10、 1.00、 10.00 mg·L-1Cu组成的3个复合胁迫处理组中,马蔺幼苗的株高、根长、地上部分和地下部分的鲜质量和干质量、叶片叶绿素a(Chla)和叶绿素b(Chlb)的含量均低于对照组(0.00 mg·L-1Pb-0.01 mg·L-1Cu),叶片SOD和POD活性则显著高于对照组;其中,50.00 mg·L-1Pb-10.00 mg·L-1Cu处理组幼苗的株高、根长、Chla和Chlb含量及SOD和POD活性均最高,地上部分和地下部分的鲜质量和干质量也较高.在100.00 mg·L-1Pb与0.10、1.00、10.00 mg·L-1Cu组成的3个复合胁迫处理组中,100.00 mg·L-1Pb-0.10 mg·L-1Cu处理组幼苗的株高、根长、地上部分和地下部分的鲜质量及干质量、Chla和Chlb含量以及SOD和POD活性基本上都显著高于对照组,100.00 mg·L-1Pb-1.00 mg·L-1Cu处理组中幼苗的株高、地上部分鲜质量和干质量以及叶片的SOD和POD活性也均显著高于对照组;而在100.00 mg·L-1Pb-10.00 mg·L-1Cu处理组中幼苗的株高、根长以及地上部分和地下部分的鲜质量和干质量均最低,Chla和Chlb的含量则显著低于对照组.研究结果表明, 50.00 mg·L-1Pb与较高质量浓度Cu(10.00 mg·L-1)复合处理可在一定程度上缓解Pb胁迫对马蔺幼苗的伤害;而100.00 mg·L-1Pb与较低质量浓度Cu(0.10 mg·L-1)复合处理不但能减轻Pb胁迫对马蔺幼苗的伤害,还有一定的刺激生长的作用;但较高质量浓度的Pb-Cu复合胁迫则加剧了对马蔺幼苗的生长和生理代谢的抑制作用.     

盐旱复合胁迫对小麦幼苗生长和水分吸收的影响

为明确盐害、干旱及盐旱复合胁迫对小麦幼苗生长和水分吸收的影响,从而为盐害和干旱胁迫下栽培调控提供理论依据。以2个抗旱性不同的小麦品种(扬麦16和耐旱型洛旱7号)为材料,采用水培试验,以NaCl和PEG模拟盐旱复合胁迫,研究了盐旱复合胁迫下小麦幼苗生长、根系形态、光合特性及水分吸收特性的变化。结果表明,盐、旱及复合胁迫下小麦幼苗的生物量、叶面积、总根长与根系表面积、叶绿素荧光和净光合速率均显著下降,但是复合胁迫处理的降幅却显著低于单一胁迫。盐旱复合胁迫下根系水导速率和根系伤流液强度显著大于单一胁迫,从而提高了小麦幼苗叶片水势和相对含水量。盐胁迫下小麦幼苗Na~+/K~+显著大于复合胁迫,但复合胁迫下ABA含量却显著小于单一的盐害和干旱胁迫。因此,盐旱复合胁迫可以通过增强根系水分吸收及降低根叶中ABA含量以维持较高光合能力,这是盐旱复合胁迫提高小麦适应性的重要原因。洛旱7号和扬麦16对盐及盐旱复合胁迫的响应基本一致,但在干旱胁迫下洛旱7号表现出明显的耐性。     

