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1.
利用GIS和RS确定长白山自然保护区森林景观分布的环境范围   总被引:15,自引:3,他引:15  
在对遥感数据进行景观分类和对环境因子进行空间表达基础上,在地理信息系统的支持下,确定长白山自然保护区森林景观分布的环境(包括年均温、年降水量、坡度和坡向)范围.结果表明。从苔原、岳桦、云冷杉到阔叶红松林,最适海拔高度范围依次为1780-2212、1705-1956、1042-1625、823-1184m;最适温度范围分别为-4.75~-2.40℃、-3.42~-2.07℃、-1.49-1.39℃、0.71-2.37℃;最适降水范围分别为1034~1110、1014-1060、883-1017、824-925mm;长白山自然保护区的森林景观主要分布在平、缓坡地上,并与坡向关系密切。苔原在各个坡向上均有分布。且在各个坡向上分布面积的变化不大;岳样、云冷杉林、阔叶红松林、山杨白样林主要呈现北、西北向分布,其次为东北、西向分布;落叶松林主要为东北向分布。其次为东和北向分布;疏林主要为西向分布,其次为西南、西北和南向分布;风倒区主要为西、西南、西北向分布。  相似文献   

2.
水分胁迫下植物叶片光合的气孔和非气孔限制   总被引:112,自引:1,他引:112  
评述了水分胁迫下植物叶片光合的气孔和非气限制研究的进展,提出了一个判别水分胁迫下气孔和非气孔限制的方法。  相似文献   

3.
研究了水分胁迫下不同花生抗旱品种叶片气孔开度和相对含水量变化,分析TAhNCEDI基因和AhNCED1蛋白进行表达情况,发现水分胁迫下,叶片相对含水量下降,叶片气孔开度降低,叶片AhNCED1基因和AhNCED1蛋白表达增强。抗旱品种较之敏旱品种在响应水分胁迫初期时(1h)AhNCED1基因和AhNCED1蛋白表达较强,叶片气孔开度下降较快,引发气孔关闭,其叶片相对含水量较高,保水能力较强。ABA合成抑制剂naproxen处理后,叶片AhNCED1基因和AhNCED1蛋白的表达减弱,气孔开度快速增加,水分胁迫下花生叶片AhNCED1蛋白表达可能影响气孔开闭。  相似文献   

4.
采用聚乙二醇(PEG 6000)溶液控制番茄根际水势和叶片离体的方式设置了水分胁迫处理,测算了光合诱导过程中净光合速率、暗呼吸速率和CO2补偿点等光合参数的变化.结果表明: 在1000 μmol·m-2·s-1光诱导下,水分胁迫处理的番茄叶片净光合速率(Pn)达到最大值所需时间缩短为对照的1/3,气孔导度(gs)快速增大为对照的1.5倍.水分胁迫处理的番茄叶片光饱和点(LSP)比对照降低了65%~85%,而光补偿点(LCP)比对照增加了75%~100%,缩小了番茄叶片利用光能的有效范围.水分胁迫处理的番茄叶片最大光合能力(Amax)低于对照40%以上,暗呼吸速率(Rd)增大了约45%.可见,快速水分胁迫处理使番茄叶片气孔迅速开放,光合诱导初始阶段消失.水分胁迫导致植物利用光能的效率和潜力降低是植物生产力下降的重要原因,而气孔调节是番茄适应快速水分胁迫的重要生理机制.  相似文献   

