| 冬小麦光合特征及叶绿素含量对保水剂和氮肥的响应 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨永辉,吴普特,武继承,赵世伟,黄占斌,何方.冬小麦光合特征及叶绿素含量对保水剂和氮肥的响应[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(1):79-85. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨永辉 吴普特 武继承 赵世伟 黄占斌 何方 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌 712100;2.河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,郑州 450002;3.中国科学院水利部水土
保持研究所,陕西杨凌 712100;4.中国矿业大学(北京),北京 100083 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家高技术研究发展计划节水农业项目，河南省重大公益性科研项目，河南省杰出青年基金 |
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| 摘 要： | 以不施保水剂和氮（N）肥为对照，测定了保水剂（60 kg·hm-2）与不同N肥水平（0、225、450 kg·hm-2）及其配施条件下大田小麦的光合特征、叶绿素含量和水分利用效率等指标，研究了冬小麦拔节期和灌浆期光合生理特征、叶绿素含量及水分利用对保水剂和N肥的响应.结果表明：灌浆期各处理的光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、叶片水分利用效率及叶绿素含量均大于拔节期.在拔节期，单施N肥条件下，随施N量的增加，单叶水分利用效率提高，光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度及蒸腾速率均先增后减；225 kg·hm-2 N肥处理的叶绿素含量最高.施用保水剂后，随施N量的增加，胞间CO2浓度降低，而光合速率等均提高；单施保水剂及其与N肥配施提高了叶绿素含量，而过多N肥效果不显著在灌浆期，单施N肥显著提高了小麦的光合速率及水分利用效率，降低了气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度及蒸腾速率；叶绿素含量随N肥用量的增加而增加.施用保水剂后，随N肥用量的增加，光合速率和叶片水分利用效率均先增后减，而胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率先减后增，但均低于对照，气孔导度随施N量的增加而提高.单施保水剂的叶绿素含量显著提高，但其与N肥配施叶绿素含量有所降低.保水剂与N肥配合施用显著提高了小麦的千粒重、产量及水分生产效率.其中，保水剂与225 kg·hm-2N肥配施处理的产量及水分生产效率均最高.
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| 关 键 词： | 保水剂 氮 光合特征 叶绿素 水分利用效率 亚低温 甜瓜 褪黑素 氮代谢 渗透调节物质 |
Responses of winter wheat photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll content to water-retaining agent and N fertilizer |
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| YANG Yong-hui,WU Pu-te,WU Ji-cheng,ZHAO Shi-wei,HUANG Zhan-bin,HE Fang.Responses of winter wheat photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll content to water-retaining agent and N fertilizer[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(1):79-85. |
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| Authors: | YANG Yong-hui WU Pu-te WU Ji-cheng ZHAO Shi-wei HUANG Zhan-bin HE Fang |
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| Affiliation: | 1.College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Northwest A &F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China|;2.Institute of Plant Nutrition &Resource Environment, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China|;3.Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China|;4.China University of Mining &Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China |
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| Abstract: | The effects of water-retaining agent (60 kg·hm-2) and nitrogen fertilizer (0, 225, and 450 kg·hm-2) on the leaf photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll content, and water utilization of winter wheat at jointing and grain-filling stages were studied under field conditions. In all treatments, the net photosynthetic rate, stomata conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, water use efficiency, and chlorophyll content were greater at grain-filling stage than at jointing stage. Under nitrogen fertilization but without water-retaining agent application, the water use efficiency (WUE) of single leaf at jointing stage increased with increasing nitrogen fertilization rate, while the net photosynthetic rate, stomata conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, and transpiration rate decreased after an initial increase. The chlorophyll content was the highest under 225 kg·hm-2 nitrogen fertilization. In the treatments of water-retaining agent application, the intercellular CO2 concentration decreased with increasing nitrogen application rate, but the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and WUE increased. The application of water-retaining agent or its combination with nitrogen fertilization increased the chlorophyll content, but excessive nitrogen fertilization had lesser effects. At grain-filling stage, applying nitrogen fertilizer alone significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate and WUE, but decreased the stomata conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, and transpiration rate. The chlorophyll content increased with increasing nitrogen application rate. After applying water-retaining agent and with the increase of nitrogen fertilization rate, the photosynthetic rate and WUE decreased after an initial increase, while the intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate were in adverse but still lower than those without water-retaining agent application. The stomata conductance increased with increasing nitrogen fertilization rate. The chlorophyll content increased significantly under the application of water-retaining agent, but somewhat decreased under the combined application of water-retaining agent and nitrogen fertilizer. The application of both water-retaining agent and nitrogen fertilizer increased the 1000 grain mass, grain yield, and water production efficiency of winter whe at significantly, with the best effect in the treatment of water-retaining agent with 225 kg·hm-2 nitrogen fertilization. |
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| Keywords: | water-retaining agent nitrogen photosynthetic characteristics chlorophyll water use efficiency (WUE) |
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