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Intra‐specific variability in Rhinoleucophenga punctulata populations (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from Neotropical biomes: Combined analyses of morphological and molecular data
Authors:Jean Lucas Poppe  Maríndia Deprá  Hermes José Schmitz  Vera Lúcia da Silva Valente
Affiliation:1. Programa de Pós‐Gradua??o em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Brazil;2. Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Miss?es (URI), Campus S?o Luiz Gonzaga, RS, Brazil;3. Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil;4. Universidade Federal da Integra??o Latino‐Americana (UNILA), Paraná, Brazil;5. Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Brazil;6. Programa de Pós‐Gradua??o em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
Abstract:Despite the fact that Drosophilidae is a very diverse and well‐studied taxon, the New World genus Rhinoleucophenga is yet poorly understood even in regard to species distribution and morphological variability pattern. In this sense, R. punctulata is a species widely distributed in the Neotropical region. Specimens of R. punctulata were collected from different biomes in Brazil: Pampa, Cerrado and Caatinga sensu strictu, and a southern Amazonian savannah enclave area. Geographical variations in the external body morphology and in the morphology of spermatheca were noticed among the different populations. The hypothesis that each population could be a different species was tested through molecular data. A fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxydase subunit I (COI) gene was sequenced to perform phylogenetic analyses through neighbor‐joining and Bayesian inferences. Pairwise genetic divergences of COI sequences were calculated using DNA barcode premises. The analyzed populations presented different variation levels in both morphology and molecular traits. However, new species were not proposed because the intra‐population nucleotide variations exceeded the inter‐population ones. The noticeable morphological and genetic variations revealed among the four studied populations of R. punctulata in different biomes of Brazil suggest the necessity that morphological, distributional and molecular data at the population level should be integrated into complementary datasets to better understand the biological diversity of Rhinoleucophenga through Neotropical environments.
Keywords:Brazil  COI  geographical variation  phylogeny  spermatheca  Steganinae
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