共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Yongfu Tao Xianrong Zhao Xuemin Wang Adrian Hathorn Colleen Hunt Alan W. Cruickshank Erik J. van Oosterom Ian D. Godwin Emma S. Mace David R. Jordan 《Plant biotechnology journal》2020,18(4):1093-1105
Grain size is a key yield component of cereal crops and a major quality attribute. It is determined by a genotype’s genetic potential and its capacity to fill the grains. This study aims to dissect the genetic architecture of grain size in sorghum. An integrated genome‐wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using a diversity panel (n = 837) and a BC‐NAM population (n = 1421). To isolate genetic effects associated with genetic potential of grain size, rather than the genotype’s capacity to fill the grains, a treatment of removing half of the panicle was imposed during flowering. Extensive and highly heritable variation in grain size was observed in both populations in 5 field trials, and 81 grain size QTL were identified in subsequent GWAS. These QTL were enriched for orthologues of known grain size genes in rice and maize, and had significant overlap with SNPs associated with grain size in rice and maize, supporting common genetic control of this trait among cereals. Grain size genes with opposite effect on grain number were less likely to overlap with the grain size QTL from this study, indicating the treatment facilitated identification of genetic regions related to the genetic potential of grain size. These results enhance understanding of the genetic architecture of grain size in cereal, and pave the way for exploration of underlying molecular mechanisms and manipulation of this trait in breeding practices. 相似文献
2.
Hongxia Liu Xuemei Si Zhenyu Wang Liangjing Cao Lifeng Gao Xiaolong Zhou Wenxi Wang Ke Wang Chengzhi Jiao Lei Zhuang Yunchuan Liu Jian Hou Tian Li Chenyang Hao Weilong Guo Jun Liu Xueyong Zhang 《Plant biotechnology journal》2023,21(6):1159-1175
Grain size and filling are two key determinants of grain thousand-kernel weight (TKW) and crop yield, therefore they have undergone strong selection since cereal was domesticated. Genetic dissection of the two traits will improve yield potential in crops. A quantitative trait locus significantly associated with wheat grain TKW was detected on chromosome 7AS flanked by a simple sequence repeat marker of Wmc17 in Chinese wheat 262 mini-core collection by genome-wide association study. Combined with the bulked segregant RNA-sequencing (BSR-seq) analysis of an F2 genetic segregation population with extremely different TKW traits, a candidate trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase gene located at 135.0 Mb (CS V1.0), designated as TaTPP-7A, was identified. This gene was specifically expressed in developing grains and strongly influenced grain filling and size. Overexpression (OE) of TaTPP-7A in wheat enhanced grain TKW and wheat yield greatly. Detailed analysis revealed that OE of TaTPP-7A significantly increased the expression levels of starch synthesis- and senescence-related genes involved in abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene pathways. Moreover, most of the sucrose metabolism and starch regulation-related genes were potentially regulated by SnRK1. In addition, TaTPP-7A is a crucial domestication- and breeding-targeted gene and it feedback regulates sucrose lysis, flux, and utilization in the grain endosperm mainly through the T6P-SnRK1 pathway and sugar–ABA interaction. Thus, we confirmed the T6P signalling pathway as the central regulatory system for sucrose allocation and source–sink interactions in wheat grains and propose that the trehalose pathway components have great potential to increase yields in cereal crops. 相似文献
3.
