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基施氮肥对冬小麦产量、氮肥利用率及氮平衡的影响
引用本文:刘学军,赵紫娟,巨晓棠,张福锁.基施氮肥对冬小麦产量、氮肥利用率及氮平衡的影响[J].生态学报,2002,22(7):1122-1128.
作者姓名:刘学军  赵紫娟  巨晓棠  张福锁
作者单位:中国农业大学植物营养系,北京,100094
基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 39870 4 79),北京市重大基金资助项目 ( 6 980 0 0 1 )
摘    要:通过田间小区试验研究了氮肥一次基施对高肥力土壤上冬小麦产量,吸氮量及氮肥利用率的影响,旨在了解高肥力土训上减少基肥氮的可行性,结果表明,高肥力土壤上冬小麦产量对氮肥的反应不明显,而施用氮肥显著增加了冬小麦吸氮量,根据差值法计算结果,当施氮量为75,112.5和150kg/hm^2时冬小麦的氮肥利用率分别为16.0%,14.5%和13.5%,表明多达84%-86.5%以上的基肥氮未被作物吸收利用,氮平衡计算的结果进一步表明,未被当季小麦利用的肥料氮主要以无机氮的形式残留于0-1m土体中,当施氮量分别为75,112.5和150kg/hm2时氮肥的土壤残留率依次为83.3%,46.0%和58.8%,而相应的表观损失率为0.5%,38.9%和19.0%,由此可见,在高肥力土壤上应严格控制基肥氮的用量或不施基肥,否则将造成氮素资源的大量浪费。

关 键 词:基施氮肥  冬小麦  产量  氮肥利用率  氮平衡
文章编号:1000-0933(2002)07-1122-07
收稿时间:2000/9/15 0:00:00

Effect of N Application as Basal Fertilizer on Grain Yield of Winter Wheat,Fertilizer N Recovery and N Balance
LIU Xuejun,ZHAO Zijuan,JU Xiaotang and ZHANG Fusuo.Effect of N Application as Basal Fertilizer on Grain Yield of Winter Wheat,Fertilizer N Recovery and N Balance[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2002,22(7):1122-1128.
Authors:LIU Xuejun  ZHAO Zijuan  JU Xiaotang and ZHANG Fusuo
Affiliation:Department of Plant Nutrition; China Agricultural University; Beijing\; China
Abstract:Application of N fertilizer is one of the most important measures that increase crop yield in agriculture. According to statistical data from FAO (1995), the contribution of N fertilizer application to the newly increased yield reaches 50% since 1960's in the whole world. However, misuse of N fertilizer (particularly overuse) will also cause the decline of economic effects and related environmental problems like N gas emission to atmosphere and NO_3-N leaching to groundwater. Thus it is of course significan...
Keywords:high fertile soil  winter wheat  fertilizer N recovery  N balance
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