Towards a whole‐genome sequence for rye (Secale cereale L.) |
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| Authors: | Eva Bauer Thomas Schmutzer Ivan Barilar Martin Mascher Heidrun Gundlach Mihaela M Martis Sven O Twardziok Bernd Hackauf Andres Gordillo Peer Wilde Malthe Schmidt Viktor Korzun Klaus FX Mayer Karl Schmid Chris‐Carolin Schön Uwe Scholz |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Technical University of Munich, Plant Breeding, Freising, Germany;2. Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Stadt Seeland, Germany;3. Universit?t Hohenheim, Crop Biodiversity and Breeding Informatics, Stuttgart, Germany;4. Helmholtz Zentrum München, Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Neuherberg, Germany;5. Julius Kühn‐Institute, Institute for Breeding Research on Agricultural Crops, Sanitz, Germany;6. KWS LOCHOW GMBH, Bergen, Germany |
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| Abstract: | We report on a whole‐genome draft sequence of rye (Secale cereale L.). Rye is a diploid Triticeae species closely related to wheat and barley, and an important crop for food and feed in Central and Eastern Europe. Through whole‐genome shotgun sequencing of the 7.9‐Gbp genome of the winter rye inbred line Lo7 we obtained a de novo assembly represented by 1.29 million scaffolds covering a total length of 2.8 Gbp. Our reference sequence represents nearly the entire low‐copy portion of the rye genome. This genome assembly was used to predict 27 784 rye gene models based on homology to sequenced grass genomes. Through resequencing of 10 rye inbred lines and one accession of the wild relative S. vavilovii, we discovered more than 90 million single nucleotide variants and short insertions/deletions in the rye genome. From these variants, we developed the high‐density Rye600k genotyping array with 600 843 markers, which enabled anchoring the sequence contigs along a high‐density genetic map and establishing a synteny‐based virtual gene order. Genotyping data were used to characterize the diversity of rye breeding pools and genetic resources, and to obtain a genome‐wide map of selection signals differentiating the divergent gene pools. This rye whole‐genome sequence closes a gap in Triticeae genome research, and will be highly valuable for comparative genomics, functional studies and genome‐based breeding in rye. |
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| Keywords: | Secale cereale L rye whole‐genome shotgun sequencing de novo genome assembly single nucleotide variants Rye600k genotyping array high‐density genetic map rye genome zipper diversity selection signals |
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