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秦王川湿地柽柳分布与环境因子的关系
引用本文:赵连春,赵成章,王小鹏,文军.秦王川湿地柽柳分布与环境因子的关系[J].生态学报,2018,38(10):3422-3431.
作者姓名:赵连春  赵成章  王小鹏  文军
作者单位:西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院甘肃省湿地资源保护与产业发展工程研究中心
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(41461013,91125014)
摘    要:环境因子与植被分布的关系是生态学研究的重要内容,对揭示植物种群的形成机制和生态适应策略、预测植被的空间分布具有重要意义。为探究小尺度下干旱区湿地生境中环境因子对柽柳(Tamarix gansuensis H.Z.Zhang)空间分布的影响,在秦王川国家湿地保育区,基于遥感影像和数字高程模型,运用Maxent模型分析了海拔、坡度、坡向、坡位、离河流距离、土壤含水量、土壤含盐量等7个环境变量对柽柳空间分布的影响。结果表明:柽柳在秦王川国家湿地保育区内呈聚集分布,多分布在土壤含水量15%—30%、土壤导电率≤5 ms/cm、离河流18—70 m、海拔1890—1913 m、沟间地或沟坡地上;其空间分布主要受土壤含水量、含盐量和离河流距离3个环境变量的影响;海拔、坡度和离河流距离3个环境变量与土壤含水量、含盐量负相关(P0.05),坡位变量则与之相反。土壤水、盐含量等土壤因子是影响湿地植被分布格局形成的主要环境因子,水文因子和地形因子通过控制湿地土壤水、盐含量,改变局部环境条件,间接影响湿地植被的分布。

关 键 词:湿地植物  环境因子  数字高程模型  分布格局  Maxent模型
收稿时间:2017/3/27 0:00:00
修稿时间:2018/1/3 0:00:00

Interrelations between environmental factors and distribution of Tamarix gansuensis in Qinwangchuan wetland
ZHAO Lianchun,ZHAO Chengzhang,WANG Xiaopeng and WEN Jun.Interrelations between environmental factors and distribution of Tamarix gansuensis in Qinwangchuan wetland[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(10):3422-3431.
Authors:ZHAO Lianchun  ZHAO Chengzhang  WANG Xiaopeng and WEN Jun
Affiliation:College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Research Center of Wetland Resources Protection and Industrial Development Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China,College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Research Center of Wetland Resources Protection and Industrial Development Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China,College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Research Center of Wetland Resources Protection and Industrial Development Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China and College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Research Center of Wetland Resources Protection and Industrial Development Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
Abstract:The interrelations between environmental factors and the distribution of plants are important subjects of ecological study, and play an important role in revealing formation mechanisms, ecologically adaptive strategies, and spatial distributions of plant populations. In order to study the influence of environmental factors on the distribution of Tamarix gansuensis in wetlands, the Maxent model was used to analyze the impact of altitude, slope, aspect, location of slope, distance to the river, soil moisture, and soil salt on the spatial distribution of T. gansuensis in the Qinwangchuan wetland based on remote-sensing images and a digital elevation model. The results showed that T. gansuensis presented a clumped distribution in the conservation zone of Qinwangchuan wetland and was mainly distributed in 15%-30% of soil moisture, 0-5 ms/cm of soil electrical conductivity, 1890-1913 m of altitude, and inter furrow or on sloped land. Spatial distribution of T. gansuensis was affected mainly by soil moisture, soil salt, and distance to the river. The environmental variables of altitude, slope, and distance to the river were negatively related with soil moisture and soil salt, while the slope location was positively related with soil moisture and soil salt. The soil moisture and soil salt were the main environmental factors that affect the distribution of plants in Qinwangchuan wetland, while the hydrologic factors and the topographic factors indirectly influenced the spatial distribution of plants by controlling the soil water and salt content, which could change the local environmental conditions.
Keywords:wetland plant  environmental factor  digital elevation model  distribution pattern  Maxent model
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