Inheritance of inflorescence architecture in sorghum 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Brown PJ Klein PE Bortiri E Acharya CB Rooney WL Kresovich S 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2006,113(5):931-942
The grass inflorescence is the primary food source for humanity, and has been repeatedly shaped by human selection during the domestication of different cereal crops. Of all major cultivated cereals, sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] shows the most striking variation in inflorescence architecture traits such as branch number and branch length, but the genetic basis of this variation is little understood. To study the inheritance of inflorescence architecture in sorghum, 119 recombinant inbred lines from an elite by exotic cross were grown in three environments and measured for 15 traits, including primary, secondary, and tertiary inflorescence branching. Eight characterized genes that are known to control inflorescence architecture in maize (Zea mays L.) and other grasses were mapped in sorghum. Two of these candidate genes, Dw3 and the sorghum ortholog of ramosa2, co-localized precisely with QTL of large effect for relevant traits. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using genomic and mutant resources from maize and rice (Oryza sativa L.) to investigate the inheritance of complex traits in related cereals.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available to authorised users in the online version of this article at . 相似文献
4.
Toi J. Tsilo Gary A. Hareland Senay Simsek Shiaoman Chao James A. Anderson 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2010,121(4):717-730
Kernel characteristics, particularly kernel weight, kernel size, and grain protein content, are important components of grain
yield and quality in wheat. Development of high performing wheat cultivars, with high grain yield and quality, is a major
focus in wheat breeding programs worldwide. Here, we report chromosome regions harboring genes that influence kernel weight,
kernel diameter, kernel size distribution, grain protein content, and grain yield in hard red spring wheat breeding lines
adapted to the Upper Midwest region of the United States. A genetic linkage map composed of 531 SSR and DArT marker loci spanned
a distance of 2,505 cM, covering all 21 chromosomes of wheat. Stable QTL clusters influencing kernel weight, kernel diameter,
and kernel size distribution were identified on chromosomes 2A, 5B, and 7A. Phenotypic variation explained by individual QTL
at these clusters varied from 5 to 20% depending on the trait. A QTL region on chromosome 2B confers an undesirable pleiotropic
effect or a repulsion linkage between grain yield (LOD = 6.7; R
2 = 18%) and grain protein content (LOD = 6.2; R
2 = 13.3%). However, several grain protein and grain yield QTL independent of each other were also identified. Because some
of the QTL identified in this study were consistent across environments, DNA markers will provide an opportunity for increasing
the frequency of desirable alleles through marker-assisted selection. 相似文献
5.
Shuangcheng Li Fengyan Gao Kailong Xie Xiuhong Zeng Ye Cao Jing Zeng Zhongshan He Yun Ren Wenbo Li Qiming Deng Shiquan Wang Aiping Zheng Jun Zhu Huainian Liu Lingxia Wang Ping Li 《Plant biotechnology journal》2016,14(11):2134-2146
Grain weight is the most important component of rice yield and is mainly determined by grain size, which is generally controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Although numerous QTLs that regulate grain weight have been identified, the genetic network that controls grain size remains unclear. Herein, we report the cloning and functional analysis of a dominant QTL, grain length and width 2 (GLW2), which positively regulates grain weight by simultaneously increasing grain length and width. The GLW2 locus encodes OsGRF4 (growth‐regulating factor 4) and is regulated by the microRNA miR396c in vivo. The mutation in OsGRF4 perturbs the OsmiR396 target regulation of OsGRF4, generating a larger grain size and enhanced grain yield. We also demonstrate that OsGIF1 (GRF‐interacting factors 1) directly interacts with OsGRF4, and increasing its expression improves grain size. Our results suggest that the miR396c‐OsGRF4‐OsGIF1 regulatory module plays an important role in grain size determination and holds implications for rice yield improvement. 相似文献
6.
