Regulation of RAB5C Is Important for the Growth Inhibitory Effects of MiR-509 in Human Precursor-B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

MicroRNAs (miRs) regulate essentially all cellular processes, but few miRs are known to inhibit growth of precursor-B acute lymphoblastic leukemias (B-ALLs). We identified miR-509 via a human genome-wide gain-of-function screen for miRs that inhibit growth of the NALM6 human B-ALL cell line. MiR-509-mediated inhibition of NALM6 growth was confirmed by 3 independent assays. Enforced miR-509 expression inhibited 2 of 2 additional B-ALL cell lines tested, but not 3 non-B-ALL leukemia cell lines. MiR-509-transduced NALM6 cells had reduced numbers of actively proliferating cells and increased numbers of cells undergoing apoptosis. Using miR target prediction algorithms and a filtering strategy, RAB5C was predicted as a potentially relevant target of miR-509. Enforced miR-509 expression in NALM6 cells reduced RAB5C mRNA and protein levels, and RAB5C was demonstrated to be a direct target of miR-509. Knockdown of RAB5C in NALM6 cells recapitulated the growth inhibitory effects of miR-509. Co-expression of the RAB5C open reading frame without its 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) blocked the growth-inhibitory effect mediated by miR-509. These findings establish RAB5C as a target of miR-509 and an important regulator of B-ALL cell growth with potential as a therapeutic target.     

MicroRNA-145 suppresses mouse granulosa cell proliferation by targeting activin receptor IB

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of 21- to 25-nucleotide non-coding RNAs, some of which are important gene regulators involved in folliculogenesis. In this study, we used CCK-8, real-time PCR and Western blot assays to demonstrate that miR-145 inhibits mouse granulosa cell (mGC) proliferation. Combined with the results of luciferase reporter assays that studied the 3′-untranslated region of ACVRIB mRNA, these assays identified ACVRIB as a direct target of miR-145. The ectopic expression of miR-145 reduced the levels of both ACVRIB mRNA and protein and also interfered with activin-induced Smad2 phosphorylation. Altogether, this study revealed that miR-145 suppresses mGC proliferation by targeting ACVRIB.     

Immunofluorescence-based screening identifies germ cell associated microRNA 302 as an antagonist to p63 expression

The tumor suppressor homologue p63 is required for proper skin and limb development, but specific isoforms of it also act as a “guardian of the germline." To gain insight into the regulation of p63 expression, we performed immunofluorescence-based screening assays. Using a large collection of microRNA expression plasmids, we identified microRNAs of the 302 cluster as potent suppressors of p63 accumulation in various cell species. MiR-302 reduces p63 protein and mRNA levels through two target sites within the p63 3’ untranslated region. In testicular cancer cells, endogenous miR-302 contributes to the suppression of p63. MiR-302 might also contribute to the elimination of p63 in mature oocytes. Thus, miR-302 appears as part of a stringent regulatory mechanism for p63 in germ cells, reminiscent of the tight control for p53 levels in somatic cells.     

Downregulation of lysyl oxidase-like 4 LOXL4 by miR-135a-5p promotes lung cancer progression in vitro and in vivo

Aberrant microRNAs are widely identified in multiple cancers, including lung cancer. miR-135a-5p can function as a significant tumor regulator in diverse cancers via impacting multiple genes in oncogenic pathways. Nevertheless, the biological role of miR-135a-5p in lung cancer is poorly known. Here, we investigated its function in lung cancer. As exhibited, miR-135a-5p was elevated in lung cancer cells in contrast to BEAS-2B cells. Then, we inhibited miR-135a-5p expression by transfecting LV-anti-miR-135a-5p into lung cancer cells. As displayed, miR-135a-5p was obviously reduced in A549 and H1299 cells. Knockdown of miR-135a-5p repressed lung cancer cell growth and cell proliferation. Meanwhile, cell colony formation capacity was depressed, cell apoptosis was enhanced and cell cycle progression was blocked in G1 phase by inhibition of miR-135a-5p in vitro. Additionally, the migration and invasion of A549 and H1299 cells was strongly depressed by LV-anti-miR-135a-5p. For another, by using informatics analysis, lysyl oxidase-like 4 (LOXL4) was speculated as the downstream target of miR-135a-5p. We validated their direct correlation and moreover, overexpression of miR-135a-5p restrained LOXL4 levels in lung cancer cells. Subsequently, we proved that miR-135a-5p promoted lung cancer development via targeting LOXL4 by carrying out the in vivo assays. Taken these together, our study revealed miR-135a-5p might be indicated as a perspective for lung cancer via targeting LOXL4.     