贵州喀斯特山区野生葡萄实生苗抗旱机理研究

以4份2生年喀斯特山区野生葡萄实生苗为试材,通过塑料大棚盆栽试验研究了自然干旱胁迫下野生葡萄幼苗的外观形态特性和生理指标变化规律,探讨其抗旱性及其抗旱机理.结果表明;(1)4份野生葡萄的抗旱性存在明显差异,以葛藟葡萄'小七孔-3'的抗旱性最强,毛葡萄'天河潭-2'的最差.(2)干旱胁迫期间,'小七孔-3'的1级旱害症状出现时间比'天河潭-2'晚12d,且旱害指数始终小于其他3份种质.(3)抗旱性强的野生葡萄叶片相对含水量、可溶性蛋白含量高于抗旱性差的株系,而其叶片水分饱和亏、细胞膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)含量变化则相反,且材料间差异随着干旱程度的增强而增加;(4)野生葡萄叶片相对含水量与其旱害指数间呈极显著负相关,而其水分饱和亏、相对电导率、丙二醛含量与旱害指数间呈极显著正相关;细胞膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛含量增加是导致葡萄旱害的首要因素.研究发现,在干旱胁迫下,抗旱性强的野生葡萄叶片膜系统稳定,水分散失较少,细胞电解质外渗较低,渗透调节物质可溶性蛋白含量增加,从而维持了正常的生理代谢活动.     

Pb和Cd单一及复合胁迫条件下溪荪(Iris sanguinea)生长及金属离子积累特征分析

采用水培法,对Pb和Cd单一及复合胁迫(500 mg·L-1Pb、25 mg·L-1 Cd、500 mg·L-1pb-25 mg·L-1Cd)条件下溪荪(Iris sanguinea Donn ex Horn.)幼苗不同部分的生长及Pb、Cd、Zn、Cu、K和Na积累状况进行了研究.结果显示:在Pb单一胁迫条件下,溪荪幼苗地下部分干质量较对照降低了18.2％,地上部分干质量和耐性指数均与对照无显著差异;在Cd单一胁迫条件下,地下部分与地上部分的干质量较对照分别降低了16.4％和14.1％,耐性指数降低了7％;在Pb-Cd复合胁迫条件下,溪荪幼苗不同部分的干质量以及耐性指数均与对照无显著差异.在Pb单一及Pb-Cd复合胁迫条件下,幼苗不同部分的Pb含量均明显高于对照,Pb单一胁迫处理组幼苗地上部分和地下部分的Pb含量分别比Pb-Cd复合胁迫处理组高19.8％和16.0％.在Cd单一及Pb-Cd复合胁迫条件下,幼苗不同部分的Cd含量均明显高于对照,Pb-Cd复合胁迫处理组幼苗地上部分和地下部分的Cd含量分别为Cd单一胁迫处理组的2.02和5.74倍.经Pb和Cd单一及复合胁迫后,幼苗不同部分的Zn、Cu和Na含量均明显高于对照,而K含量则低于对照;地上部分的Zn、K和Na含量均高于地下部分,但Cu含量在幼苗不同部分的变化趋势则有所不同.比较结果表明:Pb-Cd复合胁迫对溪荪幼苗的Pb积累有促进作用、对Cd积累有抑制作用,表现出拮抗作用;溪荪对Pb胁迫的耐性相对更强,对Pb和Cd及其他金属元素有一定的积累能力,可用于Pb污染环境尤其是湿地Pb污染环境的修复.     

腐植酸浸种对盐碱胁迫下小麦幼苗抗氧化系统的影响

对龙麦26和克旱16两种不同基因型春小麦品种进行腐植酸浸种处理,研究了腐植酸对盐(NaCl)、碱(Na CO3)两种胁迫下小麦幼苗抗氧化系统的影响.结果表明:盐碱胁迫下小麦幼苗叶片脯氨酸含量增加,膜透性增强,地上部鲜质量降低;盐胁迫下,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性升高,过氧化物酶(POD)活性降低,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性先升后降,而碱胁迫下CAT和POD活性均升高,SOD活性降低;碱胁迫处理的小麦幼苗叶片抗氧化酶系统活性高于同浓度的盐胁迫处理;腐植酸浸种提高了小麦叶片谷胱甘肽含量,提高了SOD和CAT活性,有效缓解了盐碱胁迫对幼苗生长的影响.不同基因型小麦品种在抵御盐碱胁迫的能力和机制上存在一定差异,且与盐离子组成、浓度间存在一定互作,并受浸种方式调控.     