Quantitative trait loci for the stay green trait in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench): consistency across genetic backgrounds and environments 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
P. K. Subudhi D. T. Rosenow H. T. Nguyen 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2000,101(5-6):733-741
Stay green in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is characterized by the plant’s ability to tolerate post-flowering drought stress, thereby delaying the premature
leaf and plant death. It contributes to normal grain filling and reduces the incidence of stalk lodging and charcoal rot disease
during the late stages of grain development. Breeding for improving post-flowering drought tolerance in sorghum hybrids remains
an important objective of sorghum breeders. Since evaluation of the stay green response is difficult and unreliable under
field conditions, due to the timing and intensity of moisture stress and large environmental interaction, progress in improving
drought tolerance by conventional breeding methods has been slow. The objective of the present study was to determine the
consistency of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling stay green in sorghum. We re-evaluated the Recombinant Inbred Line
(RIL)-mapping population from the cross B35 x Tx7000 in two locations over 2 years and compared it with earlier reports. Analysis
using the combined stay green-rating means of seven environments and the expanded molecular map reconfirmed all four stay
green QTLs (Stg1, Stg2, Stg3 and Stg4) that were identified earlier by Xu et al. (2000). Similarly, comparison of the stay green QTL locations with earlier reported
results indicated that all four stay green QTLs showed consistency across different genetic backgrounds. Examination of the
stay green QTL profiles of the best and poorest stay-green lines indicated that three stay green QTLs, Stg1, Stg2 and Stg3, appear to be important for the expression of this trait when the percent phenotypic variation, and the consistency in different
backgrounds and different environments, are considered. A significant epistatic interaction involving Stg2 and a region on linkage group C was also identified for the stay green and chlorophyll content. We concluded that Stg2 is the most important QTL controlling stay green, explaining the maximum amount of phenotypic variation. This report further
strengthens our view to target the Stg2 QTL region for gene discovery in order to improve the basic understanding of the stay green phenomenon, which might be helpful
in manipulating this trait not only in sorghum but also in other cereal crop species.
Received: 12 January 2000 / Accepted: 12 February 2000 相似文献
7.
Genetic dissection of sorghum grain quality traits using diverse and segregating populations 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Richard E. Boyles Brian K. Pfeiffer Elizabeth A. Cooper Bradley L. Rauh Kelsey J. Zielinski Matthew T. Myers Zachary Brenton William L. Rooney Stephen Kresovich 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2017,130(4):697-716
Key message
Coordinated association and linkage mapping identified 25 grain quality QTLs in multiple environments, and fine mapping of the Wx locus supports the use of high-density genetic markers in linkage mapping.Abstract
There is a wide range of end-use products made from cereal grains, and these products often demand different grain characteristics. Fortunately, cereal crop species including sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] contain high phenotypic variation for traits influencing grain quality. Identifying genetic variants underlying this phenotypic variation allows plant breeders to develop genotypes with grain attributes optimized for their intended usage. Multiple sorghum mapping populations were rigorously phenotyped across two environments (SC Coastal Plain and Central TX) in 2 years for five major grain quality traits: amylose, starch, crude protein, crude fat, and gross energy. Coordinated association and linkage mapping revealed several robust QTLs that make prime targets to improve grain quality for food, feed, and fuel products. Although the amylose QTL interval spanned many megabases, the marker with greatest significance was located just 12 kb from waxy (Wx), the primary gene regulating amylose production in cereal grains. This suggests higher resolution mapping in recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations can be obtained when genotyped at a high marker density. The major QTL for crude fat content, identified in both a RIL population and grain sorghum diversity panel, encompassed the DGAT1 locus, a critical gene involved in maize lipid biosynthesis. Another QTL on chromosome 1 was consistently mapped in both RIL populations for multiple grain quality traits including starch, crude protein, and gross energy. Collectively, these genetic regions offer excellent opportunities to manipulate grain composition and set up future studies for gene validation.8.