5.
番茄叶片光合作用对快速水分胁迫的响应   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
采用聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)溶液控制番茄根际水势和叶片离体的方式设置了水分胁迫处理,测算了光合诱导过程中净光合速率、暗呼吸速率和CO2补偿点等光合参数的变化.结果表明:在1000μmol·m-2·s-1光诱导下,水分胁迫处理的番茄叶片净光合速率(Pn)达到最大值所需时间缩短为对照的1/3,气孔导度(gs)快速增大为对照的1.5倍.水分胁迫处理的番茄叶片光饱和点(LSP)比对照降低了65%~85%,而光补偿点(LCP)比对照增加了75% ~100%,缩小了番茄叶片利用光能的有效范围.水分胁迫处理的番茄叶片最大光合能力(Amax)低于对照40%以上,暗呼吸速率(Rd)增大了约45%.可见,快速水分胁迫处理使番茄叶片气孔迅速开放,光合诱导初始阶段消失.水分胁迫导致植物利用光能的效率和潜力降低是植物生产力下降的重要原因,而气孔调节是番茄适应快速水分胁迫的重要生理机制.  相似文献   

6.
大豆光合速率和气孔导度对水分胁迫的响应   总被引:31,自引:0,他引:31  
土壤水分胁迫使两个供试大豆品种(系)光合速率和气孔导度降低,“鲁豆四号”降低的幅度大于小粒大豆品系“7605”。在相同的叶水势下,“7605”的光合速率和气孔导度均高于“鲁豆四号”,但“7605”气孔随水势下降而关闭的速率大于“鲁豆四号”。水分胁迫使叶片温度升高,“7605”比“鲁豆四号”升温较快,但在同一水分处理中,“鲁豆四号”的叶温高于“7605”。水分胁迫降低了大豆的水分利用效率,且“鲁豆四号”降低的速率大于“7605”。结果表明,“7605”对水分胁迫具有较好的适应能力。  相似文献   

7.
水分胁迫对冬小麦叶片CO2/H2O交换参数的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Changes of CO2/H2O exchange parameters were continually measuredin winter wheat under different water stress stages.The results showed that photosynthesis rate and transpiration rate of winter wheat in water stress conditions were obviously lower than that in non-stress conditions.After water stress,both of them slowly increased and even overtook that on sufficient irrigation treatment. Responses of winter wheat to water stress in different growth stages were different.To some extent, water stress can improve crop water use efficiency,speed up the process of milking.Under water stress condition,stomatal conductance limited diurnal changes of photosynthesis and transpiration in the morning but not in the afternoon.Transpiration is more sensitive to water stress than photosynthesis.  相似文献   

8.
水分胁迫对春小麦苗期叶肉细胞和气孔数的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
利用显微摄像系统与离析法对甘肃陇中6个品种春小麦不同水分状况下苗期的叶肉细胞和叶片气孔数目进行观测,发现不同环数叶肉细胞占总人细胞的百分比在不同水分胁迫下和不同品种间均未表现出显著差异。随胁迫强度的增大,各品种不同叶肉细胞的宽试和高度都由分散分布向某一值集中,且在同一水分状况下,不同环数叶肉细胞随品种的变化趋势几乎一致。叶片上、下表皮(即为近、远轴叶表皮,下同)气孔数在不同水分胁迫下的变化不同,但  相似文献   

9.
水分胁迫下烟草光合作用的气孔与非气孔限制   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
快速水分胁迫处理时,处于中度水分胁迫(Ψ_w=-1.54MPa)的烟草叶肉活性、叶绿体放氧能力及光合暗反应受到的影响很小;处于严重水分胁迫(Ψ_w=-1.84MPa)的RuBPCase,FBPase及果糖二磷酸醛缩酶活性明显降低,叶肉活性和叶绿体放氧能力受到强烈的抑制。  相似文献   

10.
烤烟旺长期气孔和非气孔限制对水分胁迫的反应   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
烤烟NC89、LJ851、LJ911在旺长期生长迅速,耗水量大。烟株生长的最适宜土壤相对含水量应保持在75%~85%,此土壤水分条件下的中午光合速率的下降是气孔限制所致。当土壤相对含水量低于75%,光合非气孔限制因素开始出现。当土壤相对含水量低于65%时,非气孔限制逐渐成为光合下降主导因子,并可能导致光合器官受到损伤。  相似文献   