RP4 通过miR-183-5p.1上调FOXO1抑制乳腺癌细胞增殖

近年来,越来越多的证据表明,长非编码RNAs在肿瘤发生发展中发挥重要作用。位于12号染色体的长非编码RNA RP4-816N1.7（简称RP4）在乳腺癌细胞中的作用未见报道。我们通过实时荧光定量PCR证实,RP4在乳腺癌细胞中的表达量普遍低于其在正常乳腺上皮细胞MCF-10A中的表达量。RP4在MCF-7和MDA-MB-231中表达量分别比其在MCF-10A中的表达量下调21.57%和91.33%。过表达RP4可明显抑制乳腺癌细胞增殖。敲低RP4可显著增加乳腺癌细胞的增殖能力。生物信息学预测,RP4可能与miR-183-5p.1结合,且叉头蛋白O1(FOXO1)可能是miR-183-5p.1的潜在靶标。实时荧光定量PCR结果提示,RP4可下调miR-183-5p.1,而miR-183-5p.1也可下调RP4和FOXO1的表达。双荧光素酶报告基因结果证实,miR-183-5p.1可与RP4结合,下调其表达,也能与FOXO1 3′UTR结合,抑制其mRNA和蛋白质水平的表达量。最后,本文通过BrdU实验证实,RP4通过FOXO1抑制乳腺癌细胞的增殖。总之,RP4通过内源性结合miR-183-5p.1,上调FOXO1表达,进而抑制乳腺癌细胞增殖。     

The putative tumor suppressor microRNA-497 modulates gastric cancer cell proliferation and invasion by repressing eIF4E

Accumulating evidence has shown that microRNAs are involved in multiple processes in gastric cancer (GC) development and progression. Aberrant expression of miR-497 has been frequently reported in cancer studies; however, the role and mechanism of its function in GC remains unknown. Here, we reported that miR-497 was frequently downregulated in GC tissues and associated with aggressive clinicopathological features of GC patients. Further in vitro observations showed that the enforced expression of miR-497 inhibited cell proliferation by blocking the G1/S transition and decreased the invasion of GC cells, implying that miR-497 functions as a tumor suppressor in the progression of GC. In vivo study indicated that restoration of miR-497 inhibited tumor growth and metastasis. Luciferase assays revealed that miR-497 inhibited eIF4E expression by targeting the binding sites in the 3′-untranslated region of eIF4E mRNA. qRT-PCR and Western blot assays verified that miR-497 reduced eIF4E expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. A reverse correlation between miR-497 and eIF4E expression was noted in GC tissues. Taken together, our results identify a crucial tumor suppressive role of miR-497 in the progression of GC and suggest that miR-497 might be an anticancer therapeutic target for GC patients.     

Regulation of Expression of Deoxyhypusine Hydroxylase (DOHH), the Enzyme That Catalyzes the Activation of eIF5A,by miR-331-3p and miR-642-5p in Prostate Cancer Cells

The enzyme deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH) catalyzes the activation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF5A), a protein essential for cell growth. Using bioinformatic predictions and reporter gene assays, we have identified a 182-nt element within the DOHH 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) that contains a number of target sites for miR-331-3p and miR-642-5p. Quantitative RT-PCR studies demonstrated overexpression of DOHH mRNA and underexpression of miR-331-3p and miR-642-5p in several prostate cancer cell lines compared with normal prostate epithelial cells. Transient overexpression of miR-331-3p and/or miR-642-5p in DU145 prostate cancer cells reduced DOHH mRNA and protein expression and inhibited cell proliferation. We observed synergistic growth inhibition with the combination of miR-331-3p and miR-642-5p and mimosine, a pharmacological DOHH inhibitor. Finally, we identified a significant inverse relationship between the expression of miR-331-3p or miR-642-5p and DOHH in a cohort of human prostate cancer tissues. Our results suggest a novel role for miR-331-3p and miR-642-5p in the control of prostate cancer cell growth via the regulation of DOHH expression and eIF5A activity.     

