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| 放牧扰动下高寒草甸植物多样性、生产力对土壤养分条件变化的响应 | |
| 引用本文： | 王长庭,龙瑞军,王启兰,曹广民,施建军,杜岩功.放牧扰动下高寒草甸植物多样性、生产力对土壤养分条件变化的响应[J].生态学报,2008,28(9):4144-4152. |
| 作者姓名： | 王长庭 龙瑞军 王启兰 曹广民 施建军 杜岩功 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,西宁,810008 2. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,西宁,810008;兰州大学,兰州,730070 3. 青海省畜牧兽医科学院草原研究所,西宁,810016 |
| 基金项目： | 中国科学院"百人计划"，国家自然科学基金，中国科学院科研基金 |
| 摘 要： | 为了揭示高寒小嵩草草甸群落在放牧扰动下,探讨土壤养分供给水平的变化对生态系统初级生产力和多样性影响,为高寒草地的退化演替机理研究提供依据,以野外样地调查和室内分析法研究了放牧扰动下高寒草甸植物多样性、生产力对土壤养分条件变化的响应.结果表明,放牧干扰不仅改变了高寒小蒿草草甸群落土壤根系和蕴育土壤根系的"载体"量及根土比例,改变了植物群落的结构和功能,而且使土壤的物理和化学特性发生了明显的改变.随着放牧强度的增加,蕴育土壤根系的基质量逐渐减少,根土比特别是0～10 cm土层的根土比例增加;"载体"量减少导致大部分地下根系由于营养供给水平的降低而死亡,归还土壤中有机质的数量逐渐减少,加之地上部分持续利用,土壤养分也在不断消耗,土壤基质量的减少和土壤资源持续供给能力的下降,草地发生逆向演替(退化),表现在:物种数减少、多样性下降、能量的分配转向地下等;土壤性状上的某些改变(土壤容重、土壤湿度等),也会引起植被组成、物种多样性变化;放牧主要通过影响土壤环境及其养分含量来改变草地群落生物量(地上、地下);土壤表面的适度干扰和原有植物的适度破坏为新成员提供了小生境,从而允许新的植物侵入群落,并提高了植物的丰富度.但是,在受到强度干扰时,草地植物群落的主要物种的优势地位发生明显的替代变化. |
| 关 键 词： | 放牧扰动 植物多样性 生产力 土壤养分 群落演替 响应 |
| 收稿时间： | 2007/1/25 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2008/6/30 0:00:00 |
Response of plant diversity and productivity to soil resources changing under grazing disturbance on an alpine meadow |
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| WANG Chang-Ting,LONG Rui-Jun,WANG Qi-Lan,CAO Guang-Min,SHI Jian-Jun,DU Yan-Gong.Response of plant diversity and productivity to soil resources changing under grazing disturbance on an alpine meadow[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(9):4144-4152. | |
| Authors: | WANG Chang-Ting LONG Rui-Jun WANG Qi-Lan CAO Guang-Min SHI Jian-Jun DU Yan-Gong |
| Abstract: | The methods of field survey and experiment analysis was applied to detect the influence of plant diversity and productivity to soil resources changing under grazing disturbance on an alpine meadow. The purpose of this study to provide the process of degrading mechanisms in alpine meadow. The experiment plots were located in the Haibei alpine meadow ecosystem research station. The results showed that the obvious change of rhizomes in the Kobresia pygmaea meadow community, soil contents which cultivate rhizomes, and the proportion of the rhizome to the soil, the change of plant community structure and function, the change of soil physics and chemistry characteristics under grazing disturbance. With the grazing intensity increasing, especially the proportion of the rhizome to the soil at 0-10 cm soil layer were enhanced; The most rhizomes were died because of soil resources supply ability decreasing, soil organic matters which return in soil were decreased, sustainable utilization vegetation, converse succession (or degenerate succession) occurred in grassland, reflection by species number reducing, plant diversity decreasing, energy distribution turn around below-ground biomass; the alteration of soil properties (for example soil bulk density, soil moisture) resulted in change of vegetation composition and plant diversity. The soil environment and nutrients were influenced by grazing to change the grassland community biomasses (above, below-ground biomass); moderation disturbance to the soil surface and moderation destruction to original plant provide a small habitat for new plant species, new plant species intrude plant community, to increase plant richness. However, when strong disturbance occurred in grassland community, the dominance status of the main plant species in grassland community was substituted by another plant species. |
| Keywords: | grazing disturbance plant diversity productivity soil resources plant community succession response |
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