检测博尔纳病病毒RNA的RACE技术的建立

目的建立检测博尔纳病病毒(BDV)RNA的3′RACE(rapid amplification of cDNA ends)方法。方法根据已知的BDV p40基因序列设计上游引物sp1;提取BDV(H1766株)持续感染OL细胞的总RNA,用引物sp1和oligo dT进行3′RACE扩增,将PCR产物克隆到pGEM-T载体并转化到大肠埃希菌中,制备阳性菌落的目的质粒,进行序列测定和同源性比对;同时对检测BDV RNA的3′RACE方法的特异性和敏感性进行分析。结果建立了检测BDV RNA的3′RACE技术;所获得的BDV p40基因的3′末端扩增产物的核苷酸序列与已知BDV(H1766株)p40基因的核苷酸序列同源性为100%;本方法对BDV RNA(mRNA)具有特异性,但对BDV p40基因重组质粒无扩增结果;并且可以检测到0.04 ng以上含量的BDV感染细胞的总RNA。结论检测BDV RNA的3′RACE技术可以排除实验室污染造成的BDV基因扩增的假阳性,并可用于进一步分析BDV基因序列的特点以及评价BDV相关基因的表达情况。     

博尔纳病病毒持续感染细胞系中病毒RNA的原位PCR检测

目的建立检测博尔纳病病毒(BDV)RNA的原位PCR方法。方法首先设计BDV特异性引物以及检测BDV-RNA的原位PCR扩增系统．然后对BDV持续感染细胞(BDV／OL)和正常细胞(OL细胞)爬片进行原位PCR扩增,进而分别用DNA酶或RNA酶消化处理BDV／OL细胞爬片后,再进行原位PCR扩增。结果经原位PCR扩增后．约60％～70％的BDV持续感染细胞核中出现了阳性反应信号,但正常细胞无信号出现,并且病毒感染细胞中的阳性信号在RNA酶消化作用下消失,但不受DNA酶作用的影响。结论该研究建立的PCR检测方法具有BDV和RNA特异性,可以应用于检测相关动物或神经精神疾病患者的脑组织中BDV-RNA,为进一步证明BDV的致病性奠定基础。     

儿童抗幽门螺杆菌IgG和IgA水平的酶联免疫吸附试验检测

目的：了解北京地区儿童幽门螺杆菌（Hp)的感染状况,探讨儿童幽门螺杆菌感染与年龄、性别的关系,比较分析HP感染后血清中抗体(IgG、IgA)水平。方法：采用ELISA方法对我院消化道门诊227例患儿同时检测血清抗Hp抗体IgG、IgA,任一项阳性者即诊断为Hp感染。结果：(1)227例门诊患儿Hp平均感染率53．7％,男孩感染率57．1％,女孩48．1％。(2)3岁以下就诊儿童Hp感染率57．1％,4—7岁组39．1％,8—12岁组60．5％,13岁以上47．1％;其中66．9％(81／120)的Hp阳性患儿在8—12岁之间;(3)HP感染总阳性率53．7％;若单独检测IgG,阳性率42．7％,假阴性率11％;单独检测IgA,阳性率22％,假阴性率31．7％;两项诊断符合率达57．3％。结论：北京地区儿童幽门螺杆菌感染率较高。有消化道症状伴HP感染的患儿以8—12岁居多,其感染率明显高于全国无症状儿童平均染率。儿童Hp感染性别差异无显著性,感染后血清抗体水平IgG显著高于IgA,同时检测IgG、IgA有助于提高ELISA方法Hp的感染检出率。     

SLE患者血清中SARS—CoV抗体阳性原因分析

为了探讨严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)冠状病毒(SARS—CoV)抗体测定在系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者中的假阳性问题,应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和荧光定量RT—PCR技术检测了66例正常对照和31例SLE患者血清中SARS—CoV抗体的阳性率。结果,66例正常对照中,IgM抗体均阴性,IgG抗体的阳性率为3．0％(2／66);31例SLE患者中,IgM抗体和IgG抗体阳性率分别为29％(9／31)和58．1％(18／31),IgG抗体和IgM抗体同时阳性为22．6％(7／31)。经RT—PCR检测,上述阳性病例均为阴性。结论：用非纯化抗原制备的ELISA试剂盒测定SLE患者的SARS—COV抗体,可能出现假阳性,两种抗体同时测定可降低诊断的假阳性率,提高诊断的特异性。在SLE患者中出现假阳性的原因可能与包被的抗原有关。     