Gloria Burow John J. Burke Zhanguo Xin Cleve D. Franks 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2011,28(3):391-402
Soil temperatures at 15°C or below limit germination and seedling establishment for warm season cereal crops such as sorghum
(Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) during early-season planting. To better understand the genetics of early-season cold tolerance in sorghum, mapping
of quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with germination, emergence and vigor using a recombinant inbred mapping population
was carried out. A mapping population consisting of 171 F7–F8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross between RTx430 (cold-sensitive) and PI610727 (cold-tolerant) was developed
and a genetic map was constructed using 141 microsatellites or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The RILs were evaluated
for cold and optimal temperature germinability in the laboratory, field emergence, and seedling vigor in two locations during
early-season planting. Two or more QTL were detected for all traits, except for seedling vigor, with only one QTL was detected
in the population. A QTL for cold germinability (Germ 12-2.1) showed the highest LOD value and was also associated with optimal germinability. One of the QTL for field emergence, Fearlygerm-9.3, a contribution from PI610727, was found significant in both locations used for the study. This study showed alignment of
QTL in SBi1 (Fearlygerm-1.2 and FGerm30-1.2) with previously reported QTL associated with late field emergence identified from a different mapping population. This indicates
that PI617027 shares some common loci with other known early-season cold-tolerant sorghum germplasm but also harbors novel
QTL that could be useful in introgression of enhanced laboratory germination and early-season field emergence. 相似文献
9.
Wang P Zhou G Yu H Yu S 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2011,123(8):1319-1330
Leaf size is a major determinant of plant architecture and yield potential in crops. A previous study showed that the genomic
region of chromosome 1 contains a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for flag leaf size in a set of backcross recombinant
inbred lines derived from two elite parental lines (Zhenshan 97 and 93-11). In the present study, the QTL (qFL1) was shown to explain a large proportion of the variation in flag leaf size (leaf length, width and area) in derived populations
(BC2F3 and BC3F2) in multiple environments. Using a large segregating population, we narrowed the location of qFL1 to a 31 kb region containing four predicted genes. Expression of one of these genes, OsFTL1, differed between leaves in near-isogenic lines carrying alleles of Zhenshan 97 and 93-11. qFL1 had a pleiotropic effect on flag leaf size and yield-related traits. Conditional QTL analysis of the derived population (BC3F2) supports the assertion that qFL1 is the QTL for flag leaf length and exhibits pleiotropy. Pyramiding of qFL1 with two known genes (GS3 and Wx) from 93-11 into Zhenshan 97 enlarged flag leaves, improved grain size and amylose content, and increased yield per plant,
but slightly delayed heading date. These results provide a foundation for the functional characterization of the gene underlying
the pleiotropic effects of qFL1 and for genetic improvement of the plant architecture and yield potential of rice. 相似文献
10.
Andrew Chen Lawrence V. Gusta Anita Brûlé-Babel Richard Leach Ute Baumann Geoffrey B. Fincher Nicholas C. Collins 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2009,119(4):685-694
Exposure of flowering cereal crops to frost can cause sterility and grain damage, resulting in significant losses. However,
efforts to breed for improved low temperature tolerance in reproductive tissues (LTR tolerance) has been hampered by the variable
nature of natural frost events and the confounding effects of heading time on frost-induced damage in these tissues. Here,
we establish conditions for detection of LTR tolerance in barley under reproducible simulated frost conditions in a custom-built
frost chamber. An ice nucleator spray was used to minimize potential effects arising from variation in naturally occurring
extrinsic nucleation factors. Barley genotypes differing in their field tolerance could be distinguished. Additionally, an
LTR tolerance quantitative trait locus (QTL) on the long arm of barley chromosome 2H could be detected in segregating families.
In a recombinant family, the QTL was shown to be separable from the effects of the nearby flowering time locus Flt-2L. At a minimum temperature of −3.5°C for 2 h, detection of the LTR tolerance locus was dependent on the presence of the nucleator
spray, suggesting that the tolerance relates to freezing rather than chilling, and that it is not the result of plant-encoded
variation in ice-nucleating properties of the tiller surface.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
11.
