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黄土高原小流域土壤养分的空间异质性
引用本文:王军,傅伯杰,邱扬,陈利顶,余莉.黄土高原小流域土壤养分的空间异质性[J].生态学报,2002,22(8):1173-1178.
作者姓名:王军  傅伯杰  邱扬  陈利顶  余莉
作者单位:1. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心系统生态开放研究实验室,北京,100085;国土资源部土地整理中心国土整治研究室,北京,100035
2. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心系统生态开放研究实验室,北京,100085
3. 北京师范大学资源与环境科学系,北京,100875
4. 国土资源部土地整理中心国土整治研究室,北京,100035
基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目 (90 1 0 2 0 1 8),国土资源部资助项目 (2 0 0 0 3 0 1 )
摘    要:利用地理信息系统的空间分析功能,通过地统计学的半变异函数定量研究了黄土高原典型小流域土壤养分的空间异质性特征。结果表明;土壤有机质,全氮,有效氮,全磷和有效磷的理论模型均为球状模型,由随机因素引起的空间变异占空间总变异的比例小,其值分别为13.333%,10.938%,22.000%,9.091%和27.536%,反映5种养分具有较强的空间自相关格局,但它们的空间自相关范围具有明显的差异。土壤全氮和有效氮变程小,分别是90m和110m,有机质次之,变程是120m,而土壤全磷和有效磷的变程最大为160m,研究成果将有效地指导土壤的取样设计,以及进行土壤养分的空间内插和制图。

关 键 词:小流域  土壤养分  黄土高原  土壤养分  地统计学  空间异质性  地理信息系统
文章编号:1000-0933(2002)08-1173-06
收稿时间:2001/6/16 0:00:00

Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Nutrients in a Small Catchment of the Loess Plateau
WANG Jun,FU Bojie,QIU Yang,CHEN Liding and YU Li.Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Nutrients in a Small Catchment of the Loess Plateau[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2002,22(8):1173-1178.
Authors:WANG Jun  FU Bojie  QIU Yang  CHEN Liding and YU Li
Affiliation:Department of Systems Ecology; Research Center for Eco Environmental Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing; China
Abstract:An understanding of the distribution of soil nutrients at the field and catchment scale is important for improving agricultural management and for assessing the effects of agriculture on environmental quality and the influence degree of random factors such as human disturbance on soil properties. However, soil nutrients are highly heterogeneous whether large scale or small scale, and their heterogeneity results from many processes acting and interacting across a continuum of spatial and temporal scales. Due to serious soil erosion and nutrient loss in hilly area of the Loess Plateau, some researchers have studied the mechanism of soil nutrient loss and how to control soil nutrient loss, and others have explored the variability of soil nutrient described by classical statistical methods. However, there is little information on spatial variability and scales of soil nutrients in this area. With the wide applications of GIS and the development of soil science and landscape ecology, the relationships between spatial heterogeneity and ecological processes have aroused more and more attention in recent years. Geostatistical methods originally deriving for the mining industry have extended to assess spatial and temporal heterogeneity in soil science, ecology and water resources because of its advantages in analyzing the variability at a wide range of scales. Based on spatial analysis function of GIS, spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients in a small catchment of the Loess Plateau was studied using semivariogram of geostatistics in this paper. Theoretical semivariogram models of soil organic matter, total N, available N, total P, and available P were spherical model with a sill. The ratio of random variance (nugget) to total variance (sill) was low. These values were 13.333% for soil organic matter, 10.938% for total N, 22.000% for available N, 9.091% for total P and 27.536% for available P, respectively. This indicated that the five soil nutrients had relatively strong spatial correlation patterns. However, the significant differences in ranges of the five soil nutrients were found. Total P and available P had the highest values in the same ranges of 160m. Soil organic matter in range of 120m followed them, while total N and available N were the lowest values, 90m and 110m. These differences in ranges can be explained by particular properties of the five soil nutrients, soil erosion, land use patterns and topography. The information obtained from this study may be helpful for improving the sampling design of soil nutrients and for interpolation and map of soil nutrients.
Keywords:the Loess Plateau  soil nutrient  geostatistics  spatial heterogeneity  GIS
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