| 秸秆还田和秋施肥对旱地玉米生长发育及水肥效应的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 周怀平,杨治平,李红梅,关春林.秸秆还田和秋施肥对旱地玉米生长发育及水肥效应的影响[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(7):1231-1235. |
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| 作者姓名： | 周怀平 杨治平 李红梅 关春林 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 山西省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,山西省土壤环境与养分资源重点实验室,太原,030031
2. 山西省农业科学院农产品综合利用研究所,太原,030031 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家科技攻关项目 ( 85 0 0 7 0 1 0 4、96 0 0 4 0 4 0 2和 2 0 0 1BA5 0 8B0 9)，国家高技术研究发展计划资助项目 ( 2 0 0 2AA2Z43 11 0 7) |
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| 摘 要： | 在我国北方半湿润偏旱区的晋东豫西(寿阳)旱农试验区，持续10年进行了多种方式秸秆还田与秋季深施肥配合定位试验。探讨秸秆还田秋施肥对旱地玉米生长发育、产量、土壤水肥高效利用和土壤肥力变化的影响。结果表明，秸秆还田秋施肥较好地解决了深施肥与春季保墒捉全苗的矛盾，以及秸秆腐解与幼苗争夺水分养分而影响玉米幼苗生长的矛盾，秸秆资源丰富的区域优势得以充分利用，土壤微生物活动更为活跃，土壤水肥状况得到明显改善。表现为玉米苗全苗壮，根系发达，植株叶片光合速率、蒸腾速率提高，水分利用效率年平均提高了3．26～4．51kg·hm^-2·mm^-1，生育期耗水量累计减少8．1～264．5mm，氮、磷肥利用率分别提高了3．9％～13．9％和3．0％～9．1％，水肥资源得到了高效利用，10年累计增加12．10～17．27t·hm^-2玉米籽粒，增产幅度达25．6％～36．5％。玉米产量年际间波动减小，同时维持了较高的土壤肥力和生产力。
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| 关 键 词： | 秸秆还田 秋施肥 水肥效应 旱地玉米 |
| 文章编号： | 1001-9332(2004)07-1231-05 |
| 修稿时间： | 2003年6月16日 |
Effect of straw return to field and fertilization in autumn on dryland corn growth and on water and fertilizer efficiency |
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| ZHOU Huaiping,YANG Zhiping,LI Hongmei,GUAN Chunlin.Effect of straw return to field and fertilization in autumn on dryland corn growth and on water and fertilizer efficiency[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2004,15(7):1231-1235. |
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| Authors: | ZHOU Huaiping YANG Zhiping LI Hongmei GUAN Chunlin |
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| Affiliation: | Institute of Soil & Fertiliser, The Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031. hpzhou@public.ty.sx.cn |
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| Abstract: | A ten years location experiment of various kinds straw return to field and deep fertilization in autumn was conducted in Shouyang dryland experimental area of Shanxi Province to study their effect on the growth and yield of dryland corn, the use efficency of soil water and fertilizer, and the changes of soil fertility. The results showed that this kind of experimental method could better solve the contradiction of deep fertilization with maintaining soil moisture and keeping a full stand of seedlings in spring, and the competition of water and fertilizer between the degradation of crop remains and the seedlings. What is more, the abundant resources of crop remains were used more sufficiently, the activity of soil microorganisms was more active, and soil fertility was obviously improved, which was proved by the complete and strong seedlings and developed roots, the photosynthesis and transpiration rates were enhanced, the water use efficiency (WUE) was increased by 3.26 - 3.51 kg x hm(-2) x mm(-1), and the accumulated water consumption was decreased by 8.1 - 264.5 mm. During plant growth period, the utilization rate of fertilizer N and P could increase 3.9% - 13.9% and 3.0% - 9.1%, respectively, and the use efficiency of water and fertilizer was higher. The ten years accumulated yield increased 12.10 - 17.27 t x hm(-2), a rise of 25.6% - 36.5%, and in the meantime, higher soil fertility and productivity were maintained. |
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| Keywords: | Deep fertilization in autumn Straw return to field Efficiency of water and fertilizer Dryland corn |
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