Applying genotyping (TILLING) and phenotyping analyses to elucidate gene function in a chemically induced sorghum mutant population 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Zhanguo Xin Ming Li Wang Noelle A Barkley Gloria Burow Cleve Franks Gary Pederson John Burke 《BMC plant biology》2008,8(1):103
Background
Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is ranked as the fifth most important grain crop and serves as a major food staple and fodder resource for much of the world, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. The recent surge in sorghum research is driven by its tolerance to drought/heat stresses and its strong potential as a bioenergy feedstock. Completion of the sorghum genome sequence has opened new avenues for sorghum functional genomics. However, the availability of genetic resources, specifically mutant lines, is limited. Chemical mutagenesis of sorghum germplasm, followed by screening for mutants altered in important agronomic traits, represents a rapid and effective means of addressing this limitation. Induced mutations in novel genes of interest can be efficiently assessed using the technique known as Targeting Induced Local Lesion IN Genomes (TILLING). 相似文献12.
Leaf photosynthetic rate is correlated with biomass and grain production in grain sorghum lines 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Significant genetic variation in leaf photosynthetic rate has been reported in grain sorghum [Sorghum biocolor (L.) Moench]. The relationships between leaf photosynthetic rates and total biomass production and grain yield remain to be established and formed the purpose of this experiment. Twenty two grain sorghum parent lines were tested in the field during the 1988 growing season under well-watered and water-limited conditions. Net carbon assimilation rates were measured at mid-day during the 30 day period from panicle initiation to head exertion on upper-most fully expanded leaves using a portable photosynthesis system (LI-6200). Total biomass and grain production were determined at physiological maturity. The lines exhibited significant genetic variation in leaf photosynthetic rate, total biomass production and grain yield. Significant positive correlations existed between leaf photosynthesis and total biomass and grain production under both well-watered and water-limited conditions. The results suggest that leaf photosynthetic rate measured prior to flowering is a good indicator of productivity in grain sorghum. 相似文献
13.
K. Satish G. Srinivas R. Madhusudhana P. G. Padmaja R. Nagaraja Reddy S. Murali Mohan N. Seetharama 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2009,119(8):1425-1439
The shoot fly is one of the most destructive insect pests of sorghum at the seedling stage. Deployment of cultivars with improved
shoot fly resistance would be facilitated by the use of molecular markers linked to QTL. The objective of this study was to
dissect the genetic basis of resistance into QTL, using replicated phenotypic data sets obtained from four test environments,
and a 162 microsatellite marker-based linkage map constructed using 168 RILs of the cross 296B (susceptible) × IS18551 (resistant).
Considering five component traits and four environments, a total of 29 QTL were detected by multiple QTL mapping (MQM) viz.,
four each for leaf glossiness and seedling vigor, seven for oviposition, six for deadhearts, two for adaxial trichome density
and six for abaxial trichome density. The LOD and R
2 (%) values of QTL ranged from 2.6 to 15.0 and 5.0 to 33%, respectively. For most of the QTL, IS18551 contributed resistance
alleles; however, at six QTL, alleles from 296B also contributed to resistance. QTL of the related component traits were co-localized,
suggesting pleiotropy or tight linkage of genes. The new morphological marker Trit for trichome type was associated with the major QTL for component traits of resistance. Interestingly, QTL identified in
this study correspond to QTL/genes for insect resistance at the syntenic maize genomic regions, suggesting the conservation
of insect resistance loci between these crops. For majority of the QTL, possible candidate genes lie within or very near the
ascribed confidence intervals in sorghum. Finally, the QTL identified in the study should provide a foundation for marker-assisted
selection (MAS) programs for improving shoot fly resistance in sorghum. 相似文献
14.