11.
以拟南芥为材料,利用药理学实验,结合分光光度法和激光共聚焦显微技术,研究了Ca2+在硫化氢(H2S)诱导拟南芥气孔关闭过程中的作用及其与过氧化氢(H2O2)的关系。结果表明: H2S诱导气孔关闭, Ca2+螯合剂EGTA和质膜Ca2+通道阻断剂硝苯地平(Nif)能不同程度抑制H2S诱导的气孔关闭,而内质网钙泵阻断剂毒胡萝卜素(Thaps)对H2S的作用无显著影响。由此推测, Ca2+参与调节H2S诱导的拟南芥气孔关闭过程,且胞质中Ca2+来源于胞外Ca2+的内流。另外, H2S诱导拟南芥叶片NADPH氧化酶基因AtRBOHD和AtRBOHF以及细胞壁过氧化物酶基因AtPRX34表达增强,促进叶片和保卫细胞中H2O2积累, EGTA对此起抑制作用,而外源CaCl2处理上调AtRBOHD、AtRBOHF和AtPRX34的表达。表明Ca2+可能位于H2O2上游参与H2S诱导的拟南芥气孔关闭过程。  相似文献   

12.
13.
  总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
  • 1 Carbon dioxide and water vapour fluxes were measured for 55 days by eddy covariance over an undisturbed tropical rain forest in Rondonia, Brazil. Profiles of CO2 inside the canopy were also measured.
  • 2 During the night, CO2 concentration frequently built up to 500 ppm throughout the canopy as a result of low rates of exchange with the atmosphere. In the early morning hours, ventilation of the canopy occurred.
  • 3 Ecosystem gas exchange was calculated from a knowledge of fluxes above the canopy and changes of CO2 stored inside the canopy. Typically, uptake by the canopy was 15 μmol m?2 s?1 in bright sunlight and dark respiration was 6-7 μmol m?2 s?1 The quantum requirement at low irradiance was: 40 mol photons per mol of CO2.
  • 4 Bulk stomatal conductance of the ecosystem was maximal in the early morning (0.4-1.0 mol m?2 s?1) and declined over the course of the day as leaf-to-air vapour pressure difference increased.
  相似文献   

14.
    
  相似文献   

15.
水分胁迫对冬小麦叶片CO_2/H_2O交换参数的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
水资源严重匮乏已成为华北平原农业可持续发展的主要障碍因素 [1] ,提高有限水资源的利用效率显得十分重要。以前的研究主要注重农田水平作物与水分的关系 [2 ,4 ] ,利用作物生物学进行节水研究不够 [3,4 ] 。Roa等人认为作物适度的水分亏缺可获得高产 [15] ;Jensen等人认为适度水分胁迫甚至能使作物水分利用效率显著提高 [5,6] ,依此发展了调亏灌溉思想 ,对有限水量在作物生育期内时空最优分配制度进行研究 ,目前已为世界各国广泛关注 [6] 。作物 CO2 /H2 O交换参数包括光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率等 ,这些是确定作物水分高效利用…  相似文献   

16.
    
