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长期施肥下黄壤旱地玉米产量及肥料利用率的变化特征
引用本文:罗龙皂,李渝,张文安,肖厚军,蒋太明.长期施肥下黄壤旱地玉米产量及肥料利用率的变化特征[J].生态学杂志,2013,24(10):2793-2798.
作者姓名:罗龙皂  李渝  张文安  肖厚军  蒋太明
作者单位:(;1.贵州省农业资源与环境研究所, 贵阳 550006; ;农业部贵州耕地保育与农业环境科学观测实验站, 贵阳 550006; ;贵州省农业科学院, 贵阳 550006)
摘    要:选取贵州黄壤长期定位监测点中对照(CK, 不施肥)、单施全量有机肥(M, 30555 kg·hm-2)、有机肥与化肥配施(NPKM,年施N 165 kg·hm-2、P2O5 82.5 kg·hm-2、K2O 82.5 kg·hm-2、有机肥30555 kg·hm-2)和氮磷钾化肥配施(NPK,年施N 165 kg·hm-2、P2O5 82.5 kg·hm-2、K2O 82.5 kg·hm-2)4个处理的16年试验数据进行分析,研究了黄壤区长期不同施肥下作物产量及肥料效益的变化趋势,为评价和建立长期施肥模式、促进粮食持续生产提供依据.结果表明:长期施肥条件下玉米产量年际间变化较大,总体呈上升趋势.其中NPKM处理增产效果最好,可增产4075.71 kg·hm-2,增产率高达139.3%.长期施肥可提高玉米肥料利用率,其中M处理对玉米氮肥和磷肥利用率的提升作用最显著,分别达35.4%和18.8%;而NPK处理在提高玉米钾肥利用率方面作用明显,提高了20%,远高于M处理的87%和NPKM处理的9.2%.可见,长期均衡施肥,尤其是有机肥与化肥配施对提高作物产量和肥料效益具有积极作用.

关 键 词:长期施肥  黄壤旱地  玉米  肥料利用率

Variation characteristics of maize yield and fertilizer utilization rate on an upland yellow soil under long term fertilization.
LUO Long-zao,LI Yu,ZHANG Wen-an,XIAO Hou-jun,JIANG Tai-ming.Variation characteristics of maize yield and fertilizer utilization rate on an upland yellow soil under long term fertilization.[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2013,24(10):2793-2798.
Authors:LUO Long-zao  LI Yu  ZHANG Wen-an  XIAO Hou-jun  JIANG Tai-ming
Affiliation:(;1.Guizhou Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guiyang 550006, China; ;2.Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation and Agriculture Environment (Guizhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Guiyang 550006, China; ;3.Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China)
Abstract:An analysis was made on the 16-year experimental data from the long term fertilization experiment of maize on a yellow soil in Guizhou of Southwest China. Four treatments, i.e., no fertilization (CK), chemical fertilization (165 kg N·hm-2, 82.5 kg P2O5·hm-2, and 82.5 kg K2O·hm-2, NPK), organic manure (30555 kg·hm-2, M), and combined application of chemical fertilizers and organic manure (NPKM), were selected to analyze the variation trends of maize yield and fertilizer use efficiency on yellow soil under effects of different long term fertilization modes, aimed to provide references for evaluating and establishing long term fertilization mode and promote the sustainable development of crop production. Overall, the maize yield under long term fertilization had an increasing trend, with a large annual variation. Treatment NPKM had the best yield increasing effect, with the maize yield increased by 4075.71 kg·hm-2 and the increment being up to 139.2%. Long term fertilization increased the fertilizer utilization efficiency of maize. In treatment M, the nitrogen and phosphorus utilization rates were increased significantly by 35.4% and 18.8%, respectively. Treatment NPK had obvious effect in improving potassium utilization rate, with an increment of 20% and being far higher than that in treatments M (8.7%) and NPKM (9.2%). The results showed that long term fertilization, especially the combined application of chemical fertilizers and organic manure, was of great importance in increasing crop yield and fertilizer use efficiency.
Keywords:long term fertilization  upland yellow soil  maize  fertilizer utilization rate  
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