Nagaraja Reddy Rama Reddy Madhusudhana Ragimasalawada Murali Mohan Sabbavarapu Seetharama Nadoor Jagannatha Vishnu Patil 《BMC genomics》2014,15(1)
Background
Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is an important dry-land cereal of the world providing food, fodder, feed and fuel. Stay-green (delayed-leaf senescence) is a key attribute in sorghum determining its adaptation to terminal drought stress. The objective of this study was to validate sorghum stay-green quantitative trait loci (QTL) identified in the past, and to identify new QTL in the genetic background of a post-rainy adapted genotype M35-1.Results
A genetic linkage map based on 245 F9 Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) derived from a cross between M35-1 (more senescent) and B35 (less senescent) with 237 markers consisting of 174 genomic, 60 genic and 3 morphological markers was used. The phenotypic data collected for three consecutive post-rainy crop seasons on the RIL population (M35-1 × B35) was used for QTL analysis. Sixty-one QTL were identified for various measures of stay-green trait and each trait was controlled by one to ten QTL. The phenotypic variation explained by each QTL ranged from 3.8 to 18.7%. Co-localization of QTL for more than five traits was observed on two linkage groups i.e. on SBI-09-3 flanked by S18 and Xgap206 markers and, on SBI-03 flanked by XnhsbSFCILP67 and Xtxp31. QTL identified in this study were stable across environments and corresponded to sorghum stay-green and grain yield QTL reported previously. Of the 60 genic SSRs mapped, 14 were closely linked with QTL for ten traits. A genic marker, XnhsbSFCILP67 (Sb03g028240) encoding Indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.5, was co-located with QTL for GLB, GLM, PGLM and GLAM on SBI-03. Genes underlying key enzymes of chlorophyll metabolism were also found in the stay-green QTL regions.Conclusions
We validated important stay-green QTL reported in the past in sorghum and detected new QTL influencing the stay-green related traits consistently. Stg2, Stg3 and StgB were prominent in their expression. Collectively, the QTL/markers identified are likely candidates for subsequent verification for their involvement in stay-green phenotype using NILs and to develop drought tolerant sorghum varieties through marker-assisted breeding for terminal drought tolerance in sorghum.Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-909) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献15.
16.
Mace ES Singh V Van Oosterom EJ Hammer GL Hunt CH Jordan DR 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2012,124(1):97-109
Nodal root angle in sorghum influences vertical and horizontal root distribution in the soil profile and is thus relevant
to drought adaptation. In this study, we report for the first time on the mapping of four QTL for nodal root angle (qRA) in sorghum, in addition to three QTL for root dry weight, two for shoot dry weight, and three for plant leaf area. Phenotyping
was done at the six leaf stage for a mapping population (n = 141) developed by crossing two inbred sorghum lines with contrasting root angle. Nodal root angle QTL explained 58.2% of
the phenotypic variance and were validated across a range of diverse inbred lines. Three of the four nodal root angle QTL
showed homology to previously identified root angle QTL in rice and maize, whereas all four QTL co-located with previously
identified QTL for stay-green in sorghum. A putative association between nodal root angle QTL and grain yield was identified
through single marker analysis on field testing data from a subset of the mapping population grown in hybrid combination with
three different tester lines. Furthermore, a putative association between nodal root angle QTL and stay-green was identified
using data sets from selected sorghum nested association mapping populations segregating for root angle. The identification
of nodal root angle QTL presents new opportunities for improving drought adaptation mechanisms via molecular breeding to manipulate
a trait for which selection has previously been very difficult. 相似文献
17.
Chuan‐Lin Shi Nai‐Qian Dong Tao Guo Wang‐Wei Ye Jun‐Xiang Shan Hong‐Xuan Lin 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2020,103(3):1174-1188
Grain size is one of the essential components determining rice yield and is a target for both domestication and artificial breeding. Gibberellins (GAs) are diterpenoid phytohormones that influence diverse aspects of plant growth and development. Several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been identified that control grain size through phytohormone regulation. However, little is known about the role of GAs in the control of grain size. Here we report the cloning and characterization of a QTL, GW6 (GRAIN WIDTH 6), which encodes a GA‐regulated GAST family protein and positively regulates grain width and weight. GW6 is highly expressed in the young panicle and increases grain width by promoting cell expansion in the spikelet hull. Knockout of GW6 exhibits reduced grain size and weight, whereas overexpression of GW6 results in increased grain size and weight. GW6 is induced by GA and its knockout downregulates the expression of GA biosynthesis genes and decreases GA content in the young panicle. We found that a natural variation in the cis element CAAT‐box in the promoter of GW6 is associated with its expression level and grain width and weight. Furthermore, introduction of GW6 to Oryza indica variety HJX74 can lead to a 10.44% increase in rice grain yield, indicating that GW6 has great potential to improve grain yield in rice. 相似文献
18.
