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塔里木河上游典型绿洲不同连作年限棉田土壤质量评价
引用本文:贡璐,张海峰,吕光辉,杜东伟.塔里木河上游典型绿洲不同连作年限棉田土壤质量评价[J].生态学报,2011,31(14):4136-4143.
作者姓名:贡璐  张海峰  吕光辉  杜东伟
作者单位:1. 新疆大学资源与环境科学学院,乌鲁木齐830046;绿洲生态教育部重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830046
2. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830001;新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,策勒848300
基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划资助项目,新疆自然科学基金项目,新疆高校科研计划项目,新疆维吾尔自治区重点实验室开放课题
摘    要:开展农业生态系统土壤质量评价是保证生态农业持续高效发展的重要内容。以塔里木河上游阿拉尔垦区为典型样区,选择0a、3a、8a、12a、20a、30a等不同连作年限棉田为研究对象,综合考虑土壤物理、化学和生物学性质,分析了12个土壤理化及酶活性指标;基于因子分析和聚类分析法评价棉田间土壤质量的差异并划分等级,利用产量持续指数验证评价结果。研究表明:不同连作年限的棉田土壤的理化性质和酶活性均存在一定差异;棉田的土壤质量随年限呈先上升后下降的趋势,8a、12a棉田土壤质量相对较高,20a、30a土壤质量有退化趋势;土壤质量评价值与产量持续指数变化趋势一致,后者略显滞后效应。

关 键 词:土壤质量  连作棉田  绿洲  塔里木河上游
收稿时间:12/6/2010 5:21:15 PM
修稿时间:5/10/2011 7:55:19 PM

Soil quality assessment of continuous cropping cotton fields for different years in a typical oasis in the upper reaches of the Tarim River
GONG Lu,ZHANG Haifeng,LV Guanghui and GUI Dongwei.Soil quality assessment of continuous cropping cotton fields for different years in a typical oasis in the upper reaches of the Tarim River[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(14):4136-4143.
Authors:GONG Lu  ZHANG Haifeng  LV Guanghui and GUI Dongwei
Affiliation:Xinjiang University College of Resources and Environment Science,Xinjiang University College of Resources and Environment Science,Xinjiang University College of Resources and Environment Science
Abstract:Soil quality assessment in agro-ecosystems is important for developing ecologically sustainable agriculture. Cotton production plays an important role in the local economy of Xinjiang, China. According to traditional theory, long-term continuous cotton cropping will inevitably lead to unbalance in soil nutrients and diminish soil fertility. In 2008, soil samples, as 0-20 cm layers, were collected from native land (without cultivation, as a control) and five continuous cropping cotton fields, with different cultivation times (3, 8, 12, 20 and 30 years, respectively). Based on the analysis of seven physical and chemical properties: soil water content, bulk density, pH, organic matter, total N, available P, and available K, and five soil enzymatic activities: catalase, polyphenol oxidase, urease, invertase, and alkaline phosphatase, this study attempts to evaluate soil quality across continuous cropping cotton fields for different years in the Aler reclamation area of the upper reaches of the Tarim River. The soil quality assessment values (SQAV) were visualized using principal component analysis (PCA), and the soil quality grades were classified with a clustering diagram. The sustainable yield indexes (SYI) were calculated to verify the evaluated results. The results show that there are differences, in terms of the physical, chemical and enzymatic properties, between the continuous cropping cotton fields for the different years, and that continuous cropping of cotton has a significant influence on a number of soil properties. Soil quality initially increased, but then decreased gradually with continuous cropping. The soil quality in continuous cropping cotton fields at 8 and 12 years improved, but was degraded for 20 and 30 years. In the early stages, soil fertility increased through fertilization, irrigation and growth, and soil organic matter, nutrients and enzymatic activity subsequently rose, and soil quality improved. Cropped cotton fields at 3 years exhibited the lowest soil quality. Indicator values and the soil quality assessment values reached their maximum at 12 years. With continuous cotton cropping, soil quality gradually dropped in a monoculture pattern over a long period. Organic matter levels declined significantly, along with total N, polyphenol oxidase, invertase and alkaline phosphatase. Soil ecosystems undergo a series of degradation stages, and the soil texture was appeared to be transforming into brown desert soil. The soil quality assessment values decreased from 0.633 to 0.068 between 12 and 30 years. Different land use intensities and cropping patterns would significantly impact the soil quality, and extended cultivation for more than 10 years may also cause a decline in soil quality, to a varying degree, with unreasonable tillage practices. Soil quality values were consistent with sustainable yield indexes, but the latter lagged the former appreciably. Therefore, management practices need to consider increasing soil quality through irrigation, cotton-green manure usage, crop rotation and the combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers. This study could be beneficial for refining a sustainable agricultural development in the oasis. It is recommended that studies into the soil quality of arid lands be focused on defining a Minimum Data Set (MDS), with the aid of multivariate statistical techniques and an analysis of the relationships between different soil factors.
Keywords:soil quality  continuous cropping cotton field  oasis  upper reaches of the Tarim River
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