金黄色葡萄球菌儿童临床分离株携带PVL基因状况的分析

目的了解金黄色葡萄球菌儿童分离株携带Panton-Valentine杀白细胞素（PVL）基因的状况及感染类型。方法采用多重PCR同时检测金黄色葡萄球菌16SrRNA基因、PVL基因和mecA基因;多重PCR检测MR—SA的SCCmec基因型及亚型。结果66株金黄色葡萄球菌JL童临床分离株经多重PCR检测,其中MRSA有7株（10．6％）,MSSA有59株（89．4％）;携带PVL基因金黄色葡萄球菌有31株,总阳性率为47．O％（31／66）,其中2株为MRSA,29株为MSSA,阳性率分别为28．6％（2／7）和49。2％（29／59）。2株MRSA都属于SCCmecIV型;31株PVL基因阳性分离株有21株分离自脓液,7株分离自血液,仅1株分离自痰液。结论儿童MSSA是携带PVL基因的主要菌株,携带PVL基因的金黄色葡萄球菌主要引起化脓性感染和血流感染。     

miR-30a-3p靶向ANXA1调控EB病毒阳性皮肌炎患者炎症反应的实验研究

皮肌炎(Dermatomyositis,DM)是一种主要影响皮肤和肌肉的自身免疫性疾病,EB病毒(Epstein-Barr virus,EBV)感染可能在皮肌炎的发生扮演着重要的角色。为了探讨miR-30a-3p通过靶向膜联蛋白A1(Annexin A1,ANXA1)调控EBV阳性皮肌炎患者炎症反应的机制,本研究通过qRT-PCR检测外周血样本和外周血单核细胞(Peripheral blood mononuclear cells,PBMCs)中miR-30a-3p和ANXA1 mRNA的表达;通过ELISA分析外周血样本和PBMCs中相关炎症因子(IL-1β、IL-17、TNF-α)的表达;通过生物信息学软件预测miR-30a-3p的靶基因并通过双荧光素酶报告实验确定二者之间的结合作用。结果显示:与对照组相比,在皮肌炎患者外周血样本中miR-30a-3p、IL-1β、IL-17、TNF-α表达显著上调(P0.05);与对照组相比,EBV组中miR-30a-3p、IL-1β、IL-17、TNF-α表达显著上调(P0.05);与对照组相比,miRNA mimics组中miR-30a-3p、IL-1β、IL-17、TNF-α表达显著上调(P0.05);生物信息学分析显示ANXA1是miR-30a-3p的靶标,与对照组相比,miRNA mimics组miR-30a-3p可以与ANXA1 3'UTR区域结合并特异性抑制ANXA1的表达;与oe-NC+miRNA mimics组相比,在oe-ANXA1+miRNA mimics组中ANXA1的表达是可以挽救miR-30a-3p所抑制的ANXA1表达,进而抑制PBMCs中相关炎症因子的表达。从而得出结论:miR-30a-3p通过靶向抑制ANXA1表达,进而促进PBMCs中相关炎症因子的表达以及皮肌炎炎症反应的发生。     