Background
Among the cereal crops, barley is the species with the greatest adaptability to a wide range of environments. To determine the level and structure of genetic diversity in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landraces from the central highlands of Ethiopia, we have examined the molecular variation at seven nuclear microsatellite loci. 相似文献19.
Xiaojun Zha Xiaojin Luo Xiaoyin Qian Guangming He Mengfei Yang Yu Li Jinshui Yang 《Plant biotechnology journal》2009,7(7):611-620
In rice ( Oryza sativa L.), the number of panicles, spikelets per panicle and grain weight are important components of grain yield. These characteristics are controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and are derived from variation inherent in crops. As a result of the complex genetic basis of these traits, only a few genes involved in their control have been cloned and characterized. We have previously map-cloned a gene cluster including eight leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase ( LRK ) genes in Dongxiang wild rice ( Oryza rufipogon Griff.), which increased the grain yield by 16%. In the present study, we characterized the LRK1 gene, which was contained in the donor parent (Dongxiang wild rice) genome and absent from the recurrent parent genome (Guichao2, Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica ). Our data showed that rice LRK1 is a plasma membrane protein expressed constitutively in leaves, young panicles, roots and culms. The over-expression of rice LRK1 results in increased panicles, spikelets per panicle, weight per grain and enhanced cellular proliferation, leading to a 27.09% increase in total grain yield per plant. The increased number of panicles and spikelets per panicle are associated with increased branch number. Our data suggest that rice LRK1 regulates rice branch number by enhancing cellular proliferation. The functional characterization of rice LRK1 facilitates an understanding of the mechanisms involved in cereal crop yield, and may have utility in improving grain yield in cereal crops. 相似文献
20.
Shuen‐Fang Lo Ming‐Lung Cheng Yue‐ie Caroline Hsing Yi‐Shih Chen Kuo‐Wei Lee Ya‐Fang Hong Yu Hsiao An‐Shan Hsiao Pei‐Jing Chen Lai‐In Wong Nan‐Chen Chen Christophe Reuzeau Tuan‐Hua David Ho Su‐May Yu 《Plant biotechnology journal》2020,18(9):1969-1983
Grain/seed yield and plant stress tolerance are two major traits that determine the yield potential of many crops. In cereals, grain size is one of the key factors affecting grain yield. Here, we identify and characterize a newly discovered gene Rice Big Grain 1 (RBG1) that regulates grain and organ development, as well as abiotic stress tolerance. Ectopic expression of RBG1 leads to significant increases in the size of not only grains but also other major organs such as roots, shoots and panicles. Increased grain size is primarily due to elevated cell numbers rather than cell enlargement. RBG1 is preferentially expressed in meristematic and proliferating tissues. Ectopic expression of RBG1 promotes cell division, and RBG1 co‐localizes with microtubules known to be involved in cell division, which may account for the increase in organ size. Ectopic expression of RBG1 also increases auxin accumulation and sensitivity, which facilitates root development, particularly crown roots. Moreover, overexpression of RBG1 up‐regulated a large number of heat‐shock proteins, leading to enhanced tolerance to heat, osmotic and salt stresses, as well as rapid recovery from water‐deficit stress. Ectopic expression of RBG1 regulated by a specific constitutive promoter, GOS2, enhanced harvest index and grain yield in rice. Taken together, we have discovered that RBG1 regulates two distinct and important traits in rice, namely grain yield and stress tolerance, via its effects on cell division, auxin and stress protein induction. 相似文献