白刺花幼苗对不同强度干旱胁迫的形态与生理响应

为了探讨白刺花 (Sophora davidii (Franch.) Skeels) 幼苗对持续干旱胁迫的适应能力及对策,用盆栽方法人工模拟土壤干旱条件,设置土壤田间持水量 (WHC) 100%、80%、60%、40%和20% 5个干旱胁迫处理,研究了幼苗生长、生物量分配、水分利用效率 (WUE) 、叶形态解剖结构以及光合色素等在不同干旱胁迫强度下的变化特点.结果显示,胁迫处理96d后,100% WHC条件下白刺花幼苗的总叶面积、分枝数、基径及最大根长等均最大;80% WHC对幼苗产生了轻度胁迫,随着干旱胁迫强度的进一步增加,幼苗生长显著减小.干旱胁迫限制了新生叶发生与单叶面积扩展,导致冠层总叶面积减小,从而引起幼苗光合能力及生物量积累均降低.随着胁迫强度的增加,叶生物量所占的比例及叶面积/根生物量的比值都明显减小,而根生物量所占的比例增大,这说明叶生长对干旱胁迫反应比根更加敏感.另外,干旱胁迫下WUE随着生物量与耗水量的减小而降低,表明幼苗具有浪费型水分利用对策.叶绿素 (Chla、Chlb和Chla+b) 及类胡萝卜素含量 (Car) 都随着干旱胁迫增强而呈增大趋势,但Chla/b及 Chl/Ca变化趋势相反.干旱胁迫对叶片解剖结构影响较小,土壤水分减少时仅栅栏组织厚度略有增厚,海绵组织变薄.研究结果证明,60% WHC是幼苗生长、生物量积累、WUE和光捕获复合体活性受到明显抑制的干旱胁迫强度阈值;20% WHC胁迫处理对幼苗产生了严重危害.但是在实验过程中,即使在20%WHC条件下也未出现叶片凋落及幼苗死亡,表明当年生白刺花具有较强的干旱忍受能力,幼苗通过减小地上蒸发面积、增加地下生长及叶绿素含量等多种形态与生理策略适应干旱胁迫.     

盐旱交叉胁迫对柽柳幼苗渗透调节物质含量的影响

以2年生柽柳幼苗为试验材料,采用盆栽模拟试验研究不同盐分和干旱胁迫对其叶片中渗透调节物质的影响,以探讨柽柳幼苗对盐旱交叉胁迫的适应性.结果表明:(1)随盐旱胁迫的不断加剧,幼苗叶片中可溶性糖含量呈先升高后降低的趋势,且中度和重度盐旱胁迫下均显著高于对照(CK).(2)幼苗叶片中脯氨酸含量在不同盐旱胁迫下均呈逐渐上升趋势,但在重度盐分和中度、重度干旱交叉胁迫下显著高于CK.(3)幼苗叶片中Na+、Cl含量在不同干旱胁迫下,随盐胁迫的加剧呈不同的变化规律,盐旱胁迫的各个处理水平下均显著高于CK,而K+、Ca2+、SO42-含量在轻度和重度干旱胁迫下随盐胁迫增强不断降低.(4)在中度盐旱胁迫下,K+、Ca2+含量与CK无明显差异.研究表明,柽柳幼苗中渗透调节物质在其抗旱耐盐性方面具有积极的调节作用;柽柳幼苗在盐旱胁迫下表现出一定的交叉适应性,适度的干旱胁迫能增强柽柳幼苗对盐分胁迫的耐受能力.     

土壤镉污染对大蒜幼苗生长及根系抗氧化系统的影响

通过土培实验研究了镉污染胁迫对大蒜幼苗生长及根系抗氧化系统的影响.结果表明:与对照组比较,土壤低浓度镉对大蒜幼苗生长略有促进作用,单株鲜质量、干质量、根长及地上部分高度略有增加,而根系活力、可溶性蛋白含量、超氧化物坡化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著升高,抗氧化防御酶系统仍保持平衡,表现在膜脂质过氧化产物(MDA)含量与对照组无明显差异;但随着土壤镉浓度的进一步增加,大蒜平均单株鲜质量、干质量、平均最大根长及地上部分高度均显著降低,同时,根系活力和可溶性蛋白含量增幅逐渐减弱,抗氧化防御酶系统平衡受到破坏,根系MDA含量显著上升.大蒜对镉吸收积累主要在根部,而向地上部分转运较少.     

