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转Bt基因抗虫棉根际微生物区系和细菌生理群多样性的变化
引用本文:沈法富,韩秀兰,范术丽.转Bt基因抗虫棉根际微生物区系和细菌生理群多样性的变化[J].生态学报,2004,24(3):432-437.
作者姓名:沈法富  韩秀兰  范术丽
作者单位:1. 山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安,271018
2. 中国农业科学院棉花研究所,河南安阳,455112
基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 30 2 70 2 4 6 ),国家转基因植物研究与产业化专项资助项目 ( JY0 3- B- 0 5- 0 1 )~~
摘    要:在大田栽培条件下 ,以转 Bt基因抗虫棉 GK-12和常规棉花泗棉 3号作为材料 ,在棉花不同发育时期 ,于 2 0 0 1和 2 0 0 2连续两年测定棉花根际土壤细菌、放线菌和真菌数量的变化 ,并在 2 0 0 2年棉花的花铃期和吐絮期对根际细菌生理群的数量和多样性进行了分析 ,结果表明 :虽然不同年份和生育期棉花根际微生物数量存在差异 ,但是 ,年度间和相同的发育时期棉花根际微生物的数量变化趋势一致。在棉花的苗期和吐絮期 ,转 Bt基因抗虫棉根际微生物的数量与对照差异不显著 ;在棉花的花铃期 ,转 Bt基因抗虫棉根际细菌的数量比对照增加 ,放线菌的数量差异不显著 ,而真菌的数量变化没有规律。在棉花发育的花铃期和吐絮期 ,Bt棉根际细菌生理群的总数量比常规棉增加 ,但是根际细菌生理群的 Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和细菌生理群分布的均匀度下降

关 键 词:转Bt基因抗虫棉  根际微生物  风险评价
文章编号:1000-0933(2004)03-0432-06
收稿时间:6/4/2003 12:00:00 AM
修稿时间:2003/9/10 0:00:00

Changes in microbial flora and bacterial physiological group diversity in rhizosphere soil of transgenic Bt cotton
SHEN Fafu,HAN Xiulan and FAN Shuli.Changes in microbial flora and bacterial physiological group diversity in rhizosphere soil of transgenic Bt cotton[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,24(3):432-437.
Authors:SHEN Fafu  HAN Xiulan and FAN Shuli
Affiliation:College of Agronomy; Shandong Agricultural University; Shandong Taian; China
Abstract:The environment release of transgenic plants may be accompanied by ecological effects including changes in plant-associated with micro flora. Transgenic cotton containing gene to produce the insecticidal toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been widely planted. Most research on Bt cotton has focus on invasiveness, gene flow to indigenous organisms, development of resistance in target pests, and direct or indirect effects on non- target organisms and ecosystem. A few studies have been published to evaluate the ecological effects of Bt cotton on microbial flora. A field release of Bt cotton grown under normal agricultural practice was monitored for changes in total bacterial, actinomycetic and fungal populations in 2001 and 2002. Although there were difference in the colony-forming unites of culturable bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi of rhizosphere soil between Bt cotton and non-Bt cotton in different growing period and different years. The trend of annual differences was basically consistent at the same development stage of cotton. Few significant differences were observed and none of the differences were persistent in microbial population in rhizosphere soil between Bt cotton and non-Bt cotton at seedling and boll-opening stage. Total bacterial populations in rhizosphere soil of Bt cotton were significantly higher than that of non-Bt cotton at flower and boll stage. Total actinomycete populations in rhizosphere soil of Bt cotton differed minimally from that of non-Bt cotton at flower and boll stage. Total fungi populations in rhizosphere soil between Bt cotton and non-Bt cotton in 2001 were not consistent with that in 2002 at flower and boll stage. Total fungi populations in rhizosphere soil of Bt cotton were significantly higher than that of non-Bt cotton in 2001. On the contrary, total fungi populations in rhizosphere soil of Bt cotton were significantly lower in 2002. Diversity, composition and distribution of bacterial physiological groups in rhizosphere soil between Bt cotton and non-Bt cotton was analyzed with Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index and evenness index at flower, boll and boll-opening stage in 2002. Although the total numbers of bacterial physiological groups in rhizosphere soil of Bt cotton were significantly higher than that of non-Bt cotton, Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index and evenness index of bacterial physiological groups decreased in rhizosphere soil of Bt cotton, compared with non-Bt cotton. The results indicated that Bt cotton appeared to have effect on total bacteria and diversity of bacterial physiological groups. The effect of Bt crop on microbial communities of rhizosphere soil should be carried out before commercial release. However, these results should be considered as being preliminary, as only one Bt cotton variety and only total numbers of culturable rhizosphere microbes were evaluated. More studies on other Bt varieties and un-culturable microbes are necessary to confirm the effect of Bt cotton on biodiversity in soil.
Keywords:Bt cotton  rhizosphere microbes  risk assessment
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