Temperature‐dependent tulip petal opening and closing movement was previously suggested to be regulated by reversible phosphorylation of a plasma membrane aquaporin ( Azad et al., 2004a ). Stomatal apertures of petals were investigated during petal opening at 20°C and closing at 5°C. In completely open petals, the proportion of open stomata in outer and inner surfaces of the same petal was 27 ± 6% and 65 ± 3%, respectively. During the course of petal closing, stomatal apertures in both surfaces reversed, and in completely closed petals, the proportion of open stomata in outer and inner surfaces of the same petal was 74 ± 3% and 29 ± 6%, respectively, indicating an inverse relationship between stomatal aperture in outer and inner surfaces of the petal during petal opening and closing. Both petal opening and stomatal closure in the outer surface of the petal was inhibited by a Ca2+ channel blocker and a Ca2+ chelator, whereas the inner surface stomata remained unaffected. On the other hand, sodium nitroprusside, a nitric oxide donor, had no effect on stomatal aperture of the outer surface but influenced the inner surface stomatal aperture during petal opening and closing, suggesting different signalling pathways for regulation of temperature‐dependent stomatal changes in the two surfaces of tulip petals. Stomata were found to be differentially distributed in the bottom, middle and upper parts of tulip petals. During petal closing, water transpiration was observed by measuring the loss of 3H2O. Transpiration of 3H2O by petals was fivefold greater in the first 10 min than that found after 30 min, and the transpiration rate was shown to be associated with stomatal distribution and aperture. Thus, the stomata of outer and inner surfaces of the petal are involved in the accumulation and transpiration of water during petal opening.  相似文献   

17.
实验运用离体培养的大鼠海马神经细胞,观察了过氧化氢对海马神经细胞的损伤效应及甘丙肽(GAL)对氧化应激过程中海马神经细胞的保护作用。结果显示,过氧化氢对海马神经细胞具有明显的剂量相关毒性效应。甘丙肽以及甘丙肽非特异性受体激动剂GAL1-11和甘丙肽受体2 (GalR-2)特异性激动剂GAL2-11能显著减少海马神经细胞在氧化应激过程中的损伤反应,这种效应可被GAL非特异性受体阻断剂M35阻断。实验提示GAL对氧化应激导致的海马神经细胞损伤具有保护作用,这种作用很有可能是由GalR-2受体介导。  相似文献   

18.
19.
Organic solvents strip water off enzymes   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
Exchange of enzyme-bound H(2)O with T(2)O in aqueous solution followed by freeze drying provided tritiated water bound to chymotrypsin, subtilisin Carlsberg, and horseradish peroxidase. The desorption of T(2)O from these enzymes suspended in various organic solvents showed that all three enzymes lost enzyme-bound water with peroxidase losing the most T(2)O of the three in solvents of moderate to high polarity. Polar solvent resulted in the highest degree of T(2)O desorption (e.g., methanol desorbed from 56%-62% of the bound T(2)O), while nonpolar solvents resulted in the lowest degree of desorption (e.g., hexane desorbed from 0.4%-2% of the bound T(2)O). Desorption is nearly immediate with most of the desorbable T(2)O being released from the enzymes within the first 5 min. Both solvent dielectric and a measure of the saturated molar solubility of water in a given solvent provide accurate correlations between the properties of the organic solvents and the extent of T(2)O desorption. This investigation shows that water stripping from an enzyme into a nonaqueous medium does occur and can be significant in polar solvents.  相似文献   

20.
小麦与叶锈菌互作过程中的H2O2与HR   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以小麦品种洛夫林10为材料,与叶锈菌生理小种165和260分别组成亲和组合和不亲和组合.以荧光探针DCFHDA标记H2O2的变化,并借助荧光显微镜原位地直观显现了叶锈菌侵染过程中小麦叶片中H2O2的动态变化.结果表明,亲和组合中H2O2爆发表现为单峰曲线,峰值出现在接种后12h;不亲和组合中表现为双峰曲线.峰值分别出现在接种后12h和20h,第二个峰比第一个高约一倍,且不亲和组合中H2O2爆发的强度远远大于亲和组合.另外,通过药理学试验,采用活体注射法对小麦叶片在接种叶锈菌小种260之前分别预注射抗氧化药物AsA、DTT以及NADPH氧化酶抑制剂DPI和咪唑.观察这些药物对不亲和组合中寄主叶片产生的H2O2和HR的影响.结果表明,抗氧化药物和NADPH氧化酶抑制剂均使寄主叶片中H2O2爆发的强度降低,表现在两个H2O2峰均受到抑制,其中第二个峰受抑制的程度更明显,同时寄主细胞发生HR的面积减小.  相似文献   

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