The microRNA-302-367 cluster suppresses the proliferation of cervical carcinoma cells through the novel target AKT1

The miR-302-367 cluster is specifically expressed in human embryonic stem cells and has been shown to convert human somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells. Here, we investigated the role of the miR-302-367 cluster in cervical carcinoma. The cluster was not endogenously expressed in cervical cancer cells, and its ectopic expression did not reprogram the cervical cancer cells to an embryonic stem cell-like state. However, ectopic expression of the miR-302-367 cluster in HeLa and SiHa cervical cancer cells inhibited cell proliferation and tumor formation by blocking the G1/S cell cycle transition. We identified a new cell cycle regulatory pathway in which the miR-302-367 cluster directly down-regulated both cyclin D1 and AKT1 and indirectly up-regulated p27^Kip1 and p21^Cip1, leading to the suppression of cervical cancer cell proliferation. Our findings suggest that the miR-302-367 cluster may be used as a therapeutic reagent for the treatment of cervical carcinoma.     

MicroRNA-490-5p inhibits proliferation of bladder cancer by targeting c-Fos

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-protein-coding sequences that play a crucial role in tumorigenesis by negatively regulating gene expression. Here, we found that miR-490-5p is down-regulated in human bladder cancer tissue and cell lines compared to normal adjacent tissue and a non-malignant cell line. To better characterize the function of miR-490-5p in bladder cancer, we over-expressed miR-490-5p in bladder cancer cell lines with chemically synthesized mimics. Enforced expression of miR-490-5p in bladder cancer cells significantly inhibited the cell proliferation via G1-phase arrest. Further studies found the decreased c-Fos expression at both mRNA and protein levels and Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that c-Fos is a direct target of miR-490-5p in bladder cancer. These findings indicate miR-490-5p to be a novel tumor suppressor of bladder cancer cell proliferation through targeting c-Fos.     

miR-424-5p regulates apoptosis and cell proliferation via targeting Bcl2 in nucleus pulposus cells

ABSTRACT

miRNAs play an important role in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). The role and the underlying mechanism of miR-424-5p in human nucleus pulposus (NP) are still unknown. We aimed to explore the role of miR-424-5p in IDD.

Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-424-5p and Bcl2 in IDD tissues and idiopathic scoliosis tissues. Human NP cells were used in our study. MTT and Hoechst apoptosis assays were used to detect the proliferation and apoptosis of NP cells, respectively. Western blotting assays were used to detect the expression levels of Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, caspase-3 and caspase-9 in degenerative NP cells. A luciferase reporter assay was applied to confirm the relationship between miR-424-5p and Bcl2.

Our results showed that the expression of miR-424-5p was increased and Bcl2 was decreased in degenerative NP cells. miR-425-5p expression was negatively correlated with Bcl2 expression in IDD tissues. Suppression of miR-424-5p using an inhibitor increased Bcl2 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels, and it promoted cell viability and inhibited apoptosis. Furthermore, the levels of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 were downregulated in miR-424-5p-silenced NP cells. Interestingly, we found that silencing miR-424-5p increased p62 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. Finally, a luciferase reporter assay verified the binding of the miR-424-5p and the 3’UTR of Bcl2.

These results suggested that silencing miR-424-5p suppressed NP cell apoptosis by upregulating Bcl2. Therefore, miR-424-5p might be a novel target for IDD therapies.     

猪miR-331-3p过表达载体的构建及其对细胞增殖的影响

本研究旨在阐明猪miR-331-3p对细胞增殖的影响,探讨其对细胞增殖的作用机制首先构建了miR-331-3p的过表达载体pcDNA 3.1 (+)-miR-331-3p,并将将PK15细胞分为4组,分别为实验组、实验组对照组、抑制剂组和抑制剂对照组。实验组和对照组分别转染pcDNA 3.1(+)-miR-331-3p和pcDNA 3.1(+)。抑制剂组和抑制剂对照组分别转染miR-331-3p Inhibitor和miR-331-3p阴性对照(miR-331-3p NC)。通过在各组添加CCK-8试剂绘制细胞增殖曲线,并使用PI染色检测细胞所处周期比例。同时,利用实时荧光定量PCR(Quantitative real-time PCR,qPCR)检测生长抑制蛋白家族成员5 (Inhibitor of growth family member 5,ING5)、细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶2 (Cyclin dependent kinase 2,CDK2)、细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶3 (Cyclin dependent kinase 3,CDK3)、细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶4 (Cyclin dependent kinase 4,CDK4)、细胞周期蛋白B (Cyclin B)和细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂1A(Cyclindependentkinaseinhibitor1A,CDKN1A)的表达变化。结果表明,实验组miR-331-3p表达量显著升高,细胞增殖曲线表明48 h和72 h时细胞数目均呈现出实验组实验对照组和抑制剂对照组抑制剂组的趋势(P0.05)。与实验对照组相比,实验组处于G0/G1期的细胞比例下调,S期和G2/M细胞的比例上调,抑制剂对照组趋势与之相反;同时,实验组中与促进增殖的基因CDK2、CDK3、CDK4和CyclinB的mRNA表达水平均显著升高,而抑制增殖的基因ING5和CDKN1A均表现出显著下降的趋势。本研究成功构建了miR-331-3p过表达载体,且发现miR-331-3p具有促进猪肾上皮细胞增殖的能力,研究结果为深入研究miR-331-3p在猪生长发育中的作用机制奠定了基础。     