盐分和干旱对沙枣幼苗生理特性的影响

以沙枣(Elaeagnus angustifolia L.)幼苗为实验材料,分别对其进行轻度干旱(土壤含水量7%—9%)、重度干旱(土壤含水量3%—5%)、100 mmol/L NaCl以及100 mmol/L NaCl处理下不同程度的盐旱共胁迫处理,处理2周后测其生理指标,包括生长指标、光合指标、渗透调节指标以及复水后生长指标,研究盐旱共胁迫对沙枣幼苗生理特性的影响。结果表明:和对照相比,轻度干旱对沙枣幼苗的生物量没有显著影响,重度干旱处理明显降低了沙枣的生物量,无论是轻度干旱还是重度干旱,都显著降低了沙枣幼苗的净光合速率、K~+含量,显著增加了Na~+含量、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、有机酸含量、总酚和类黄酮含量;和对照相比,100 mmol/L NaCl处理显著降低了沙枣幼苗的生物量、净光合速率和K~+含量,显著增加了Na~+含量、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、有机酸含量、总酚和类黄酮含量;和盐处理相比,轻度干旱和盐分共胁迫对沙枣幼苗的各项指标没有显著差异,而重度干旱和盐分共胁迫明显降低了沙枣幼苗的生物量、净光合速率;复水一周后,只有轻度干旱可以回复到对照水平。以上结果表明,盐分和干旱处理明显抑制了沙枣幼苗的生长,轻度干旱和盐分共胁迫条件下,沙枣幼苗表现出一定的交叉适应现象,而重度干旱却加重了盐害。     

Effects of varied water regimes on root length,dry matter partitioning and endogenous plant growth regulators in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted to quantify the effect of varied water regimes on root length, partitioning of dry matter and plant growth regulators by using sunflower genotypes differing in maturity and drought tolerance. Significant depressing effect of drought stress was evident on traits (i.e., reproductive dry matter, leaf area index and cytokinin concentrations in leaves). However, root/shoot, reproductive/vegetative ratios and Abscisic acid (ABA) concentration were found to increase under drought stress. Drought stress also changed the dry matter accumulation pattern of genotypes. In most cases it reduced the days to reach the maximum peak showing early senescence.

ABA was identified as a multi-functional plant growth regulator under drought stress, causing early senescence of plants and translocation of assimilates to the roots and reproductive part while root growth under drought stress was explained by the indole-acetic acid (IAA) concentrations. Maintaining higher cytokinin contents were involved in accumulation of higher reproductive dry matter under drought stress. Although ABA and IAA were both involved in the development of defense responses during the adaptation and survival to drought stress but higher productivity under drought stress was only realized through maintaining higher cytokinin contents.     

干旱胁迫对大豆鼓粒期叶片光合能力和根系生长的影响

以晋大70(抗旱型)和晋豆26(敏感型)2个大豆品种为材料,采用盆栽方法,在鼓粒期设置充分供水、轻度干旱和重度干旱3种水分处理,研究了干旱胁迫对大豆鼓粒期叶片光合能力和根系生长的影响.结果表明： 随着干旱程度加剧,2个品种的叶面积、叶绿素含量、净光合速率、叶片气孔导度、蒸腾速率、胞间CO₂浓度、株质量、株高、籽粒产量和收获指数均降低;根长和根质量在轻度干旱胁迫下增加,在重度干旱胁迫下减少;根冠比随干旱程度加剧而升高.重度干旱胁迫下,抗旱型品种晋大70根冠比的增幅达到135.7%,大于敏感型品种晋豆26根冠比的增幅(116.7%),晋大70的叶面积和叶绿素含量分别为对照的69.3%和85.5%,均优于晋豆26,晋大70的气孔导度和净光合速率分别下降了67.9%和77.9%,降幅均小于晋豆26,晋大70的收获指数的降幅为43.8%,小于晋豆26 (78.8%).不同干旱处理下,2个品种的叶面积、叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、胞间CO₂浓度两两之间均呈显著正相关;株质量、株高、根长、根质量、籽粒产量、收获指数两两之间均呈显著正相关;根冠比与根质量呈显著正相关,而与其他5个指标呈显著负相关.     

