| 陕西榆林春玉米高产田土壤理化性状及根系分布 |
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| 引用本文： | 路海东,薛吉全,马国胜,郝引川,张仁和,马向峰.陕西榆林春玉米高产田土壤理化性状及根系分布[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(4):895-900. |
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| 作者姓名： | 路海东 薛吉全 马国胜 郝引川 张仁和 马向峰 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌,712100
2. 榆林市农业技术工作站,陕西榆林,719000 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家"973"计划项目，国家自然科学基金，陕西省"13115"重大科技攻关项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 调查分析了陕西榆林2块19500kg·hm-2以上超高产春玉米田的产量构成、干物质分配和0～100cm土层根系分布及土壤理化性状指标.结果表明:其种植密度为105000～123000株·hm-2、成穗率97.7%～102.2%、千粒重320g以上,果穗干物质积累量占整株干物质积累量的60.2%～65.5%.0～100cm土壤平均容重为1.28～1.33g·cm-3,层间(每层20cm)土壤容重、孔隙度和田间持水量均呈"M"型变化.玉米根系主要分布在0～60cm,0～20cm土层根系量占根系总量的64.8%～72.1%,20～60cm土层根系量占根系总量的23.30%～28.17%.根系分布与土壤理化性状关系密切,0～20cm土层玉米的根系量与土壤有机质、全氮和全磷含量呈显著正相关,20～60cm土层根系量与土壤容重和田间持水量显著相关.因此,选择通透性和保水保肥能力良好的土壤,实行宽窄行双株密植栽培是获得玉米高产的关键.
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| 关 键 词： | 春玉米 产量构成 土壤 理化性状 根系分布 |
Soil physical and chemical properties and root distribution in high yielding spring maize fields in Yulin, Shaanxi Province |
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| Affiliation: | College of Agronomy, Northwest A &|F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;Yulin Agricultural Technology Work Station, Yulin 719000, Shaanxi, China |
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| Abstract: | An investigation was made on the yield component, dry matter allocation, root distribution in 0-100 cm soil layer, and soil physical and chemical properties in two high yielding (>19500 kg·hm-2) spring maize fields of Yulin, Shaanxi Province. In the two fields, the planting density was from 105000 plants·hm-2 to 123000 plants·hm-2, spike rate was from 97.7% to 102.2%, 1000-grain weight was >320 g, and the dry matter allocation in ears occupied 60.2%-65.5% of the total. The average bulk density in 0-100 cm soil layer was from 1.28 g·cm-3 to 1.33 g·cm-3, and the soil bulk density, porosity, and field water-holding capacity along the profile all changed in M type. Maize roots were mainly distributed in 0-60 cm soil layer, and those in 0-20 cm and 20-60 cm accounted for 64.8%-72.1% and 23.30%-28.17% of the total, respectively. There was a close relationship between root distribution and soil physical-chemical properties. Root dry mass in 0-20 cm soil layer had a significant positive correlation with soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus, while that in 20-60 cm soil layer was significantly correlated with soil bulk density and field water-holding capacity. Therefore, to select soils with good permeability and high maintenance capacity of water and nutrients would be the key in obtaining high maize yield. |
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| Keywords: | spring maize yield component soil physical and chemical properties root distribution |
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