miR-195通过靶向调控趋化因子5促进胃癌细胞增殖、转移及侵袭的实验研究

目的:研究miR-195通过靶向调控趋化因子5促进胃癌细胞增殖、转移及侵袭的分子机制。方法:选取MGC803及NCI-N87细胞,根据转染不同分为:miR-NC组(空质粒),miR-195-mimics组(模拟序列)。实时荧光定量PCR法检测miR-195表达;MTT检测细胞增殖能力;Transwell侵袭实验检测细胞侵袭力;细胞划痕实验检测细胞转移能力;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况;Western blot检测chemokine 5表达水平;Spearman相关分析miR-195及chemokine 5相关性。荧光素酶实验验证miR-195与chemokine 5的靶向关系。结果:miR-195-mimics组细胞miR-195水平高于miR-NC组(P0.05);miR-195 mimics组第1、2、3、4 d细胞活力低于miR-NC组(P0.05);miR-195 mimics组G1细胞高于miR-NC组,G2期、S期细胞低于miR-NC组,G2/S期细胞比值低于miR-NC组(P0.05);miR-195 mimics组划痕距离大于miR-NC组(P0.05);miR-195 mimics组细胞侵袭数低于miR-NC组(P0.05);miR-195-mimics组细chemokine 5蛋白含量低于miR-NC组(P0.05);miR-195 m RNA水平与chemokine 5蛋白含量负相关(r=-0.398,P=0.00);miR-195可直接靶向chemokine 5。结论:miR-195可通过靶向chemokine 5促进胃癌MGC803及NCI-N87细胞的增殖、转移及侵袭。     

Mir-335-5p靶向G6PD对结肠癌细胞增殖、凋亡的影响

目的: 探讨Mir-335-5p通过靶向G6PD对结肠癌细胞增殖、凋亡的影响。方法: 设置正常结肠细胞组、空白对照组、NC组、miRNA-335-5p mimic组;体外培养结肠上皮细胞(IEC)和人源性结肠癌细胞SW480,并对NC组、miRNA-335-5p mimic组细胞进行转染;采用RT-qPCR检测各组细胞中miR-335-5p及G6PD mRNA表达水平;双荧光素酶报告实验验证Mir-335-5p对G6PD靶向作用;MTT实验检测各组细胞的增殖;流式细胞术检测转染后各组细胞凋亡率;Western blot检测G6PD及凋亡蛋白Bax、Bcl-2、caspase3相对表达水平。结果: 与正常结肠细胞相比,空白对照组、NC组结肠癌细胞SW480细胞中miR-335-5p相对表达水平降低,G6PD mRNA相对表达水平升高(P＜0.05);与空白对照组、NC组相比,miR-335-5p mimic组细胞miR-335-5p表达水平明显升高,G6PD mRNA表达水平显著降低(P＜0.05)。与空白对照、NC组相比,miR-335-5p mimic组结肠癌SW480细胞生长活性显著降低,凋亡率显著升高(P＜0.05)。miR-335-5p mimic+WT-G6PD 3′-UTR组的荧光素酶相对活性低于miR-335-5p NC+WT-G6PD 3′-UTR组(P＜0.05)。与空白对照组相比,miR-335-5p mimic组细胞中G6PD、Bcl-2蛋白相对表达水平显著降低,Bax、caspase3蛋白表达水平显著升高(P＜0.05)。结论: Mir-335-5p可能通过靶向G6PD抑制结肠癌细胞增殖、促进凋亡。