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经济发展对环境质量的影响——环境库兹涅茨曲线国内外研究进展
引用本文:胡聃,许开鹏,杨建新,刘天星.经济发展对环境质量的影响——环境库兹涅茨曲线国内外研究进展[J].生态学报,2004,24(6):1259-1266.
作者姓名:胡聃  许开鹏  杨建新  刘天星
作者单位:中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京,100085
基金项目:中国科学院知识创新工程资助项目 ( KZCX3 -SW-4 2 4,KZCX2 -SW-3 18-0 1-0 2 ),国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 4 0 1710 42 )~~
摘    要:“环境库兹涅茨曲线 (Environm ental Kuznets Curve)”是指环境破坏与收入水平之间成倒 U形曲线关系 ,即随着经济发展和收入水平的提高 ,环境质量先破坏后好转。 2 0世纪 90年代初 ,揭开了 EKC研究的序幕 ;之后涌现大量实证研究和理论解释模型的探索 ;近年来的研究在前人的基础上视野更加宽阔 ,更注重理论模型的完善。从实证研究、计量模型和解释理论等 3条线索回顾了近年来国内外的主要研究进展 ,认为现有研究在计量模型、数据处理、指标选取等方面虽然取得了巨大进展 ,但仍存在许多不足 ;EKC研究要得到更进一步发展必须突破这些局限

关 键 词:环境经济学  环境库兹涅茨曲线  生态库兹涅茨曲线  研究进展
文章编号:1000-0933(2004)06-1259-08
收稿时间:2004/3/19 0:00:00
修稿时间:2004/5/10 0:00:00

Economic development and environmental quality:progress on the Environ-(mental) Kuznets Curve
HU Dan,XU Kaipeng,YANG Jianxin and LIU Tianxing.Economic development and environmental quality:progress on the Environ-(mental) Kuznets Curve[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,24(6):1259-1266.
Authors:HU Dan  XU Kaipeng  YANG Jianxin and LIU Tianxing
Affiliation:Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences; Chinese Academiy of Sciences; Beijing; China
Abstract:Will the world be able to sustain economic growth indefinitely without running into resource constraints or despoiling the environment beyond repair? The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, which came to be known by analogy with the income-inequality relationship postulated by Simon Kuznets (1955), proposes that there is an inverted-U shape relation between environmental degradation and income per capita. This has been taken to imply that economic growth will eventually redress the environmental impacts of the early stages of economic development. The objective of this paper is to critically review, interpret and synthesize the literatures on the EKC, which have developed rapidly in the past ten years.Firstly, we made a comparison on the differences among the EKCs of various types of environmental indicators. There is no single EKC relationship that fits all pollutants for all places and times. Our examinations have shown that, for the indicators relative closely to the physical environmental quality such as clean water, SO_2 emission TSP, dissolved oxygen in river, etc., the EKC assumes an inverted-U shape relation; but for the indicators relative to ecological changes such as deforestation, biodiversity, carbon dioxide emissions, etc., the EKC has a positive relation.Secondly, we summarized the categories of the econometric models that used in EKC estimation. The quadratic equations were in common use, taking a typical inverted-U shape; the Log-Quadratic equations could strengthen the characteristic of the inverted-U shape relationship; the cubic equations might explain the fluctuant effects in the interactions between environmental quality and economic development. In addition, some researchers also explored the impacts of other variables in the models such as trade, population, technology geography, etc. with a much wider view. Thirdly, we examined some theoretical studies on how to explain the EKC relation appeared in the models. These theoretical explanations focus on the following aspects: economical structure, international trade, technology progress, income elasticity of environmental and resource goods, and political variables. Although these explanations are relatively successful, none of them can be helpful for developing a mechanistic model.In China, there appeared many successful researches on EKC in recent years. Most of these researches have been conducted in East China where local economy is relatively more developed and complete statistical data are available to systematically contribute to further exploration. From these studies we could find that the relationship between environmental deterioration and economic growth has an obvious inverse U-shape in most study cases, and the turn points arrived earlier than the average world level in a few study cases.Finally, we discussed some limitations during current progress in EKC researches, and pointed out the promising points of researches currently still neglected, such as the relationships between changes in components, structure and functions of ecosystems and economic development, and the relationships between social capitals and economic development.
Keywords:environmental economics  progress review  Environment Kuznets Curve  ecological Kuznets curve
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