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渤海中、南部大型底栖动物的群落结构
引用本文:韩洁,张志南,于子山.渤海中、南部大型底栖动物的群落结构[J].生态学报,2004,24(3):531-537.
作者姓名:韩洁  张志南  于子山
作者单位:1. 生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室,北京师范大学生态学研究所,北京,100875
2. 中国海洋大学海洋生命学院,山东青岛,266003
基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目( 40 2 76 0 4 2,4 0 1 76 0 33),国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目(G19990 4 370 9),第31批中国博士后科学基金资助项目~~
摘    要:在对渤海中、南部大部分海区 3个航次的大型底栖动物现存量、生产力和物种多样性研究的基础上 ,对群落结构及其与环境因子的关系进行了分析。结果表明 ,种群的相对重要性存在着年份和季节的差异 ,与大型底栖动物群落关系最为密切的环境因子为水深和底层水中的硝酸盐浓度。底层水中的 NO3-N和 PO4-P含量、N∶ P值及大型底栖动物的类群组成显示 ,渤海已成为典型的富营养化海域 ,有些群落已有受到污染或富营养化扰动的趋势 ,但总体上污染尚未给研究海域的大型底栖动物群落结构带来明显影响。与 2 0世纪 80年代初相比 ,渤海大型底栖动物群落组成发生了一些变化 ,高速的富营养化进程、渔业活动的加剧以及底栖动物捕食者的改变 ,可能是造成变化的原因

关 键 词:大型底栖动物  群落结构  富营养化  渤海
文章编号:1000-0933(2004)03-0531-07
收稿时间:2003/3/29 0:00:00
修稿时间:2003/6/20 0:00:00

Macrobethic community structure in the southern and central Bohai Sea, China
HAN Jie,ZHANG Zhinan and YU Zishan.Macrobethic community structure in the southern and central Bohai Sea, China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,24(3):531-537.
Authors:HAN Jie  ZHANG Zhinan and YU Zishan
Affiliation:Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering & Institute of Ecology; Beijing Normal University; Beijing; China
Abstract:The Bohai Sea is one of the most important fishery areas in China. It is an enclosed sea receiving many waste-water outfalls from several highly developed surrounding districts. There are also oil wells located in the Sea, and for these reasons the Chinese government has been paying great attention to its environmental maintenance. Four integrated surveys and other specific investigations in the Bohai Sea have been conducted. Changes in the fishery and other biological resources that are attributable to the transformation of structure and function of the Bohai ecosystem have been detected. Nonetheless, published information is very limited. Macrobenthos are considered to be one of the most important components of marine ecosystems. To understand their role in energy flow and material cycling in the Bohai ecosystem, and to assess the health of the Bohai Sea, a quantitative study of 22 sampling stations in the southern and central Bohai Sea was carried out on three cruises in June 1997 (defined as cruise 976 in this study), September 1998 (cruise 989) and April 1999 (cruise 994). At each station three replicate samples of undisturbed sediment were taken with a modified 0.1 m~2 Gray-O'Hara box-corer. The macrofauna were sieved through 0.5 mm mesh, then preserved in 5%~7% (V/V) formalin or 75% (V/V) ethanol for further laboratory analysis. Macrobenthic community structure and its relationship to environmental factors were determined, followed by a series of studies on macrobenthic abundance and biomass, secondary production and species diversity. PRIMER and SPSS 8.0 software packages were used for data analysis. There were some variations among the indices of relative importance (IRI) of dominating macrobenthic species and small changes in community structure in different cruises. PCA indicated that distribution of the macrobenthic communities correlated with environmental gradients. Among all the environmental factors examined, water depth and nitrate concentration in the bottom water, followed by microfauna abundance, had the closest relationships with the macrobenthic community. Four macrobenthic community groups could be identified at the 50% similarity level according to CLUSTER and MDS, based on average species densities at 20 stations all of which were sampled in both 1998 and 1999. The dominant species in group I were Alvenius ojianus and Leptomya minuta; in group II Moerella jedoensis:in gropu III Philine argentata and Amphipholis kochii (which included only the shallowest B1 station in Laizhou Bay); and in group IV Thyasira tokunagai and Hiatella orientalis (comprising only the deepest station, A4, located in the Bohai strait). There was no obvious disturbance in macrobenthic community structure that could be attributed to pollution from heavy metals and organic matters in the sediments. However, except in the Bohai strait where the water exchange was comparatively better, most other sites demonstrated a disturbed macrobenthic community structures, which might have been the result of pollution or eutrophication. It is suggested that the Bohai Sea has become a typical eutrophic zone because of the relatively high concentration of NO_3-N and PO_4-P, and an elevated ratio of N to P in the bottom water. Compared with the data obtained in early 1980s, there were some changes in the population composition which were most likely attributed to severe eutrophication, increasing fishery activity and alteration of predators.
Keywords:macrobenthos  community structure  eutrophication  Bohai Sea
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