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南陵县扬子鳄的种群数量及栖息地质量
引用本文:何利军,丁由中,李秀洪,胡林英,王小明,邵民,谢万树,John,Thorbjamarson,顾长明.南陵县扬子鳄的种群数量及栖息地质量[J].动物学杂志,2002,37(1):31-35.
作者姓名:何利军  丁由中  李秀洪  胡林英  王小明  邵民  谢万树  John  Thorbjamarson  顾长明
作者单位:1. 华东师范大学生物学系,上海,2000624
2. 安徽省南陵县扬子鳄保护站,南陵,242400
3. 安徽省南陵县林业局,南陵,242400
4. 安徽省扬子鳄繁殖研究中心,宣州,242034
5. Wildlife Conservation Society,New York,USA,10460
6. 安徽省林业厅,合肥,230000
基金项目:美国野生动物保护协会(WCS)资助项目,,
摘    要:1986-1998年,在安徽省南陵县对扬子鳄种群资源及分布区栖息地状况进行了4次调查。1999年对该县扬子鳄部分栖息地的质量做了研究。结果显示,南陵县扬子鳄野生种群目前只30头左右,每4年平均递减率约38%,分布于6个镇,7个行政村中,75%的栖息地已经消失,其中东河、三里、石铺三镇生活有全县80%的扬子鳄,而石铺镇扬子鳄密度最大,引起扬子鳄种群数量下降的主要原因是栖息地破坏,同时对鳄的捕杀,污染、天灾也是重要因素,其野外栖息地主要为两种类型,农耕区普通池塘和丘陵山地的山塘、水库,耕作区食物,栖息条件较好,人鳄矛盾较小的局部水域依然是扬子鳄最佳选择,但这类水域农药化肥污染已构成对扬子鳄的潜在威胁。

关 键 词:扬子鳄  种群数量  栖息地质量  南陵  安徽
文章编号:0250-3263(2002)01-31-05

The Research on the Chinese Alligator Population and Habitat Quality in Nanling County, Anhui Province
Abstract:Four surveys on Chinese alligator population and habitat were made in Nanling County, Anhui Province from 1986 to 1998. Spotlight and questionnaire methods were used for those surveys. Habitat quality evaluation was conducted for part of the availuable habitat in the County in 1999. The results showed that Chinese alligator population size has declined from 193 to 32 individuals in the period of 1986 to 1998 in Nanling County. The average decreasing rate of the Chinese alligator population was about 38% in every four years during 12 years. Chinese alligators were recorded at 7 villages in the 6 townships in 1998. About 3/4 of Chinese alligator's habitats disappeared from 1986 to 1998.And about 80% of the alligators were presented in three townships, Donghe,Shipu and Sanli. Among the three towns, the Shipu owns the highest density (from 21.6 to 50.6 ind/hm 2). The important factors contributing to the alligator population decline are the habitat loss, hunting, pollution and disasters (Drought and flood). One of two typies of habitats identified in Nanling County, is pools in cultivated areas, the other is the ponds and reservoirs in lowland surrounded by hills. The pools of the cultivated areas with good food resource could be good habitats for alligators, but those habitats are potentially threatened by the pollution of pesticides.
Keywords:Chinese  alligator  Population  Habitat quality  Nanling county
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