Biochar and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mediated enhanced drought tolerance in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) plant growth,root morphological traits and physiological properties

Drought is a major abiotic factor limiting plant growth and crop production. There is limited information on effect of interaction between biochar and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on okra growth, root morphological traits and soil enzyme activities under drought stress. We studied the influence of biochar and AMF on the growth of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in pot experiments in a net house under drought condition. The results showed that the biochar treatment significantly increased plant growth (the plant height by 14.2%, root dry weight by 30.0%) and root morphological traits (projected area by 22.3% and root diameter by 22.7%) under drought stress. In drought stress, biochar treatment significantly enhanced the chlorophyll ‘a’ content by 32.7%, the AMF spore number by 22.8% and the microbial biomass as compared to the control. Plant growth parameters such as plant height, shoot and root dry weights significantly increased by AMF alone, by 16.6%, 21.0% and 40.0% respectively under drought condition. Other plant biometrics viz: the total root length, the root volume, the projected area and root diameter improved significantly with the application of AMF alone by 38.3%, 60.0%,16.8% and 15.9% respectively as compared with control. Compared to the control, AMF treatment alone significantly enhanced the total chlorophyll content by 36.6%, the AMF spore number by 39.0% and the microbial biomass by 29.0% under drought condition. However, the highest values of plant growth parameters (plant height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight) and root morphological traits (the total root length, root volume, projected area, root surface area) were observed in the combined treatment of biochar and AMF treatment viz: 31.9%, 34.2%, 60.0% and 68.6%, 66.6%, 45.5%, 41.8%, respectively compared to the control under drought stress. The nitrogen content, total chlorophyll content and microbial biomass increased over un-inoculated control. The soil enzymes; alkaline phosphatase, dehydrogenase and fluorescein diacetate enzyme activities significantly increased in the combined treatment by 55.8%, 68.7% and 69.5%, respectively as compared to the control under drought stress. We conclude that biochar and AMF together is potentially beneficial for cultivation of okra in drought stress conditions.     

东乡野生稻回交重组系的抗旱性评价体系

选用协青早B//东乡野生稻/协青早B回交重组系及其亲本共79份水稻材料,研究了水稻发芽期、苗期、孕穗期、成熟期的种子萌发抗旱指数等31个指标与东乡野生稻回交重组系抗旱性的关系.结果表明:15％ PEG-6000溶液处理的相对发芽势、20％ PEG-6000溶液处理的种子萌发抗旱指数和相对发芽势及水分胁迫后最长根长、苗高、根鲜质量、根干质量、根系相对含水量、萎蔫率、叶片可溶性糖含量、叶片脯氨酸含量、叶片丙二醛含量、叶片相对含水量、卷叶级别、株高、单株分蘖数、单株有效穗数、穗实粒数、着粒密度、结实率、千粒重等21个指标的相对值与抗旱系数或抗旱指数的相关性显著.通过逐步回归分析筛选出9个抗旱性鉴定指标:20％ PEG-6000溶液处理的相对发芽势及水分胁迫后根干质量、根系相对含水量、叶片可溶性糖含量、叶片脯氨酸含量、叶片丙二醛含量、单株有效穗、结实率和千粒重的相对值.根据这些指标和偏相关系数,建立了不同时期的抗旱性评价(D值)方程和评价体系,可对东乡野生稻回交重组系抗旱性进行较好的评价.     