慢性髓细胞白血病急变期MICM分型回顾性分析

目的：探讨慢性髓细胞白血病急变期（CML-Be）患者的细胞形态学（M）、免疫学（I）、细胞遗传学（C）和分子生物学（M）的特征及应用价值。方法：对38例CML．BC患者的MICM分型进行回顾性分析。结果：以FAB分型为基础的形态学确诊率达94．7％;免疫分型结果为：38例CML-BC中CML-AML占71．0％,其中37．0％伴淋系表达;CML-ALL占23．7％,均为B细胞性,其中66．67％伴髓系表达;CML-MAL（混合性白血病）占5．3％,均为B系和髓系混合表达;CD34＋26例（68．4％）,cD7＋10例（26．3％）,均与CD34共表达。细胞遗传学结果显示：CML特征性Ph染色体检出率为94．3％（36／38）,附加异常染色体检出率为60．5％（23／38）,发生频率较高的类型是＋Ph、＋8和i（17q）;FISH检测BCR／ABL融合基因阳性率为100％,der（9）缺失占14．7％。RT—PCR检测20例患者BCR／ABL融合基因均为阳性,其中b2a2型（12／20）,b3a2型（8／20）,1例（1／20）,b2a2和b3a2双阳性（1／20）。结论：CML—BC是造血干细胞疾病,原始细胞分化阻滞在早期阶段,预后差。MICM分型对CML-BC的诊断、治疗和预后判断均有重要价值。     

博尔纳病病毒接种Wistar 大鼠脑组织中病毒基因组的原位检测

本文旨在用原位杂交法探讨博尔纳病病毒( BDV) 接种Wistar 大鼠脑组织中BDV 基因组的分布情况。DIG RNA labeling kit 标记BDV p24 正链探针后, 用斑点实验检测该探针的标记效率, 斑点杂交法检测该探针的特异性。在其标记效率与特异性均达到实验要求后, 用该探针对颅内接种BDV( H1766 株) 的Wistar 大鼠脑组织中BDV 基因组进行原位杂交检测。结果发现, 接种3 周后, BDV 感染主要发生在皮质和海马, 仅少量发生在丘脑和下丘脑; 接种6 周后, 皮质和海马的BDV 感染仍然存在, 且丘脑和下丘脑的BDV 感染明显增强, 说明BDV 在大鼠脑组织中的分布范围随着感染时间的延长而逐步扩大。本文建立的原位杂交法可用于检测BDV 在Wistar 大鼠脑组织内的分布与迁移情况。     

脯氨酸脱氢酶基因1945(T/C)多态性与精神分裂症的关联研究

目的:旨在探讨PRODH基因与汉族人群精神分裂症的时空联系。方法:采用聚合酶链式反应—限制性片断长度多态性方法,分析330例精神分裂症患者和344例正常对照者中PRODH*1945(T／C)多态性的基因型,比较病例组与对照组之间该多态性的基因型及等位基因的频率差异,进一步分析携带不同基因型的精神分裂症患者的发病年龄。结果:与正常对照组相比,精神分裂症患者PRODH*1945(T／C)多态性的基因型(x2=8．171,df=2,p=0．016)和等位基因(C>T,x2=5．249,df=1,p=0．021,OR=1．37,95％CI:0．56-0．96)的频率差异有统计学意义,携带风险等位基因C的精神分裂症患者发病年龄小于携带T者,差异存在弱显著性(CC CT:20．43 4．71岁,TT:22．57±5．23岁,t=-2．173,p=0．045)。结论:PRODH*1945(T／C)基因多态性可能参与精神分裂症发病机制及影响精神分裂症的发病年龄。     

胃粘膜损伤中EB病毒感染与P53抑癌基因突变的研究

为了探讨EB病毒（EBV）感染与胃癌发生的关系,应用PCR技术对166例胃粘膜损伤标本的EBVDNA进行检测．其中66例应用银染PCR－SSCP分析技术检测了p53exon5～8突变情况,10例应用直接法原位PCR技术检测了EBV在组织中的感染情况。结果166例标本中EBV感染率为30．1％;EBV在细胞中感染大体是弥散型,主要存在于细胞核。66例标本中p53基因突变率为54．5％。对比分析,EBV阳性标本中p53基因突变率为75％（21／28）,EBV阴性标本中p53基因突变率为39．5％（15／38）。结果表明,EBV对胃粘膜组织细胞具有易感性,p53基因突变在胃粘膜病变中是一个常发事件,EBV感染与p53基因突变之间存在着高度相关性．对癌症的发生具有重要作用。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细