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城市复合生态系统中互动关系的测度与评价
引用本文:张妍,杨志峰,李巍.城市复合生态系统中互动关系的测度与评价[J].生态学报,2005,25(7):1734-1740.
作者姓名:张妍  杨志峰  李巍
作者单位:北京师范大学环境学院,环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京,100875
基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(973)(2005CB724204),国家重点基础研究发展计划资助项目(973)(2003CB415104),国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(50239020)~~
摘    要:基于城市复合生态系统原理和城市代谢功能,构建了城市系统互动分析指标体系。应用因子分析法、层次分析法及所建立的量化模型,对城市复合生态系统中的不同变量之间的相关性和协调性进行度量。并以中国北京、上海、广州、天津、重庆和深圳等六大城市为例,对其可持续发展进程进行横向比较。结果表明,六大城市发展度由大到小的顺序是:上海、深圳、广州、天津、北京、重庆;协调度由好到坏的排序是:重庆、上海、广州、北京、天津、深圳;循环度由好到坏的排序是:深圳、上海、天津、北京、广州、重庆;从可持续发展度看,建设和实现可持续发展城市或生态城市的先后顺序大致为:上海、深圳、广州、重庆、天津、北京。说明城市可持续发展的关键取决于社会经济活动压力源的削减、自然生态环境的保育以及城市代谢功能的增强。

关 键 词:城市  复合生态系统  互动关系  城市生态  发展度  协调度  循环度
文章编号:1000-0933(2005)07-1734-07
收稿时间:07 4 2004 12:00AM
修稿时间:2004-07-04

Measurement and evaluation of interactive relationships in urban complex ecosystem
ZHANG Yan,YANG Zhifeng and LI Wei.Measurement and evaluation of interactive relationships in urban complex ecosystem[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(7):1734-1740.
Authors:ZHANG Yan  YANG Zhifeng and LI Wei
Affiliation:School of Environment; Beijing Normal University
Abstract:The objective of this study is to measure and evaluate the interactions among various variables in the urban complex ecosystem, employing models of urban harmonious development and metabolism. Based on a theory of the urban complex ecosystem (UCE) (including society, economy and nature) with metabolic function, a system of indicators is developed for evaluating urban ecosystem, using factor analysis, the analytic hierarchy process, and a synthetic index. The models of urban metabolism and urban harmonious development are constructed and then are employed to measure and evaluate the interactions among various variables for Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Tianjin, Chongqing, and Shenzhen. The model of urban metabolism illustrates how the conversion of resources into useful products and wastes is similar to human metabolic processes or those of an ecosystem, and accounts for how the basic metabolic concept has been extended to include the livability of the UCE from a human perspective so that the socioeconomic aspects of sustainability are integrated with the environmental aspects. This means that the best way to reduce the impacts of socioeconomic development would be reduction of the resource inputs. On the other hand, the sustainability of development for a city is not only simply reduction of the metabolic flows (resource inputs and waste outputs), but also increase of the livability of the city, measured here by the recycling degree. There are two potential ways to purify the metabolites produced by the UCE: (1) reclamation of wastes, (2) making wastes harmless for the natural ecosystem. The model of harmonious development presents the developmental trends for developmental degree and harmonious degree in response to two different models of the relationships between development pressure and carrying capacity. This model shows that the socioeconomic development pressure and the carrying capacity of the natural ecosystem are competing processes, and that ecological improvement is most possible when the socioeconomic development pressures are small and the carrying capacity of the natural ecosystem is large. At last some conclusions are drew about the developmental degree, the harmonious degree, and the recycling degree in these ecosystems: (1) in terms of the developmental degree, Shanghai is highest, followed by Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Tianjin, Beijing, and Chongqing; (2) in terms of the harmonious degree, Chongqing is highest, followed by Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Tianjin, and Shenzhen; (3) in terms of the recycling degree, Shenzhen has the highest level, followed by Shanghai, Tianjin, Beijing, Guangzhou, and Chongqing. In terms of the timetable for potentially achieving modernization, Shenzhen appears to be most advanced, followed by Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Tianjin, and Chongqing. However, based on the current development levels, the order of progress towards attaining sustainable development is highest in Shanghai, followed by Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Chongqing, Tianjin, and Beijing. Through a comparison of these two different orders, it can be seen that the key factors to urban sustainable development are the decrease of socioeconomic development pressure, the protection of natural ecosystem, and the raising of urban metabolism function. To reach such goals, each city must strengthen its potential for sustainable development, and must consider the recycling degree and the harmonious degree to define the break-even point for improving the health and livability of UCE.
Keywords:city  complex ecosystem  interactive relationship  urban ecology  developmental degree  harmonious degree  recycling degree
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