薏苡种质资源萌发期抗旱性鉴定及抗旱指标筛选

干旱是影响薏苡生产的主要因素之一,鉴定薏苡种质资源的抗旱性,筛选抗旱指标,培育抗旱品种,对薏苡产业的发展具有重要意义。本研究首先以抗旱性不同的6份薏苡种质为材料,通过调查5个不同浓度的PEG-6000水溶液模拟干旱胁迫下的发芽率,确定了薏苡萌发期模拟干旱胁迫的最适PEG-6000水溶液渗透势为-0.1 MPa。然后以-0.1 MPa的PEG-6000水溶液模拟干旱胁迫,探讨50份薏苡种质发芽势、发芽率、萌发指数、芽长、芽粗、芽鲜重、芽干重、根长、根粗、根鲜重和根干重的变化,利用综合评价法对50份薏苡种质进行萌发期抗旱性鉴定及抗旱指标筛选。结果表明,干旱胁迫对薏苡萌发期各指标均有极显著影响。筛选出萌发期抗旱性强的薏苡种质分别为yy18-1、yy14-3和yy13-1,可为薏苡抗旱育种、抗旱机理及干旱调控缓解机制的研究提供基础材料。芽长、芽干重、根长、根鲜重和根干重可作为薏苡种质资源萌发期简单、直观的抗旱性评价指标。     

干旱和复水对文冠果生长及生理生态特性的影响

以文冠果2年生盆栽苗为材料,以21.8%～23.7%土壤含水量为对照,设置轻度干旱(14.3%～16.2%)、中度干旱(10.6%～12.5%)和重度干旱(6.8%～8.7%)3个干旱胁迫,研究干旱和复水对文冠果生长及生理生态特性的影响.结果表明: 随着干旱胁迫的加剧,文冠果单株干质量、株高、基径、叶数和叶面积减小,主根和一级侧根长度增加;文冠果叶片气体交换各参数均逐渐降低,在10:00-14:00,净光合速率(P_n)的大小主要受气孔因素影响,14:00以后影响P_n的主要因素是非气孔因素;中度干旱和重度干旱胁迫下,文冠果对CO₂利用效率显著提高.随着干旱胁迫的加剧,PSⅡ潜在活性(F_v/F_o)、PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(F_v/F_m)、光化学猝灭系数(q_P)、表观电子传递效率(ETR)和实际光化学量子产量(Ф_PSⅡ)逐渐减小,非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)逐渐增大,复水后变化相反.复水后第8天,F_v/F_o、F_v/F_m、q_P、ETR、Ф_PSⅡ显著高于各胁迫处理第30天.随着干旱胁迫的加剧,超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性升高,过氧化氢酶活性降低,丙二醛含量增加,复水后变化相反.复水后各干旱胁迫处理根系活力明显升高.文冠果有极强的适应极度干旱环境的能力,可以作为能源或园林植物在华北园林绿化中广泛应用.     

Changes in Germination and Seedling Traits of Sesame under Simulated Drought

Drought is considered one of the leading abiotic constraints to agricultural crop production globally. Present study was conducted to assess the effects of different drought treatments (viz. Control, 10% PEG, and 20% PEG) on seed germination, germination indices, seedling traits, and drought tolerance indices of sesame. Our results showed that maximum reduction in the studied parameters was observed at higher PEG concentration (i.e., 20% PEG). As compared to control, the drought treatments viz. 10% and 20% PEG decreased the values for germination indices, such as germination percentage, coefficient of variation of germination time, germination index, and seedling vigor index. Similarly, for seedling traits, the values were decreased for root length, shoot length, root shoot ratio, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight and shoot dry weight under 10% and 20% PEG treatments significantly in comparison with control. Furthermore, relative to control, the values for drought tolerance indices, such as germination drought tolerance index, root length drought tolerance index, shoot length drought tolerance index, total seedling length drought tolerance index, root fresh weight drought tolerance index, shoot fresh weight drought tolerance index, total fresh weight drought tolerance index, root dry weight drought tolerance index, shoot dry weight drought tolerance index and total dry weight drought tolerance index were also reduced under 10% and 20% PEG treatments, respectively. Our results confirms that drought impact on seed germination and seedling traits could be quantified by using different indices which can further help to design drought adaptation and mitigation strategies. Based on these results it can be concluded that germination indices, seedling traits, and drought tolerance indices have great potential to simulate drought stress impacts on different crop traits thus they should be used in all kinds of stress related studies.     

不同红小豆品种幼苗对干旱胁迫的生理响应

为筛选红小豆（Phaseolus angularis Linn.）幼苗抗旱性鉴定指标,采用盆栽控水方法,对红小豆3个品种‘保红947’、‘东北大红袍’、‘晋小豆5号’进行了苗期形态特征及根系生理生化特性的研究。结果表明：干旱胁迫抑制了红小豆3个品种植株的生长;重度干旱胁迫下,3个品种光系统Ⅱ（PSⅡ）的潜在活性（可变荧光/初始荧光,Fv/Fo）、最大光化学效率（可变荧光/最大荧光产量,Fv/Fm）、株高、叶面积、茎粗、根鲜重、根系活力、可溶性蛋白质含量等指标均随干旱胁迫强度的增加呈明显下降趋势,根冠比、根系脯氨酸（Pro）含量、可溶性糖含量、SOD活性、POD活性、MDA含量等指标随着干旱胁迫强度的增加呈明显上升趋势。综合各项生理指标,‘东北大红袍’在干旱胁迫下能保持相对较优的生理状态,抗旱性最强。通过主成分分析表明,株高、叶面积、茎粗、主根长、根鲜重、最大光化学效率、根系活力、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、SOD活性、MDA含量等生理生化特性可作为鉴定红小豆苗期抗旱性的指标。     

转拟南芥P5CS1基因增强羽衣甘蓝的耐旱性

为提高羽衣甘蓝的耐旱性,本文将拟南芥Δ1-吡咯啉-5-羧酸合成酶（P5CS1）基因经农杆菌介导转入羽衣甘蓝植株中,检测转基因株系与野生型植株在干旱胁迫下P5CS1 mRNA表达量、幼苗脯氨酸含量、株系根系性状、整株干重、鲜重和整株存活率。结果表明,在15%PEG6000渗透胁迫下,转基因植株的P5CS1基因mRNA表达量明显增加,转基因植株脯氨酸含量是野生型的2.4倍;主根长、最长侧根长、侧根数目、整株干重和鲜重均高于野生型,干重/鲜重则低于野生型,转基因植株的平均存活率为78%,极显著高于野生型。数据显示,AtP5CS1基因在羽衣甘蓝中的表达明显改善了转基因植株的耐旱性。     

Effect of Drought Stress on Certain Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of a Resistant and a Sensitive Canola Cultivar

Water stress is one of the main abiotic factors that reduces plant growth, mainly due to high evaporative demand and low water availability. In order to evaluate the effects of drought stress on certain morphological and physiological characteristics of two canola cultivars, we conducted a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design. The findings show that drought stress exacerbations result in the plant's response to stress due to increased canola resistance caused by changes in plant pigments, proline, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde, glucose, galactose, rhamnose and xylose. These in turn ultimately influence the morphological characteristics of canola. Drought stress reduces the concentration of carotenoids, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophylls; however, glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, proline, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde (in leaves and roots) and the chlorophyll a and b ratios were increased. Reduction of plant height, stem height, root length, fresh and dry weight of canola treated with 300 g/l PEG compared to non‐treatment were 0.264, 0.236, 0.394, 0.183 and 0.395, respectively. From the two canola cultivars, the morphological characteristics of the NIMA increased compared to the Ks7 cultivar. Interaction effects of cultivar and drought stress showed that NIMA cultivar without treatment had the highest number of morphological characteristics such as carotenoid concentration, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophylls a and b, whereas the cultivar with 300 g/l PEG (drought stress) had the highest amount of proline, malondialdehyde, soluble sugars and enzymes in leaves and roots. Increasing activity of oxidative enzymes and soluble sugars in canola under drought stress could be a sign of their relative tolerance to drought stress.